Maria Andrzejewska UNEP/GRID Warsaw Centre

Transcription

1 Maria Andrzejewska UNEP/GRID Warsaw Centre

2 Agenda 1. Environment matters! 2. Spatial data to benefit environment 3. Environment management with cadastral data 4. Cadaster in spatial planning 5. Conclusions

3 Global & European Legal Acts To maintain biodiversity without compromising the needs of people the international policies underline the need to include the general publics opinion in planning and in decision making (UN 1992, UNECE 1998, EC 2000). The Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Convention on Biological Diversity calls for increased public participation in environmental decision making; Aarhus Convention (UN ECE, 1998) culmination of efforts, an opening for sound public participation; Directive 2003/4/EU on the right of access by the public to environmental information held by or for public authorities.

4 Environmental legislation Globalized world with rapidly evolving processes including climate change, population growth or environmental degradation > protection, mitigation, adoption. Environmental laws : Floods Directive Birds&Habitats Directive Natura 2000 Water Framework Directive Noise Directive Pesticides Directives Biofuel Directive Common Agricultural Policy Others..

5 Environmental management areas Existing protected areas proper maintanace based on protection plans or any other adequate ones. Designation of new areas under protection e. g. Natura 2000 ecological network. Areas not covered by any formal protection with different mechanisms of protection: Spatial planning (for biodiversity) HNV areas others

6 Environmental management data considerations Reliable information for decision makers and the general public. Share of data easy and seamless integration of data from different sources. availability of geospatial data has grown dramatically (last 30 years) technological boom observed in last years stimulated the production of new and updating of existing data Different means of communication access to an enormous and continuous flow of information. INSPIRE Directive!

7 INSPIRE Directive INSPIRE an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment. Information, including spatial information, is needed for the formulation and implementation of policies, which must integrate environmental protection requirements. In the INSPIRE context, cadastral parcels are mainly used as locators for geo information in general, including environmental data.

8 CADASTRE & EUROPEAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORK NATURA 2000

9 European ecological Natura 2000 network Centrepiece of EU nature & biodiversity policy. EU wide network of nature protection areas established under the 1992 Habitats Directive. to assure the long term survival of Europe's most valuable and threatened species and habitats. comprised of Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) designated by Member States under the Habitats Directive, and also incorporates Special Protection Areas (SPAs) which they designate under the 1979 Birds Directive. Natura 2000 is not a system of strict nature reserves where all human activities are excluded. Most of the land is likely to continue to be privately owned and the emphasis will be on ensuring that future management is sustainable, both ecologically and economically.

10 Natura 2000 network determination of sites in PL introductory (draft) range in the scale 1:100K (year 2004) more detailed determination in the scale 1:25K or 1:50K (year 2007) detailed determination (selected areas) to the scale of individual cadastral parcels if possible

11 Natura 2000 in relation to the cadastral parcels

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15 Cadastre for protected sites Cadastral parcels are used for defining the boundaries of protected sites. Cadaster registry indicates which territory shall be specifically affected by the environmental rights and duties applying to a parcel. Localization of parcels + other descriptive data (from the land registry) allow for determination of the structure (use) of parcels and identification of land owners. On the other hand, we do not have to know all land owners within Natura 2000 area if conservation goals are being achieved through more general mechanisms, e.g. implementation of agri environmental programmes.

16 CADASTRE & AGRI ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMMES

17 Agri environmental programmes environmental protection in agriculture The EU's rural development policy is all about meeting the challenges faced by our rural areas, and unlocking their potential. The agri environmental programs are obligatory political measures in creating a policy of rural areas EU regulation 1257/99

18 Agri environmental programmes environmental protection in agriculture Plan for Development of Rural Areas (PDRA) in Poland (Plan Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich PROW) National Agri Environmental Program (NAEP) integral part of PROW. Axis 2: Improving the environment and the countryside 211, 212. Support for farming in mountain areas and in less favoured areas (LFA), 214. Agri environmental programme, 221, 223. Afforestation of agricultural land and non agricultural land, 226. Restoring forestry production potential damaged by natural disasters and introducing appropriate prevention instruments.

19 Agri env database 1) Information source about: the state of preservation of precious habitats (phytosociological documentation database), variants of agri environmental packets implemented by the farmers. 2) Supports monitoring of nature sensitive areas in which agri environmental programmes are implemented. 3) Supports tasks of experts and other parties involved (e.g. Regional Directorates of Environmental Protection).

20 Input data Location and shapes of: RSS habitat plots location + reports; RSO ornithological plots location + reports; Phyto sociological plots location; Reports analysis from surveys, description of habitat or ornithological plot; Additional data. All in a direct relation to cadastral data.

21 Background data (WMS/WFS): Orthophotomap. Land registry lots with ID numbers, Administrative division, Protected areas. Collected data: RSS/RSO lots (localization, shape, id) Non-harvested areas within lots Centre points of performed phyto-sociological plots

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25 Information products the number and area of agricultural parcels declared in nature related documentation, against the number and area of these parcels declared by their owners to be subsidized by agrienvironmental subsidies, against information on decisions taken by the Agency for the Development and Modernisation of Agriculture on granting or non granting of such subsidies.

26 CADASTRE & High Nature Value (HNV)

27 Common Agricultural Policy & HNV High Nature Value (HNV) farming essential for preserving biodiversity and other environmental goods in many European rural areas, frequently provide a wealth of quality ecosystem services, a vital element to halt biodiversity decline by 2020 and spare whole rural areas in Europe from being abandoned. European Commission CAP towards 2020 (November, 2010) and EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 (May, 2011) propose a generic greening of the EU farm income support.

28 Delimitation of HNV areas Methodology of delimitation of HNV areas Thematic layers CORINE Land Cover; Map of the Hydrographic Division of Poland; European Ecological Network Natura 2000; Database of the National System of Protected Areas; Biological value of forests database; GIS Wetlands database. Reference data Cadastral precincts; boundaries of communes (National Register of Boundaries).

29 Methodology Analyses of spatial thematic data (main steps) Vector conversion to raster (100m x 100m, 1ha), logical sum of layers areas with a high natural value received number 1 and remaining areas receive a 0 neighbourhood analysis method of Focal Statistic ( moving frame ) Averaging values for cadastral precincts.

30 HNV values averaged for precincts

31 CADASTER & SPATIAL PLANNING

32 Cadaster & spatial planning Local planning cadastral parcels as a background data for a given local spatial management plan. Defining sites for new infrastructural investments. Monitoring of land use change Public participation in the planning procedure geoparticipation.

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36 Public participation in spatial planning GIS based tools as support to public participation. web GIS technology is an easy an effective approach to public participation. The current advances in the so called participatory GIS give possibilities to support good governance based on information and knowledge, as well as active involvement of the citizens. Some web GIS applications are equipped with a discussion panel (editing of map objects, introducing comments to the given object) integrating them to the geometric representation of the comments stored in the form of shape file at the working database.

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41 CADASTER & ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

42 New area of application: ECOSYSTEM SERVICES New EU approach to nature conservation in its COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020

43 Categories of ecosystem services (1) regulating services: water quality, water quantity, climate change mitigation (carbon sequestration, carbon substitution); (2) provisioning services: wood fibre, timber (quality for construction), including timber processed locally (value added), hydro energy, wind energy, livestock, fisheries, wood fuel etc. (3) supporting services: biodiversity (benefits stemming from rich biodiversity of the area, e.g biodiversity business potential); (4) cultural services: traditional landscapes, recreation, tourism (incl. agro and ecotourism), traditional crafts/skills, social cohesion, health and wellbeing, outdoor learning.

44 Ecosystem services value of land Wide range of quality (high value) ecosystem services increases the value, despite some land use restrictions imposed in nature sensitive (protected) areas; Ecosystem services and their assessment are becoming an important component strongly connected with: spatial planning, land registry; land valuation; nature protection planning and implementing land use / land management measures and practices.

45 CONCLUSIONS INSPIRE accelerated the broad access to cadastral data. Access to cadastral data is a chance to more precise approach in environmental management, so crucial nowadays. Added value different thematical (e.g. ecosystem services) information can be linked to a particular parcel. Access to new technologies open new application fields like mobile mapping or geoconsultations, with access to correct cadastral data

46 Thank you for your attention! Maria Andrzejewska UNEP/GRID Warsaw Centre Sobieszynska 8 Str., Warsaw maria@gridw.pl Photo by Piotr Andrzejewski