Adriano Duatti Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara, Italy
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1 Adriano Duatti Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ferrara Via L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara, Italy
2 Strontium-82 Strontium 82 (Sr 82) decays through electron capture to Rubidium 82 (Rb 82) T ½ = days Employed in the fabrication of the transportable 82 Sr/ 82 Rb generator
3 Rubidium-82 ( 82 RbCl) Rubidium 82 (Rb 82) is produced by decay of Strontium 82 (Sr 82) T ½ = 75 seconds Kinetics: Potassium analog High extraction fraction at high flow rates Defects visualized 2 7 minutes after injection
4 Rubidium-82 Cardiac Imaging
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6 85 Rb(p,4n) 82 Sr EC 82 Rb 82 Sr p 85 Rb 4n
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8 Sr-82 EOB vs Proton Energy Yield (mci/μa h) Proton Incident Energy (MeV)
9 Sr-82 EOB vs Proton Energy 10 8 Yield (mci/μa h) Sr 85 Sr Proton Incident Energy (MeV)
10 Production Procedure The nat RbCl (or metallic nat Rb) target is irradiated with a 200 μa proton beam, at 70 MeV, for 5 days to yield the radioisotope Sr 82. Rb-83/84/86 and P-32 are co-produced, but chemically separated. Sr-83 (t 1/2 = 1.35 days) and Sr-85 (t 1/2 = 64.8 days). After irradiation and transfer, the target shuttle remains stored for 6 days inside the hot cell (to allow for the decay of Sr-83) waiting for subsequent chemical processing. After 6-day storage, the encapsulated target is disassembled and the chemical processing started. This includes simple separations by column chromatography to yield a final solution of purified Sr-82.
11 CardioGen-82 (Rubidium Rb-82 Generator) An FDA approved commercial generator (trade name CardioGen-82) is available from Bracco Diagnostics Inc. This generator is composed of a small plastic column (~4 cm (height) x 0.5 cm (diameter) loaded with hydrous tin oxide. The distribution coefficient for Sr ions is about 21,000 and less than 3 for Rb ions when eluted with normal saline solution. The generator is typically loaded with 100 mci (3.7 GBq) of 82 Sr, and infusions are microprocessor controlled.
12 CardioGen-82 (Rubidium Rb-82 Generator)
13 To Date Rb-82 Clinical Use Was Mainly Supply Driven New commercial Arronax Reliability Supply Reliability AND supply BNL, LANL, TRIUMF INR, ithemba
14 Current Sr-82 Production Irradiation is performed at six sites Five of the six sites are not dedicated to radionuclide production but each is instead a unique, expensive to build, maintain and run, relatively old high-energy physics machine. As such their schedules are determined to a major extent by their physicist/engineer owners. This results in an uneven supply chain.
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17 Reliability 6 irradiation sites and 3 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) production sites. Overall procedure involves the following steps: (1) Irradiation (three weeks), (2) Cool down and shipping targets (two weeks), (3) Chemistry (one week), (4) Generator production (one week). If there is a failure anywhere in the process it is almost unrecoverable.
18 Jubilant Life Sciences arm gets US FDA nod for coronary drug Jubilant Life Sciences today said its whollyowned subsidiary has received approval from the US health regulator for RUBY-FILL - Rubidium 82 generator and elution system - used in diagnosis of coronary artery disease in the US market. ETHealthworld.com Oct, 03, 2016
19 New Producers Are Entering the Market
20 Zevacor Molecular Installs Only Commercial 70 MeV Cyclotron Dedicated to Medical Use in the United States Cyclone 70 to stabilize U.S. supply of Strontium 82, produce next generation of radiopharmaceutical products Noblesville, Indiana (September, 10, 2016)
21 Installation of the 70 MeV cyclotron Study of neutronrich nuclei for astrophysiscs Production of high-intensty neutron sources Production of radionuclides for medicine
22 The Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL)
23 The 70 MeV cyclotron installed at Legnaro National Laboratories
24 Acknowledgement Information on Sr-82 production kindly provided by Mr. Adrian Nunn, Executive Director at Bracco Diagnostics Inc., Princeton, NJ, is gratefully acknowledged.
25 Thank You!
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