Closed Loop Speed Control of Induction Generator with Scalar-Control Inverters

Transcription

1 Availabl onlin at Eng Pocdia 34 (013 ) th Eco-Eng and Matial cinc and Engining (EME01) Clod Loop pd Contol of Induction Gnato with cala-contol Invt Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan * Dpatmnt of Elctical Engining, Facult of Engining, Chiang Mai Univit 39, Hua Kaw oad, Chiang Mai, 5000 THAILAND Abtact A clod loop pd contol fo an induction gnato i pntd. Th tm wa dvlopd fo a pac vcto modulation-voltag ouc invt and th th-pha quil-cag induction gnato to gulat pd and gnato voltag with cala contol tchniqu. Th aim of thi ach wa to a gnatd voltag with a contant pd at vaiabl mchanical toqu of pim mov. Th imulation ult how a good pfomanc of th tm can b achivd b th popod pd contoll Th Th Autho. Autho. Publihd Publihd b Elvi b Elvi B.V. B.V. Opn acc und CC BY-NC-ND licn. lction and and/o p-viw p-viw und ponibilit und ponibilit of COE of utainalbl of COE Eng of utainabl tm, ajamangala Eng tm, Univit ajamangala of Tchnolog Thanabui Univit (MUTT) of Tchnolog Thanabui (MUTT) Kwod: Induction gnato; pd contol; cala contol; voltag ouc invt 1. Intoduction Nowada, a th-pha quil-cag induction machin opatd a induction gnato ha widl cognizd [1]. Th u of induction gnato ha bn gaining impotanc on th xploitation nwabl ng tm uch a wind ng, mini/mico hdo, bioma and ola ng tc. Th induction gnato ha man advantag ov th DC gnato and th nchonou gnato fo xampl: obut and buhl (quil-cag oto), contuction, uggdn, a of maintnanc, abnc of DC pow uppl fo fild xcitation, duc unit cot and iz, btt tanint pfomanc, lf-potction againt hot-cicuit and lag ovload, tc []-[5]. Howv, th majo dawbac of * Coponding autho. Tl.: to 311; fax: add: t@ng.cmu.ac.th Th Autho. Publihd b Elvi B.V. Opn acc und CC BY-NC-ND licn. lction and p-viw und ponibilit of COE of utainalbl Eng tm, ajamangala Univit of Tchnolog Thanabui (MUTT) doi: /j.gpo

2 37 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) induction gnato a activ pow conumption and lativl poo voltag and fqunc gulation und vaing pim mov pd, xcitation capacito and load chaactitic [6],[7]. Fig. 1 how th lf xcitd induction gnato (EIG) tm. Whn an induction machin i divn at a pd abov th nchonou pd, with an xtnal pim mov, th diction of inducd toqu i vd and thoticall it tat woing a an induction gnato [8]. Fo it opation, th EIG nd a activ pow which mut b a uitabl valu of idual magntim pnt in th oto winding, which poduc a mall voltag, which inca th voltag, and o foth until th voltag i full built up. Th activ pow mut b upplid b conncting a capacito ban aco th gnato tminal [9], a hown in Fig. 1 (a), o b th batt tat-up on th dc-id of voltag ouc invt [10], a hown in Fig. 1 (b). In [11] a mthod i popod fo accuatl pdicting th minimum valu of capacitanc nca to initiat lf-xcitation with a tand-alon induction gnato. It off good tad-tat and tanint pfomanc with build-up of gnat voltag, and th ptubation of th tminal voltag and th tato cunt which ult fom load chang. Howv, thi tchniqu ha limitation in bing computationall intniv. In [10] novl voltag contoll fo tand-alon induction gnato, in which PWM-VI a ud. It i abl to maintain a contant voltag at th tminal of induction gnato duing tp chang in load. Th contoll giv wll a dnamic pon, obut and liabl. Thi pap pnt th dvlopmnt a clod loop pd contol of an induction gnato uing pac vcto modulation tchniqu with cala-contol voltag ouc invt. Th aim of thi ach i to a gulatd oto pd at vaiabl mchanical toqu of pim mov. Th t of thi pap i aangd a follow: ction giv th mathmatical modling of induction gnato bad on otating fnc fam. In ction 3 of thi pap concn th clod loop pd contol of th tm. To valuat th pfomanc of th popod appoach, imulation ult i pntd in ction 4. Finall, ction 5 conclud thi pap. Pim Mov Induction Gnato Load Capacito Ban (a) Pim Mov Induction Gnato AC DC Voltag ouc Invt Batt tat-up Load (b) Fig. 1. lf xcitd induction gnato tm

3 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) Mathmatic Modling of Induction Gnato Th dq-axi quivalnt cicuit of th induction machin in th otating fnc fam a hown in Fig.. Th advantag of th dq-axi modl i it capacit to analz th dnamic and tad tat condition, giving th complt olution of an machin dnamic [1]. + v d - + v q - i d iq L L ( ) q l l q - + d L d (a) i md L m d d + - L ( ) d l l d d q (b) i mq L m d q i d iq Fig.. Equivalnt cicuit of induction gnato in otating fnc fam (dq-axi) Th complt mathmatical modl quation of induction gnato in th otating fnc fam, in which th ion lo and nd-ffct cannot nomall b nglctd, i pntd in th following matix fom [13] v + pl 0 pl 0 i d m d v 0 + pl 0 pl i 0 pl ( w - w ) L ( + pl ) ( w - w ) L i q m d m m q 0 - ( w - w ) L pl - ( w - w ) L ( + pl ) i m m q (1) wh vd, vq a th tato voltag, id, iq a th tato cunt, id, iq a th oto cunt,, a th tato and oto itanc, L, L a th tato and oto lf inductanc, L a th oto lf inductanc, and L m i th mutual inductanc, w, w a th nchonou and oto angula pd (xpd in lctical ad/), p i th diffntial opato, and dqubcipt, w ud to pnt dqaxi.

4 374 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) Th tato and oto flux-linag componnt a givn b L 0 L 0 i d m d 0 L 0 L i () L 0 L 0 i q m q d m d 0 L 0 L i q m q wh, a th tato flux-linag,, a th oto flux-linag. d q d q Th tato and oto cunt componnt can b xpd a a function of th flux-linag componnt: i L 0 - L 0 d m d i 1 0 L 0 - L i L - L 0 L 0 i 0 - L 0 L q m q d m d q m q (3) wh L 1 LL - L. m Th lctomagntic toqu of induction gnato T can b xpd b flux linag and tato cunt a wll. B mathmatical manipulation, val xpion fo th toqu can b obtiand. Th dvlopd lctomagntic toqu i givn b 3pp T ( i - i q d d q) (4) Th mchanical dnamic quation bcom dwmgn, T J + Bw + T (5) m, gn L Th mchanical angula pd of induction gnato w mgn, can b mind b th mchanical dnamic quation a follow: dw gn, 1 pp( T - T m) - Bw (6), gn J

5 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) Thfo, th oto pd n can b ail found out a n gn, 30w gn, (7) pp p wh pp i th numb of pol pai, J i th momnt of intia, B i th vicou cofficint, T m i th pim mov toqu and w gn, i th oto angula pd of induction gnato, wgn, p pwmgn,. Th induction gnato modl with th givn paamt will b ud in th imulation. Nglcting th lo in voltag ouc invt, th pow of induction gnato i givn b 3 P - g ( v i + v i d d q q) (8) 3. Clod Loop pd Contol of Induction Gnato 3.1. cala Contol chm Contant cala contol o voltag/fqunc of induction gnato f to th chm of contolling th toqu and pd b popotionall vaing th voltag with uppl fqunc to maintain ai-gap flux contant and achiv up to atd toqu at an pd b contolling th lip-pd opation [14]. Pim Mov Induction Gnato mgn, Load Voltag ouc Invt AC a b VM DC c V dc Batt tat-up p p gn, * * V * gn, pd Contoll l * f Fig. 3. Contol chm fo th Popod tm. Fig. 3 how th bloc diagam of th contol chm fo th popod tm. Th tm conit of th pow cicuit (pim mov, induction gnato, and voltag ouc invt) and th contol tm. Th contol tm ha an out-loop pd contol and a PI contoll that gnat lip angula pd, which i addd to th pd to gnat th tato fqunc. Th voltag ouc invt civ both * * input th tato voltag fnc V and th tato angula fnc q, which command a th-pha inuoidal gnato b pac vcto modulation (VM) in th voltag ouc invt.

6 376 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) Th gnato toqu can b calculatd a th atio of mchanical pow to th mchanical angula pd. Fo cala contol, th angula pd i lading th tato angula pd. Thfo, th lctomagntic toqu dvlopd in an induction gnato can b xpd [15] T 3V 1 w gn ( ) ( ) + + X + X l l (9) Th gnato will opat abov th nchonou pd. Thfo, th dnominato of (9) i clo to unit and th toqu i vituall popotional to th oto angula fqunc fo contant flux. lip of th induction gnato i convntionall dfind a gn gn p w - w p m, gn wl (10) w w wh V i tato pha voltag, Xl, Xl a tato and oto actanc, gn i lip of th induction gnato, w i nchonou angula pd, w mgn, i mchanical gnato angula pd, and w l i lip angula pd. Und nomal condition, th lip i tpicall v mall. In thi ca, gn? and ( X + X ) gn? (11) l l Thfo, th dvlopd toqu can b appoximatd a T 3V w l (1) w Fom (1), it can b n that th lationhip btwn lctomagntic toqu and lip angula pd if V w i pt contant, lctomagntic toqu dvlopd could b contolld b contolling th lip angula pd. Fom quivalnt cicuit of induction machin, which nglct tato itanc and tato inductanc, and cognizing that th ai gap flux can b givn b aigap V (13) w Thfo, th dvlopd toqu in tm ai gap flux can b appoximatd a T 3 aigap w l (14)

7 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) Fom (14) i v impotant. It indicat that, th lctomagntic toqu T i popotional to lip angula pd w l fo contant flux m opation, o lctomagntic toqu T i popotional to flux m fo contant lip angula pd w l opation. 3.. pd Contol Dign Fom (1), it can b dducd that to contol th toqu dvlopd b gnato, th lip pd nd to b contolld. An induction gnato tm uing a PI-contoll to gulat pd i illutatd in Fig. 4. Th lctomagntic toqu dvlopd can b conidd popotional to th lip angula pd a T w (15) t l wh T w. t, atd l B taing Laplac tanfom of (6) in od min th mchanical angula pd (), which w mgn, i th lationhip btwn th lctomagntic toqu and aum no-pd dpndnt damping tm ( B 0), th mchanical angula pd i xpd a w () mgn, T - T J () () m (16) * mgn, p i l Tatd, T 1 J l T m mgn, PI Contoll Fig.4. pd Contol Loop Fig. 4 how th bloc diagam of th pd contol loop. Thn, th oto angula pd fnc w * () mgn, i compad with th maud oto angula pd w () mgn, to gnat o ignal. Thi ignal i th input of th PI pd contoll that comput th valu of th lip angula pd fnc (). Th output of PI pd contoll can b xpd a ( T m w * l * i * w () + w l p m, gn () - wm, gn () (17) wh p i th popotional gain, i i th intgal gain. Fom Fig. 4, th opn-loop tanf function of th tm auming th pim mov toqu i zo 0), can b givn b

8 378 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) (18) J i t () p M Th clod-loop tanf function of th pd contol tm can b xpd a () H t p i ( + ) J t p t i + + J J (19) Th chaactitic polnomial i t p t i (0) J J Th gnal fom of th chaactitic polnomial of a cond-od tm i givn b + zw + w 0 (1) n n wh w n i th natual angula fqunc fo z 1; z i th damping atio. Th paamt of th PI contoll might b calculatd a p zw n J () t i w J n (3) t 4. imulation ult Th imulation in thi pap ha bn dvlopd in Matlab/imulin nvionmnt. Th induction gnato paamt ud in th imulation a givn in Tabl 1. Tabl 1. Induction gnato paamt 3-pha 0.37 W 30 W 50Hz 4-pol W 30/400V 1.8/1.05A L H n 1360 pm L 1 H L H m

9 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) Fig. 5. Tanint wavfom of induction gnato uing th opn loop contol chm with a tp mchanical toqu Fig. 5 how th imulatd wavfom of th induction gnato tm uing th opn loop contol chm und th condition of th unit tp toqu. Th pim mov gnatd th pim mov toqu T m inca accodingl fom -0. Nm to -.5 Nm at t 0.8 c a hown in Fig. 5 (a). Fig. 5 (b) how th gnato lctomagntic toqu T, it can b n that th induction gnato opat abov nchonou pd in th gnating mod, it poduc a ngativ toqu that acclat th gnato, and th oto pd n gn, inca accodingl fom 150 pm to 1630 pm a hown in Fig. 5 (c). Th wavfom of th tato cunt and tato voltag, a alo givn in Fig. 5 (d) and (), pctivl. Fig. 6 how th imulatd wavfom fo an induction gnato tm uing th pd contol chm. Fig. 6 (a) how th tp unit toqu of pim mov i changd fom -0. Nm to -.5 Nm (Full atd toqu) at t c and thn dcad to -0. Nm at t 3 c. It can b n that th gnato lctomagntic toqu pond quicl. Th oto pd pon of th contol tm i hown in Fig. 6 (b), and th oto pd follow th oto pd fnc, which ha a contant at 1550 pm. Fig. 6 (c) how th tato cunt, which vai with gnato lctomagntic toqu accodingl. In Fig. 6 (d), th tato flux i pt contant duing th uddn mchanical toqu of pim mov chang. It can b n that th tato flux pond quicl whil th tato cunt i adjutd accoding to p lctomagntic gnato toqu contant. Fig. 6 () how th tajctoi of th tato flux in Fig. 6 (d) fo 0 t 3.5 c.

10 380 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) Fig. 6. Tanint wavfom of induction gnato uing th pd contol chm with a tp mchanical toqu 5. Concluion Thi pap ha pntd a pd contoll fo th induction gnato with cala-contol invt. Th div pon with th dignd PI-contoll ha bn uccfull vifid with imulation ult. atifacto pfomanc i obvd at contant pd opation duing vaiabl mchanical toqu of pim mov condition. Th dvlopd contoll ha a impl, fat dnamic pon, liabl and obut. Acnowldgmnt Th wo wa uppotd b th Facult of Engining, Chiang Mai Univit. fnc [1] M.B. Bana haifan, Y. Mohamadzapou, M. Hoinpou, and. Toabzad. Maximum Pow Contol of Gid Connctd Vaiabl pd Wind tm though Bac to Bac Convt. Jounal of Applid cinc 8(3), 008, p [] B. Vnata Pumal, J.K. Chattj. VPWM Implmntation in dpace fo Gnalizd Impdanc Contoll Ud fo lf Excitd Induction Gnation tm. Intnational Confnc on Pow Elctonic, Div and Eng tm. Dcmb 006.

11 Anaphat Upaan and Yuttana Kumuwan / Eng Pocdia 34 ( 013 ) [3] Udaa K. Madawala. Modl and Anali of a Novl Vaiabl-pd Cag Induction Gnato. IEEE Tanaction on Indutial Elctonic, vol. 59, no., Fbua 01, p [4]. Hammadi, N. Hidoui, and L. bita. A DTC-induction-gnato Div chm fo an Iolatd Wind Tubin tm. IEEE Mditanan Elctotchnical Confnc (MELECON), 5-8 Mach 01, p [5]. Haza, P.aathi nama. DC Bu Voltag Build up and Contol in tand-alon Wind Eng Convion tm Uing Dict Vcto Contol of CIM. IECON, Annual Confnc of IEEE 36 th, Novmb 008, p [6] fo mall Wind Eng tm. IEEE Pow Elctonic ocit NEWLETTE 19, 006. [7] T. Ahmd, K. Nihida, M. Naaoa. A Novl tand-alon Induction Gnato tm fo AC and DC Pow Application. IEEE Tanaction on Indut Application, vol. 43, I. 6, Novmb-Dcmb 007, p [8] D. oum, N. Hoin-Zadh and P.J. Wolf. Th Dnamic tabilit Anali of Induction Gnato. Autalaian Univit Pow Engining Confnc (AUPEC 004), 6-9 ptmb 004. [9] T. Ahmd, O. Noo, M. Naaoa. Tminal Voltag gulation Chaactitic b tatic Va Compnato fo a Thpha lf-xcitd Induction Gnato. IEEE Tanaction on Indut Application, vol. 40, no. 3, Jul/Augut 004. [10] G.V. Jaaamaiah and B.G. Fnand. Novl Voltag Contoll fo tand-alon Induction Gnato uing PWM-VI. IEEE Confnc on Indut Application, vol. 1, Octob 006, p [11] T. Ahmd, O. Noo, M. Naaoa. Advanc Contol of PWM Convt with Vaiabl-pd Induction Gnato. IEEE Tanaction on Indut Application, vol. 4, no. 4, Jul/Augut 006. [1] D. oum, M.F. ahman, C. Gantham. Invt upplid Voltag Contol tm fo an Iolatd Induction Gnato Divn b a Wind Tubin. IEEE on Indut Application, vol. 1, p , 003. [13] Bin Wu. High Pow Convt and AC Div. IEEE P and John Wil, Novmb 005. [14] E.G. Maa, J.A. Pomilio. Induction-Gnato-Bad tm Poviding gulatd Voltag with Contant Fqunc. IEEE Tanaction on Indutial Elctonic, vol. 47, no. 4, Augut 000p [15] D. hah,. Nandi. Analtical Appoach to Dign of lip-contoll fo Contant Volt/Hz chm Induction Moto Div uing Moto Nam-pat Dtail. Canadian Confnc on Elctical and Comput Engining, 007, pp