MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Practice Review Ch 1-4 Name Be prepared to show work for problems. (Including formula or unit/cancellation method, setup, significant figures, and all units.) If an English/Metric conversion is required the English/metric conversion factor will be given. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following items does not contain chemicals? A) drain cleaner B) air C) organically grown vegetables D) insecticides E) All of the above contain chemicals. 1) 2) Who discovered the law of conservation of mass? A) Nivaldo Tro B) John Dalton C) John Dalton and Antoine Lavoisier D) Antoine Lavoisier 2) 3) Which of the statements below is NOT part of the scientific method? A) refinement of a hypothesis as needed B) formation of a hypothesis C) testing of a hypothesis by experimentation D) observation and measurement E) All of the above steps are part of the scientific method. 3) 4) Which of the following is an example of an observation? A) Flammable objects contain phlogiston. B) All matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms. C) Reactions occur due to the transfer of electrons. D) When a can of soda pop is opened, a fizzing sound is heard. 4) 5) Which of the following statements about soda pop is FALSE? A) When a can is opened, the pressure release allows carbon dioxide to form bubbles. B) The carbon dioxide is forced to mix with the water by the presence of sugars. C) The molecules important to fizzing are carbon dioxide and water. D) Soda pop is a chemical mixture of mostly sugar, water and carbon dioxide. E) All of the above statements are true. 5) 6) A sample of wood with a mass of 3.0 grams was burned in an open dish. The ashes weighed 1.2 grams. What happened to the rest of the wood? A) The remaining 1.8 grams was converted into heat. B) The remaining mass was destroyed. C) The remaining 1.8 grams was converted into gaseous compounds. D) Nothing, the burned wood simply has a mass of 1.2 grams. 6) 1

2 7) Which statement accurately describes the purpose of experiments? A) Experiments can be replaced by a simple, logical reasoning of known facts. B) Experiments are designed to produce unexplainable results for further investigation. C) Experiments look for other observable predictions of a theory. D) Experiments are designed to produce the results predicted by a theory. 7) 8) There are exactly 2.54 centimeters in 1 inch. When using this conversion factor, how many significant figures are you limited to? A) 1 B) 3 C) ambiguous D) depends on if you are using it in multiplication/division or addition/subtraction E) infinite number of significant figures 8) 9) The correct number of significant figures in the number is: A) 7 B) 4 C)5 D) ambiguous 9) 10) How many in3are in 2.20 cm3? A) B) 36.1 C) 7.45 D) ) 11) Which of the following statements is NOT part of the rules for determining significant figures? A) Non-zero digits at the end of a number are not significant. B) Zeroes to the left of the first non-zero number are not significant. C)Zeroes at the end of a number, but before a decimal are ambiguous. D) Zeroes between two numbers are significant. E) All of the above statements are part of the rules. 11) 12) The correct multiplier for the prefix pico is: A) 10-9 B) C) 10-6 D) ) Which of the following items is a pure substance? A) ice B) seawater C)air D) brass 12) 13) 2

3 14) When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many grams of methane were needed for the reaction? A) 20 B) 40 C)31 D) 4 14) 15) Physical properties are: A) those that a substance displays only through changing its composition. B) those that a substance displays without changing its composition. C) those that cause atoms and molecules to change. D) identical for all solid matter. 15) 16) In order, what is the freezing point, room temperature and boiling point of water according to the Celsius scale? A) B) C) D) ) 17) The nucleus of an atom consists mainly of A) protons, neutrons, and electrons B) neutrons and electrons. C) protons and neutrons. D) protons and electrons. 17) 18) Group 1A elements are also called: A) alkali metals. B) alkaline earth metals. C) halogens. D) noble gases. 18) 19) Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Thomson? A) created the modern periodic table B) discovered the existence of electrons C) proposed the modern Atomic Theory D) ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was continuous 19) 20) Which statement about a hypothesis is TRUE? A) It has the potential to be proven wrong. B) It is part of the scientific method. C) It is a tentative interpretation or explanation. D) It can be tested by experiments. E) All of the above statements are true. 20) 3

4 21) What is the definition of a scientific theory? A) a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones B) a model that explains the underlying reasons for observations and laws C)a method of learning that emphasizes reason as the way to understand the world D) the equivalent of a scientific opinion which others may disagree with 21) 22) The correct prefix for the multiplier 0.1 is: A) pico. B) deci. C) tera. D) femto. 22) 23) The decimal value 1,000 is equal to which exponential? A) 100 B) 104 C)103 D) ) 24) If a particular process is endothermic, the reverse process must be a (an) A) isothermal process. B) exothermic process. C) chemical change. D) endothermic process. 24) 25) Which statement below is NOT consistent with the nuclear theory of the atom as proposed by Rutherford? A) Electrical charge is a fundamental property of protons and electrons in which like charges repel and opposite charges attract. B) Most of the volume of the atom is empty space occupied by tiny, negatively charged electrons. C)Most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus. D) There are as many electrons outside the nucleus as there are protons inside the nucleus in a neutral atom. E) All of the above statements are consistent. 25) 26) Which of the following is an example of a scientific theory? A) All matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms. B) In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. C) Flammable objects contain phlogiston. D) When a can of soda pop is opened, a fizzing sound is heard. 26) 4

5 27) The multiplier is represented by which prefix? A) milli- B) deci- C) centi- D) kilo- 27) 28) How would you classify salt water? A) mixture-heterogeneous B) pure substance-compound C) pure substance-element D) mixture-homogeneous 28) 29) A fictional element has two naturally occurring isotopes with the natural abundances shown here: ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE % % Which statement is true for this element? A) The atomic mass would be closer to 18 than to 20. B) The atomic mass would be less than 18. C)The atomic mass would be exactly 19. D) The atomic mass would be greater than 20. E) The atomic mass would be closer to 20 than to ) The key to success in chemistry is: A) mathematical skills. B) curiosity. C) commitment. D) practice. E) all of the above 29) 30) 31) Determine the answer to the following equation with correct number of significant figures: (4.123 x 0.12) = A) B) 25 C) D) ) 32) How many significant digits should be reported in the answer to the following calculation? (5.0032) x ( ) = A) 4 B) 2 C)3 D) 1 32) 5

6 33) The wavelength of blue light is m. Express this wavelength in scientific notation. A) 4.5 x 106 B) 4.5 x 10-7 C)4.5 x 10 7 D) 4.5 x 10-6 E) 0.45 x ) 34) How many microliters are in 41.0 ml? A) B) 4.10 x 104 C)4.1 x D) 4.1 x ) 35) Determine the answer to the following equation with correct number of significant figures: = A) B) 10.1 C) D) ) 36) Determine the answer to the following equation with correct number of significant figures: x 1.9 = A) B) 22.3 C)22 D) ) 37) How would the number 8,155 be written in scientific notation? A) x 101 B) x 10-3 C)8.155 x 10-1 D) x ) 38) A solid form of matter in which there is long range repeating order is called? A) amorphous B) fixed C) rigid D) crystalline 38) 6

7 39) Consider the following specific heats of metals. 39) Metal Specific Heat (J/g C) Aluminum Copper Gold Iron Silver If the same amount of heat is added to 50.0 g samples of each of the metals, which are all at the same temperature, which metal will reach the highest temperature? A) silver B) aluminum C) copper D) gold E) iron 40) From the following list of substances and heat capacities, choose the one that will have the lowest temperature after absorbing kj of heat. Assume identical masses of each substance start at the same initial temperature. A) water-4.18 J/g C B) ethanol-2.42 J/g C C) copper J/g C D) lead J/g C E) not enough information 40) 41) An atom that has the same number of neutrons as 138 Ba is 56 A) La B) Ba C) Xe D) Cs 41) 42) How many protons are found in C-14? A) 14 B) 0 C)8 D) 6 42) 43) How many electrons would be in a -2 charged anion of sulfur? A) 16 B) 18 C)36 D) 2 43) 7

8 44) Nonmetals are located where on the periodic table? A) middle B) zig-zag diagonal line C)left side D) right side 44) 45) The atomic mass unit is defined as: A) 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons. B) the mass of electrons found in a carbon atom containing six protons and neutrons. C)1/14 the mass of a nitrogen atom containing 7 protons and 7 neutrons. D) the mass of the hydrogen atom containing only one proton. 45) 46) The common English unit in which the speed of an automobile is expressed is miles/hr. What is the set of standard SI units for speed? A) mile/s B) km/s C)m/s D) km/hr. 46) 47) A plastic block has dimensions of 2.2 cm x 3.0 cm x 1.5 cm and a mass of 12.4 grams. Will the block float in water and why? A) Yes, because the density of the block is 0.80 g/ml which is less than the density of water. B) No, because the density of the block is 1.3 g/ml which is greater than the density of water. C)No, because the density of the block is 0.80 g/ml which is greater than the density of water. D) Yes, because the density of the block is 1.3 g/ml which is less than the density of water. 47) 48) The standard SI unit for temperature is: A) atmospheres. B) Kelvin. C) Celsius. D) Fahrenheit.. 48) 49) How many neutrons are present in Ne-22? A) 10 B) 32 C)22 D) 12 49) 50) What is the charge on an ion that has an atomic number of 27 and contains 26e-? A) 1- B) 1+ C)2+ D) 2-50) 8

9 51) Group 7A elements are also called: A) halogens. B) alkaline earth metals. C) noble gases. D) alkali metals. 51) 52) Determine the answer to the following equation with correct number of significant figures: = A) B) C)81 D) ) 53) Determine the answer for the equation below with correct number of significant figures: x = A) 195 B) C) D) ) 54) What is the atomic symbol for tin? A) Ti B) Si C)Sn D) Tn 54) 55) How many significant digits should be reported in the answer to the following calculation? (95.43)( ) = (0.0090) A) 3 B) 2 C)1 D) 4 56) What is the charge on the barium ion? A) 2+ B) 2- C)1- D) 1+ 55) 56) 9

10 57) How many milliliters are in 17.5 L? A) 1.75 x 104 B) 1.75 x 10-2 C)175 D) 1.75 x ) 58) How many electrons are in Br-? A) 4 B) 7 C)36 D) 34 58) 59) How many inches are in 15.3 cm? A) 12.8 B) 38.9 C) 6.02 D) ) 60) How many neutrons are found in Cr-54? A) 0 B) 54 C)30 D) 24 60) TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 61) Chemistry is the science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying living organisms. 61) 62) An established theory is the pinnacle of scientific understanding. 62) 63) Chemicals make up everything around you, including your own body. 63) 64) The decimal number expressed in scientific notation is 2.10 x ) 65) If you know the density of of a liquid and its volume, the mass of the liquid may be calculated using the equation: m = V/d. 65) 66) The mass of an object, 4.55 x 10-3 g, expressed in decimal notation is g. 66) 67) Liquid and gas molecules can be compressed while in a solid, the molecules are incompressible. 67) 68) Gases are the only form of matter that is compressible. 68) 69) An atom is the smallest identifiable unit of a compound. 69) 10

11 70) The scientific method emphasizes reason as the way to understand the world. 70) 71) Exact numbers have an unlimited number of significant figures. 71) 72) Matter can be destroyed in a combustion reaction (such as burning fuel). 72) 73) The smell of the ocean is caused by atoms. 73) 74) Atoms and molecules determine how matter behaves. 74) 75) You do not need to write units in calculations as long as you can remember them. 75) 11

12 Answer Key Testname: PRACTICE REVIEW 1-4 1) E 2) D 3) E 4) D 5) B 6) C 7) C 8) E 9) A 10) A 11) A 12) B 13) A 14) D 15) B 16) A 17) C 18) A 19) B 20) E 21) B 22) B 23) C 24) B 25) A 26) A 27) A 28) D 29) E 30) E 31) D 32) A 33) B 34) B 35) A 36) C 37) D 38) D 39) D 40) A 41) C 42) D 43) B 44) D 45) A 46) C 47) B 48) B 49) D 50) B 12

13 Answer Key Testname: PRACTICE REVIEW ) A 52) D 53) A 54) C 55) B 56) A 57) A 58) C 59) C 60) C 61) FALSE 62) TRUE 63) TRUE 64) TRUE 65) FALSE 66) FALSE 67) FALSE 68) TRUE 69) FALSE 70) FALSE 71) TRUE 72) FALSE 73) TRUE 74) TRUE 75) FALSE 13