Name /100. 1) Matter is defined as anything that is visible to the human eye. 1) 2) An amorphous solid has long range, repeating order.

Transcription

1 Ch 3 Matter and Energy Study Sheet Accelerated Chemistry Name /100 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Matter is defined as anything that is visible to the human eye. 1) 2) An amorphous solid has long range, repeating order. 2) 3) In a solid substance, the atoms or molecules oscillate and vibrate about a fixed point. 3) 4) Liquid and gas molecules can be compressed while in a solid, the molecules are incompressible. 4) 5) A compound is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. 5) 6) Water is a mixture. 6) 7) Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture. 7) 8) Air is a pure substance. 8) 9) Sugar is a pure substance. 9) 10) Chemical properties of a substance are those that can be observed without changing the composition of a substance. 10) 11) Flammability of gasoline is a chemical property. 11) 12) The odor of gasoline is a chemical property. 12) 13) In a chemical reaction, the substances present after the chemical change are called reactants. 13) 14) The melting of ice is a physical change. 14) 15) Mixtures of miscible liquids that differ in their boiling points may be separated by distillation. 15) 16) The corrosion of iron is a physical change. 16) 17) An example of a chemical change is burning a wood log to give a pile of ashes. 17) 18) In physical changes, the atoms or molecules that compose the matter do not change their identity, even though the matter may change its appearance. 18) 19) A chemical change occurs when matter does not change its composition. 19) 1

2 20) Matter can be destroyed in a combustion reaction (such as burning fuel). 20) 21) The energy of position is called kinetic energy. 21) 22) A moving bowling ball has kinetic energy. 22) 23) A melting scoop of ice cream is an example of an exothermic process. 23) 24) When a chemical "cold pack" is activated, the chemical reactants absorb heat from the surroundings. 24) 25) The process of boiling water is an endothermic process. 25) 26) A chemical change that will lower the potential energy of the chemical results in an endothermic reaction. 26) 27) Temperature is simply a measure of the motion of atoms and molecules. 27) 28) Temperature is defined as the transfer of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference. 28) 29) The coldest temperature possible is 0 K. 29) 30) Absolute zero is equivalent to a temperature of -273 K. 30) 31) The temperature of 0 F is colder than the temperature of 0 C. 31) 32) The amount of heat energy needed to increase the temperature of an object will vary depending on the heat capacity of the object. 32) 33) The heat capcity of a substance is the quantity of thermal heat required to change the temperature of a given amount of the substance by 100 C. 33) 34) The large heat capacity of water produces large fluctuations in temperature near bodies of water during the summer months. 34) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 35) Which of the following statements about matter is FALSE? 35) A) Matter is smooth and continuous. B) Matter occupies space and has mass. C) Matter is ultimately composed of atoms. D) Matter exists in either a solid, liquid or gas state. 36) Which of the following is NOT an example of matter? 36) A) heat from a burning candle B) a dust particle C) a pencil eraser D) a balloon full of helium 2

3 37) A solid form of matter in which there is long range repeating order is called. 37) A) rigid B) fixed C) crystalline D) amorphous 38) Which state of matter has atomic spacing that is close together and indefinite shape? 38) A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) plasma 39) Which state of matter has indefinite shape and is compressible? 39) A) gas B) solid C) liquid D) plasma 40) Which state of matter has atomic spacing that is close together and definite shape? 40) A) plasma B) liquid C) gas D) solid 41) Which among the following statements is FALSE? 41) A) Both solids and liquids are incompressible while gases are compressible. B) A liquid has a definite volume; but it has no definite shape. C) A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. D) none of the above 42) Which state of matter has atomic spacing that is far apart and definite shape? 42) A) liquid B) solid C) gas D) none of the above 43) A pure substance is: 43) A) composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions. B) composed of only one type of atom or molecule. C) composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that has constant composition. D) composed of two or more regions with different compositions. 44) Which of the following items is a pure substance? 44) A) seawater B) brass C) ice D) air 45) Which of the following items is a mixture? 45) A) water B) sugar C) helium D) brass 46) Which of the following is a heterogenous mixture? 46) A) sugar water B) air C) milk D) raisin bran E) none of the above 47) Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? 47) A) molten iron B) trail mix C) stainless steel D) water 3

4 48) Which of the following statements about compounds is TRUE? 48) A) A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. B) A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. C) A pure substance that has variable composition throughout. D) A substance that is not as common as pure elements. 49) Which of the following statements is FALSE? 49) A) Matter may be a pure substance or it may be a mixture. B) A pure substance may either be an element or a compound. C) A mixture may be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. D) All of the above statements are true. 50) How would you classify salt water? 50) A) mixture-homogeneous B) mixture-heterogeneous C) pure substance-compound D) pure substance-element 51) How would you classify raisin bran? 51) A) pure substance-element B) mixture-heterogeneous C) pure substance-compound D) mixture-homogeneous 52) How would you classify sugar? 52) A) mixture-heterogeneous B) mixture-homogeneous C) pure substance-compound D) pure substance-element 53) A solution is an example of a (an) 53) A) pure substance. B) element. C) homogeneous mixture. D) heterogeneous mixture. 54) Physical properties are: 54) A) those that a substance displays without changing its composition. B) those that cause atoms and molecules to change. C) identical for all solid matter. D) those that a substance displays only through changing its composition. 55) All of the following can be considered physical properties EXCEPT 55) A) color. B) taste. C) flammability. D) density. 56) Which of the following items is a physical property? 56) A) the odor of spearmint gum B) the corrosive action of acid rain on granite C) the tarnishing of a copper statue D) the combustion of gasoline 57) Which of the following items is a chemical property? 57) A) the paint color on a new red Corvette B) the melting and boiling point of water C) the odor of spearmint gum D) the tarnishing of a copper statue 4

5 58) Which of the following statements about physical and chemical changes is FALSE? 58) A) In a chemical change, matter changes its composition. B) In a physical change, matter does not change its composition. C) Phase changes are always physical changes. D) All of the above statements are true. 59) If you hold a solid piece of pure gallium metal in your hand, your body heat will melt the gallium into its liquid form. This illustrates which of the following? A) chemical change B) chemical property C) distillation D) physical change 59) 60) Which statement below best describes the process of the paint on a vehicle fading over time? 60) A) Chemical change because the paint molecules are changing composition. B) Chemical change because the paint molecules are changing phases. C) Physical change because the paint molecules have risen to the surface of the clear coat finish. D) Physical change because the paint molecules are still paint molecules. 61) When methane is burned with oxygen the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 36 grams of water and 44 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of methane, how many grams of oxygen were needed for the reaction? A) 80 B) 32 C) 96 D) 64 61) 62) When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 18 grams of water from 8 grams of methane and 32 grams of oxygen, how many grams of carbon dioxide were produced in the reaction? A) 18 B) 40 C) 22 D) 58 62) 63) When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many grams of methane were needed for the reaction? A) 40 B) 20 C) 4 D) 31 63) 64) Which of the following statements about energy is FALSE? 64) A) Energy is the capacity to do work. B) An object possessing energy can do work on another object. C) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. D) Energy is the single main component of the universe. 65) Which type of energy is associated with motion? 65) A) electrical B) kinetic C) chemical D) potential 66) Which type of energy is associated with position? 66) A) chemical B) electrical C) kinetic D) potential 67) What type of energy is associated with the burning of gasoline? 67) A) kinetic B) electrical C) potential D) chemical 5

6 68) Which of the following items is NOT a common unit of energy? 68) A) calorie B) joule C) kilowatt-hour D) torr E) none of the above 69) How many calories are there in a 255 Calorie snack bar? 69) A) B) C) 60.9 D) ) How many joules are there in a 255 calorie snack bar? 70) A) B) C) D) ) How many kilojoules are there in 95.0 Calories? 71) A) 22.7 B) 397 C) D) ) If a particular process is endothermic, the reverse process must be a (an) 72) A) endothermic process. B) chemical change. C) isothermal process. D) exothermic process. 73) An energy diagram that shows the reactants having greater energy than the products illustrates an A) exothermic reaction. B) isothermic reaction. C) impossible reaction. D) endothermic reaction. 73) 74) If a solid piece of shiny sodium metal is exposed to chlorine gas, a large amount of heat is released and the white solid sodium chloride (table salt) forms. Based on this information, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Sodium chloride is an element. B) This process was exothermic. C) Mass is lost during this process. D) none of the above 74) 75) In order, what is the freezing point, room temperature and boiling point of water according to the Fahrenheit scale? A) B) C) D) ) 76) In order, what is the freezing point, room temperature and boiling point of water according to the Celsius scale? A) B) C) D) ) 77) The boiling point of water is (1) 212 F (2) 0 C (3) 373 K A) 2 and 3 only B) 1 and 2 only C) 1 and 3 only D) all of 1, 2, and 3 77) 78) What is the value of 27 C on the Kelvin temperature scale? 78) A) 246 B) 81 C) 300 D) 273 6

7 79) What is the value of 27 C on the Fahrenheit temperature scale? 79) A) -6.8 B) 300 C) 106 D) 81 80) What is the value of 98 F in units of C? 80) A) 371 B) 37 C) 22 D) 72 81) What is the value of 335 K on the Celsius temperature scale? 81) A) 66.4 B) 62 C) 608 D) ) Melting point can be defined as the temperature when a solid becomes a liquid. The melting point of the chemical acetone is -95 C. Which state of matter would you expect to exist for acetone at a temperature of -94 C? A) gas B) liquid C) solid D) plasma 82) 83) In calculating the relationship between the amount of heat added to a substance and the corresponding temperature change, the specific heat capacity is usually represented by which symbol? A) T B) q C) C D) m 83) 84) A 15.0 gram lead ball at 25.0 C was heated with 40.5 joules of heat. Given the specific heat of lead is J/g C, what is the final temperature of the lead? A) 46.1 C B) C C) 21.1 C D) 77.8 C 84) 85) What is the specific heat (J/g C) of a metal object whose temperature increases by 3.0 C when 17.5 g of metal was heated with 38.5 J? A) 4.18 B) 0.15 C) 1.4 D) ) 86) How much heat (kj) is needed to raise the temperature of grams of water from 25.0 C to 50.0 C? A) 10.5 B) C) D) ) 87) From the following list of substances and heat capacities, choose the one that will have the lowest temperature after absorbing kj of heat. Assume identical masses of each substance start at the same initial temperature. A) copper J/g C B) ethanol-2.42 J/g C C) water-4.18 J/g C D) lead J/g C 87) 7

8 88) Consider the following specific heats of metals. 88) Metal Specific Heat (J/g C) Aluminum Copper Gold Iron Silver If the same amount of heat is added to 50.0 g samples of each of the metals, which are all at the same temperature, which metal will reach the highest temperature? A) copper B) gold C) aluminum D) silver 89) When 49.5 J of heat was transferred to 7.3 g iron at 22 C, the temperature of iron increases to 37 C. What is the specific heat of iron in J/g C? A) 0.45 B) 2.2 C) 4.5 D) 24 89) 90) Suppose it took 108 joules of energy to raise a bar of gold from 25.0 C to 29.7 C. Given that the specific heat capacity of gold is J/g C, what is the mass (in grams) of the bar of gold? A) g B) g C) g D) g 90) 91) How many Calories are in calories? 91) A) B) 2,404 C) D) 575,000 92) How many joules are in 55.2 calories? 92) A) 55,200 B) 13,200 C) 13.2 D) ) What is the value of -25 C on the Kelvin scale? 93) A) -32 B) 248 C) -13 D) ) What is the value of 27 C on the Fahrenheit scale? 94) A) 52 B) 73 C) 91 D) 81 95) What is the value of 783 K in units of C? 95) A) 510. B) 417 C) 1441 D) ) Given the table of specific heat values below, what is the identity of a 10.0 g metal sample that increases by 14.0 C when 62.9 J of energy is absorbed? 96) Element Specific Heat(J/g C) Au Ag Cu Fe Al A) Al B) Au C) Fe D) Ag 8

9 97) Given the table of specific heat values below, what is the identity of a 26.2 g metal sample that increases by 8.5 C when J of energy is absorbed? 97) Element Specific Heat(J/g C) Au Ag Cu Fe Al A) Al B) Au C) Ag D) Fe 98) How much heat (kj) is absorbed by g of water in order for the temperature to increase from C to C? A) 29.7 B) 7.5 C) 30.2 D) ) 99) What is the final temperature of 25.0 grams of water at 22.0 C after it absorbs 454 J of heat? 99) A) 26.3 B) 15.8 C) 4.29 D) ) How many grams of water when supplied with 348 J of heat will gain a temperature of 5.2 C? 100) A) 17 B) 19 C) 16 D) 15 9