Mechanisms underlying nest predation near energy development:
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1 Mechanisms underlying nest predation near energy development: A test of the mesopredator release hypothesis Lindsey Sanders 2 and Anna Chalfoun 1,2 1 US Geological Survey; 2 Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming
2 Habitat alteration
3 Accelerated Natural Gas Production Kerr 2010
4 Wildlife and Energy Development Northrup and Wittemyer 2013
5 Shrubland birds are on the decline Knick et al 2003, Sauer et al 2013
6 Sauer et al 2013 Sagebrush-obligate songbirds = species of greatest conservation need W. Ammann Brewer s Sparrow J. Gallagher Sagebrush Sparrow Sage Thrasher J. McCarty
7 Nest Success with Habitat Loss Brewer s Sparrow 90% due to Predation Sagebrush Sparrow J. Gallagher Sage Thrasher J. McCarty Adapted from M. Gilbert thesis 2010
8 Nest Predator Identification Y. Krishnappa QK Eliminators Rodents = 80% of nest J. Spendelow predation events S. Creek D. Williams KJ Thurgood Discovery Planet C. Kurtzl Pixshark Hethcoat and Chalfoun 2015
9 WARNING: This footage is gruesome!!
10
11 Relative Abundance of Rodents Ground Squirrel Detections Deer Mouse Captures/ 100 Trap Nights Hethcoat and Chalfoun 2015
12 Mesopredator Release Crooks and Soule 1999
13 Is a mesopredator release driving rodent abundance near natural gas development? Apex Predator Detections Rodent Perceived Predation Risk
14 Study Area Pinedale Anticline Well Locations Upper Green River Basin, western Wyoming 2 natural gas fields: Pinedale Anticline and Jonah Field 5km Jonah Gas Field
15 Study Area Pinedale Anticline Well Locations Study Plots Upper Green River Basin, western Wyoming 2 natural gas fields: Pinedale Anticline and Jonah Field Sixteen 25-hectare study plots 5km Jonah Gas Field
16 Methods: Apex Predator Detections Trail Cameras Coyotes and badgers Point Counts Raptors
17 Predict: Decreased Apex Predator Detections Coyote Detections per Survey Badger Detections per Survey Raptor Detections per Survey
18 Result: Increased Apex Predator Detections Coyote Detections per Survey p = χ 2 = 1.7 Badger Detections per Survey p < χ 2 = 22.0 Raptor Detections per Survey p = R 2 = 22%
19 Is a mesopredator release driving rodent abundance near natural gas development? Apex Predator Detections Rodent Perceived Predation Risk
20 Methods: Perceived Predation Risk Giving-Up Density (GUD) Experiment Safe tray Risky tray Charnov 1976, Brown 1988
21 Predict: Lower Perceived Predation Risk Safe tray Risky tray
22 Result: Higher Perceived Predation Risk Odds more seed eaten from safe foraging patch 4% Risky tray R 2 = 32% 95% CI = (1.002, 1.073)
23 Results Summary Sage Thrasher Daily Nest Survival (%) Deer Mouse Captures/ 100 Trap Nights Hethcoat and Chalfoun 2015
24 Results Summary Sage Thrasher Daily Nest Survival (%) Deer Mouse Captures/ 100 Trap Nights Badger Detections per Survey
25 Results Summary Sage Thrasher Daily Nest Survival (%) Deer Mouse Captures/ 100 Trap Nights Badger Detections per Survey Perceived Predation Risk
26 Is a mesopredator release driving rodent abundance near natural gas development? Apex Predator Rodent Perceived Detections Predation Risk NO NO
27 Future Research Directions Alternative hypotheses: food resource availability
28 Management Outcomes Mechanistic understanding important for targeted management and conservation Improve understanding of how processes with fitness consequences (predation) are altered by humans
29 Questions? Contact Info: Big Thanks to: The Chalfoun Lab Merav Ben-David Andrea Orabona Mark Thornoff Matthew Hethcoat Mandi Larson Mike Curran Tayler Scherr Tracey Johnson Ken Gerow Susan Patla Dale Woolwine Michelle GIlbert Sophie Miller Jay Norton Pete Guernsey
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