Map Projections. is about presenting the round Earth on a flat surface.map Projections: Vermeer s Cartographer
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1 Map Projections is about presenting the round Earth on a flat surface.map Projections: Vermeer s Cartographer
2 What is a map projection? A projection is a way to make a flat representation of the Earth
3 The only accurate representation of the earth is a globe. Only a globe preserves the map qualities of area, shape, direction, and distance.
4 Why are all map projections distorted? All map projections must distort size, shape, distance, or direction. Watch the following video to find out why:
5 Why do we use maps vs. globes? Brainstorm advantages that maps have over globes and write them below.
6 Distortions Every map MUST have distortions that result from making a 2D representation of a 3D sphere
7 Distortions Shape: the shape is wrong Area: the size is wrong Distance: distance between places is wrong Direction: direction is wrong (north/south aren t the top and bottom of the map, east/west aren t to the sides)
8 Types of Map Projections There are three main types of map projections A. Cylindrical/Mercator B. Conic C. Plane/Planar/Polar/Azimuthal
9 For Mercator projections, please know the following: 1. visual recognition 2. accuracies 3. distortions 4. uses
10 Mercator/Cylindrical Projection
11 Visual Recogintion At what angle to lines of latitude and longitude intersect on a cylindrical projection?
12 Accuracy / Distortions Compare the size of landmasses on the cylindrical projection on the left with the Robinson projection on the right to answer the following questions. Which landmasses appear much larger on the cylindrical projection than they actually are? Which landmasses on the cylindrical projection appear to be accurate in size?
13 Accuracy A C D B What direction would you travel to get from A to B? What direction would you travel to get from C to D? Does direction appear to be accurate on a Mercator Projection?
14 Uses Watch the following video to see a common use of cylindrical/mercator projections
15 Video of cylindrical/mercator projection
16 For Conic projections, please know the following: 1. visual recognition 2. accuracy 3. uses
17 Conic Projection
18 Visual Recognition
19 Watch this: Answer these: What visual clue is covered that will help you recognize a conic projection? (visual recognition) What parts of the world do conic projections show accurately? (accuracy/uses) What is distorted, size or shape? (distortions)
20 For Planar/Polar/Azimuthal projections, please know the following: 1. visual recognition 2. uses
21 Plane/ Planar/ Polar/ Azimuthal Projection
22 Visual Recognition
23 Accuracy Planar projections are accurate at the point the projection touches the map
24 Distortions: Shape distorted at edge of projection.
25 Uses: Great Circle Routes The line created when you cut the globe in half connecting two points
26 Uses: used by pilots because great circle routes appear as straight lines.
27 Compromise Projections With out using the internet or book, what do you think a compromise projection is?
28 For Gall-Peters projections, please know the following: 1. visual recognition 2. Why is considered politically correct?
29 Gall-Peters Projection Compare the Gall-Peters(left) to the cylindrical projection(right). 1. Both projections have latitude & longitude at right angles. What differences do you see between the shape/size of landmasses. 2. Why is the Gall-Peters projection called the politically correct projection?
30 Equal Area Map area (size) is correct but other properties are distorted
31 Conformal Map shape is correct but other properties are distorted
32 VI. The Big Idea A. All map projections have distortions. B. Each projection has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the purpose of the map.
33 Summary Video
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