Studying the Steady State Performance Characteristics of Induction Motor with Field Oriented Control Comparing to Scalar Control

Transcription

1 EJERS, Euopan Jounal of Engining Rach and Scinc Studying th Stady Stat fomanc Chaactitic of nduction Moto with Fild Ointd Contol Compaing to Scala Contol Hamdy Mohamd Soliman Abtact Fild ointd contol i fom th bt mthod to contol th AC div thi i bcau thi mthod of contol tanf th advantag of DC div into AC div. With uing thi mthod of contol, th toqu p amp fo AC machin inca, th dynamic pfomanc bcom high, tanint and tady tat pfomanc bcom impovmnt. Thi pap i compaing btwn th tady tat chaactitic of induction moto with uing th fild ointd contol and cala contol to how th advantag of th fild ointd contol compaing to cala contol. thi tudying not only concnd with contant flux gion but alo focud in th fild wakning gion. Th MATLAB pogam i ud to tudying th tady tat pfomanc chaactitic of induction moto with fild ointd contol and cala contol. ndx Tm Fild ointd contol, nduction moto, Scala contol.. NTRODUCTON nduction moto i pfabl in indutial application du to hav many advantag a low cot, low maintnanc, high opating lif, lf-tating and can b ud in nclod aa uch a min. nduction moto can b opatd und ffct of many mthod of contol uch a cala contol and fild ointd contol. in th cala contol, th induction moto can b contolld in opn loop and clod loop contol [1-4]. Th opn loop contol i pfabl whn high dynamic pfomanc in t quid. n opn loop contol at contant flux gion, th applid voltag on th moto (induction moto) i in potion with fquncy (a magnitud only) to kp th flux inid th machin contant to gt th atd toqu but in th fild wakning gion, th voltag i kpt contant and fquncy inca to gt pd bhind th atd pd and th load toqu i invly popotional th pd. n th fild wakning gion, voltag ach atd valu o thi volt don t inca du to not bun th tato winding. n fild ointd contol, th voltag and fquncy can b contolld in th two gion (contant flux gion and fild wakning gion) a in th cala contol but th voltag i applid a th vcto in th pac [5-7]. Thi pap i ud to compaing btwn th tady tat pfomanc chaactitic of induction moto with uing fild ointd contol and with uing th cala contol in th contant flux gion and in th fild wakning gion to how th Manucipt publihd Augut 31, Hamdy Mohamd Soliman, Th dvlopmnt and ach dicto in Caio Mto Gat, Hlwan, Egypt. (-mail: hamdyoliman123@gmail.com). advantag th fild ointd contol if it i compad to th cala contol. n thi tudy, th un-up chaactitic and th load chaactitic a compad. Thi tudy i mad by MATLAB pogam. Thi pap i dividd a th follow; - ntoduction, - Scala contol of induction moto, - Th ointd contol, V- Simulation ult, V- Concluion.. SCALAR CONTROL OF NDUCTON MOTOR Th opating of th cala contol fo induction moto can b pntd a Fig.1. th opating gion can b claifid into: 1- Contant flux gion 2- Contant pow gion n th contant flux gion, th voltag i applid on th moto i in potion with fquncy to mak th moto flux i contant a th am valu of atd flux to kp th moto toqu at atd. Th mot common poblm in thi gion i at low fquncy wh th voltag dop at th tato itanc cannot b nglctd bcau th moto bcom und xcitd i.. th moto flux i ducd about th atd valu. To olv thi poblm, th voltag dop aco th tato itanc mut compnatd. n contant pow gion, th voltag i kpt contant at atd valu and fquncy inca to gt high pd fo opating gion. n thi gion, th moto voltag don t inca bcau thi i hamful fo th tato winding i.. thy a dignd o a not to xcd th atd valu of th voltag. alo whn thy a opatd in thi gion by am citia of th abov gion, th moto bcom atuatd. Alo in thi gion, du to th voltag don t inca and fquncy inca, th moto toqu i invly popotional to moto pd. Fig 1. ofil of th cala contol Th following quation pnt th mathmatical modl of th induction moto at tady tat fo th tationy fnc fam. 18

2 EJERS, Euopan Jounal of Engining Rach and Scinc ( R JL ) J L (1) V m 0 ( R J L ) J L m (2) S With hlp of voltag Eq. (1-2) th tato cunt can b pntd a V (3) ( ) ( ) ( ) L R R m m ( ) ( L L L L L R J ) ( R ) ( L ) ( R ) ( L ) T L J m ( R J L ) S R 3 m ( ) ( RL ) ( ) m L LL Wh L T 0 m L L m Ll, L L m Ll R R 2 (4) (5) (6) 2 2 3( ) (7) lo in 0 lo (8) 0 X 100 (9) in Wh V i th tato voltag, and oto cunt,,, and oto inductanc, inductanc fo tato and oto, oto itanc T L mchanical moto pd, S i th lip, lo, in 0 L m, a th tato L a th tato, magntizing Ll, R, Ll R a th lakag a th tato and i a dvlopd toqu, i th m i lctical fquncy in ad, i th output pow, lo i th pow i th input pow, i th numb of pol and i th fficincy. Fom Eq. (1-2) th induction moto modl in th tationy fnc fam can b pntd a in Fig.2.. THE FELD ORENTED CONTROL Th fild ointd contol (FOC) mak th induction moto mulat th paatly xcitd DC moto. To undtand thi lt tat with th pincipl toqu quation: T ψψ (10) α in coγ Wh ψ and ψ a tato and oto flux linkag, and Γ a th pac and tim angl btwn tato and oto flux linkag. f it i applid on DC machin it i found that, Th pac angl i qual to and tim angl i 0 bcau th fild com fom DC fild hnc th toqu quation bcom a th follow T αψψ (11) So th toqu bcom maximum valu. By applying thi quation on induction moto, it found that, th pac angl i mall than. Hnc, to vify th am toqu takn fom DC, th oto o tato flux mut b incad, by uch an inca in th tato cunt and hnc it found that, th toqu p amp of DC i high than th toqu p amp of induction moto. By applying th FOC it i found that, th toqu poblm i olvd thi i bcau th pac angl btwn oto flux and tato flux bcom. Fig. 3 how th DC and induction moto pac angl wh it i found that, DC moto ha contant pac angl but induction moto ha vaying on which inca by incaing th load, it ach at maximum load bcau th induction moto i coupling machin. (a) Spac angl btwn oto and tato flux of induction moto Fig.2 nduction moto modl in th tationy fnc fam (b) Spac angl btwn amatu and fild flux of DC moto Fig. 3 Spac angl fo DC moto and induction moto btwn oto and tato flux 19

3 EJERS, Euopan Jounal of Engining Rach and Scinc Whn compaing btwn th amatu cunt fo both of DC moto and induction moto it found that, th amatu cunt of DC moto i mall at low load and inca linaly by incaing th load wh in induction moto, th cunt bcom high at low load and incad by high valu by incaing th load a hown in th Fig. 4 and thi how that, th toqu p amp of DC moto i high than th toqu p amp of induction moto ca, hnc th a many modl to impov th toqu p amp in induction moto by making th pac angl btwn oto and tato fild i alway at any load and pd of th moto. Thi contol i calld FOC which lad to a dca in th tato cunt and an inca in th fficincy and output pow. By applying FOC on th induction moto, input cunt can b dcoupld into flux and toqu cunt componnt [8-10]. Hnc th induction moto with thi contol bcom good fat dynamic pfomanc and good tanint pon, thi i th objctiv fom applying th FOC which implmnt pac angl btwn oto and tato flux. By thi way th induction moto mulat DC moto i.. By applying th FOC it could b contolld in th tato magntic-fild vcto, which i a vcto with two componnt, magnitud and pha angl. Wh by auming that, th angl btwn oto and tato fild vcto i ( ). t affct th toqu accoding to: T = in T max At = 0, (12) Th fild a in quilibium and no toqu i poducd = but whn two fild a ppndicula th maximum toqu i occuing and thi i th goal fom applying th FOC. Fig.4 Vaiation of amatu cunt with load pow in ca of induction moto and DC moto Th following quation pnt th mathmatical modl of th induction moto at tady tat fo FOC (13) Vd = Rd Lq Lmq Vq = Rq Ld (14) 0= S L S L m q (15) q 0= S L q m d T R (16) L q (17) 3 4 T m L 0 m 3 ( d q ) 2 V V in d q (18) (19) lo in 0 Wh (20) V d, V q a th dq ax tato voltag, a th dq ax tato cunt, and cunt. V. SMULATON RESULTS q d, i th q ax oto Th imulation ult of th cala contol and FOC i dicud h fo induction moto which ha moto data in appndix 1. Thi imulation i compad to tady tat cala contol mthod to tady tat FOC mthod to how th ffctivn of th FOC mthod. Th imulation concludd th ca aangd a th follow; 1- Th compaing btwn th un-up chaactitic of induction moto in ca of cala contol and FOC. 2- Th compaing btwn th load chaactitic of induction moto in ca of cala contol and FOC. 3- Th compaing btwn th opating chaactitic of induction moto in contant flux gion and th contant pow gion in ca of cala contol and FOC. A. Fit Ca of Study n thi ca; th un-up chaactitic of induction moto a tudid with cala contol and with th FOC. Th unup tudid though th ca. Th ca a 1- Th fomanc chaactitic of induction moto with contant paamt. 2- Th fomanc chaactitic of induction moto with taking into conidation of th kin ffct on th oto paamt a hown in Fig Th fomanc chaactitic of induction moto with taking into conidation th ffct of tmpatu ai on th moto paamt a hown in Fig. 6. Th oto paamt in th 2 nd ca a computd by uing th knowldg of nam plat and data ht of th moto. Thi data i intoducd into MATLAB pogam fo concluding th cuv hown in Fig. 5. n th 3 d ca, Fig. 6 how th ffct of tmpatu ai on th oto and tato itanc. n all Fig. Convntional man cala contol and ointd man FOC q 20

4 EJERS, Euopan Jounal of Engining Rach and Scinc Fig.8 Vaiation of tato cunt with oto pd Fig.5 Vaiation of oto paamt with lip takn into account th kin ffct Du to inca of th moto toqu with FOC, th output pow inca with FOC compaing to convntional mthod a hown in Fig. 9. Fig.6 Effct of tmpatu on tato and oto itanc Fig.7 how th impovmnt in th moto toqu in all ca of tudy with FOC compaing to cala contol thi bcau th tato flux and oto flux bcom othogonally. Fig.9 Vaiation of output pow with oto pd Du to dca of th tato cunt with FOC, th input pow and pow lo dca with FOC compaing to convntional mthod a hown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 pctivly. Du to inca in th output pow and a dca in th pow lo with FOC, th fficincy inca with FOC compaing to th fficincy with convntional mthod a hown in Fig. 12. Fig.7 Vaiation of toqu with oto pd Th tato cunt with convntional mthod and with FOC can b n in Fig. 8 Wh fom th Fig. t i found that; Th tato cunt i mall with th FOC. Fig. 10 Vaiation of input pow with oto pd 21

5 EJERS, Euopan Jounal of Engining Rach and Scinc Fig. 11 Vaiation of pow lo with oto pd Fig. 14 Vaiation of tato cunt with oto pd Du to inca of th moto pd with FOC, th output pow inca with FOC compaing to convntional mthod a hown in Fig. 15. Fig. 12 Vaiation of fficincy with oto pd B. Scond Ca of Study Th load chaactitic fo induction moto with FOC (ointd) and with cala contol (convntional) a compad h wh fom imulation it i found that; Fig.13 how th vaiation of th moto pd with vaiation of th load toqu wh it i found that; th moto pd with FOC i high than that with convntional mthod at th am toqu thi bcau with th FOC, th induction moto i woking at mall lip. Fig. 15 Vaiation of output pow with oto pd Du to dca of th tato cunt with FOC, th input pow and pow lo dca with FOC compaing to convntional mthod a hown in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 pctivly. Du to inca in th output pow and a dca in th pow lo with FOC, th fficincy inca with FOC compaing to th fficincy with convntional mthod a hown in Fig. 18. Fig. 13 Vaiation of toqu with oto pd Th tato cunt with convntional mthod and with FOC can b n in Fig. 14 Wh fom thi Fig. t i found that; Th tato cunt i mall with th FOC. 22

6 EJERS, Euopan Jounal of Engining Rach and Scinc Fig. 16 Vaiation of input pow with oto pd btwn oto and tato flux i with FOC. 3. Th toqu p amp of fild ointation i high than that of cala contol. Fig. 20 how an impovmnt occuing on th tato cunt whn applying th FOC on th induction moto compaing with cala contol wh it could b concludd that: 1. n contant flux gion, th tato cunt i dictly popotional to th voltag in both of FOC and cala contol. 2. With fild ointation th tato cunt bcom nhancd if compad to cala contol ca, bcau th angl btwn th phao of oto and th tato flux with fild ointation bcom. 3. n fild wakning gion, th tato cunt i invly popotional to th fquncy in both of FOC and cala contol. Alo, th tato cunt with FOC bcom nhancd compaing to cala contol. Fig. 17 Vaiation of pow lo with oto pd Fig.19 Vaiation of toqu with oto pd at diffnt fqunci Fig. 18 Vaiation of fficincy with oto pd C. Thid Ca of Study Th un-up chaactitic of induction moto fo contant flux gion and in fild wakning gion with FOC and with cala contol a tudid h wh fom imulation it i found that; Fig.19 how an impovmnt occuing on th moto toqu whn applying th FOC on th moto compaing to cala contol wh it i found that: 1. n th contant flux gion, th toqu i dictly popotional to th voltag in both of FOC and th cala contol. Whil, in th fild wakning gion, th toqu i invly popotional to fquncy in two contol mthod. 2. With fild ointation, th toqu bcom btt whn compaing with cala toqu. Thi i bcau th angl Fig. 20 Vaiation of tato cunt with oto pd at diffnt fqunci n gnal, by applying th fild ointation, th tato cunt bcom low than it valu with cala contol. Fig. 21 how an impovmnt occud on th output pow whn applying th FOC on th induction moto compaing to th cala contol wh it i found that; 1. n th contant flux gion, th output pow i dictly popotional to voltag in both of FOC and cala contol. 2. n th fild wakning gion, th output pow i invly popotional to fquncy in both of FOC and cala contol. n th two gion, th ointd output pow a wll a ointd toqu bcom impovd compaing to cala output pow i.. with FOC th pfomanc of th moto bcom wll. 23

7 EJERS, Euopan Jounal of Engining Rach and Scinc 2. n fild ointation, th fficincy bcom btt compaing to th cala contol, bcau th i a ight angl btwn oto and tato flux, thi com fom an inca in ointd output pow and a dca in pow lo which inca th fficincy whn compaing to th cala contol fo ach fquncy. Fig. 21 Vaiation of output pow with oto pd at diffnt fqunci H th ffct of fquncy vaiation on th input pow in contant flux gion and in fild wakning gion with two contol mthod i obtaind fom Fig. 22 and fom thi Fig. it i found that: 1. n th contant flux gion, th input pow i dictly popotional to voltag in both contol mthod. Whil, in th fild wakning gion, it i invly popotional to fquncy in both of FOC and cala contol. 2. Th input pow whn applying FOC on moto i l than valu whn uing th cala contol. Thi i du to th dca in th ointd tato cunt whn compad with th cala tato cunt. Fig. 23 how an impovmnt occuing on th pow lo in fild ointation compaing with th cala contol wh it i found that: 1. n th contant flux gion, th pow lo a dictly popotional to voltag in both of FOC and th cala contol. n fild wakning gion, th pow lo a invly popotional to fquncy in both of FOC and cala contol. 2. Th FOC pow lo a btt than th cala pow lo, bcau th i a ppndicula btwn oto and tato flux fo ach fquncy with FOC. Fig. 22 Vaiation of input pow with oto pd at diffnt fqunci Fig. 24 how an impovmnt in th fficincy whn applying th FOC on th induction moto compaing with cala contol wh it i found that: 1. n th contant flux gion, th fficincy i dictly popotional to th voltag in both of FOC and cala contol whil in th fild wakning gion, th fficincy i till impovmnt with FOC but it i dcad with cala contol. Fig. 23 Vaiation of pow lo with oto pd at diffnt fqunci Fig. 24 Vaiation of fficincy with oto pd at diffnt fqunci V. CONCLUSON Th main objctiv of thi pap i to compa btwn th pfomanc chaactitic of induction moto with th FOC and with th cala contol. Wh it i found that; 1. Th induction moto with FOC i btt compad to cala contol du to inca in th toqu, output pow, fficincy and dcaing in th pow lo, tato cunt and input pow. 2. Whn applying th FOC on th induction moto, th paamt a mo nitiv if compad with cala contol. 3. At tating, th atio btwn th valu of ointd tating toqu to th convntional tating toqu ach to mo than 200%. Thi i bcau th angl btwn th oto and tato flux with convntional mthod i at it mallt valu whil in FOC on i till kpt contant. 4. At atd pow lo th load toqu i th atd valu with cala contol but with FOC at atd pow lo th load toqu i high. Thi man that, with FOC th moto i up atd without ovhating. 5. Th toqu p amp with FOC i high than th toqu p amp with cala contol. 6. n contant flux gion, whn tanmittd fom a fquncy to anoth, th vaiation in th pfomanc chaactitic of induction moto a noticabl; thi i bcau th chaactitic a dictly popotional to th voltag whil in fild wakning gion, ffct of thi 24

8 EJERS, Euopan Jounal of Engining Rach and Scinc tanmittd i mall bcau th tato voltag com to it atd valu and fquncy inca. AENDX 1 MOTOR DATA Lin to lin voltag 380V Full load cunt ( f) 1.47A Roto pd (n ) 1400 R..M ol pai 2 Full load toqu (T f) 3.82 N.m ow facto (pf) 0.8 Stato itanc 13 Ohm Stato actanc 10.5 Ohm Magntizing actanc 231 Ohm Roto itanc 2.25S Ohm Roto actanc S Ohm Output pow 0.75 hp T /T f 2.33 T max/t f 2.62 / f 4.22 Efficincy 0.72 REFERENCES [1] M.D. Muphy, F.G Tunball: ow lctonic contol of A.C moto, gamon p, [2] Bo B.K: ow Elctonic and Vaiabl Fquncy Div, EEE, [3] W.B Roink, Analogu contol ytm fo A.C moto with WM vaiabl pd, in pocding of Elctonic Componnt and Application, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 6-15, May [4] B.G. Sta, J.C.F. Van Loon, LS cicuit fo AC moto pd contol, in pocding of Elctonic Componnt and Application, vol. 2, no. 4, pp , Augut [5] F. Blachk, Th incipl of Fild Ointation Applid to th Nw Tanvcto Clod-Loop Contol Sytm fo Rotating Fild Machin, Simn-Rv., vol. 39, pp , [6] D..S.Bimbha, Gnalizd Thoy of Elctical Machiny, Romh Chand Khanna, Dlhi ndia, [7] W. Lonhad, Fild Ointation fo Contolling AC Machin incipl and Application, A tutoial, EE conf. on pow lctonic vaiabl pd div conf. pub. No. 291, London, pp ,1988. [8] R.Kihnan, F.C. Doan, Study of paamt nitivity in high pfomanc and invt fd nduction moto div ytm, EEE Tanaction on nduty Application. Vol. A-23 No.4, pp , [9] R. Kihnan, A.S. Bhadawaj, A Rviw of aamt nitivity and adaptation in ndutial vcto contolld nduction moto div ytm, EEE Tan. on ow Elctonic, Vol.6, No.4, 1991 pp , [10] Hamid.A. Toliyat, Emil Lvi, Mona Raina, A Rviw of RFO nduction moto paamt Etimation Tchniqu, EEE Tanaction on Engy Convion, Vol.18, No.2, pp , D. Hamdy Mohamd Soliman wa bon in Caio-Egypt on 26 th Dcmb 1970, H civd B. Sc. in Elctical ow and Machin Engining fom Hlwan Univity in 1993 and hd Dg fom Caio Univity, Giza, Egypt in 2016.H i a dicto of dvlopmnt and ach of tain unit in Egyptian company mto. Hi cunt ach intt includ moto contol and div ytm. 25