10. What word is used to describe properties of a substance that depend on the quantity of substance? Give two examples of such properties.
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1 1. In which state does matter have a definite shape and volume? 2. In which state of matter are forces between particles least dominant? 3. What kind of change does not alter the composition or identity of the substance undergoing the change? 4. Conversion of ice to liquid water or liquid water to steam is an example of what kind of change? 5. In one sentence, explain clearly what is meant by a "chemical change". 6. What type of change is represented by the decay of a fallen tree? 7. Give an example of a chemical property of iron metal. 8. What do we call the starting and final materials in a chemical reaction? 9. What type of property of matter is independent of the quantity of the substance? 10. What word is used to describe properties of a substance that depend on the quantity of substance? Give two examples of such properties. 11. What is meant in chemistry by the term "pure substance"? 12. What are two kinds of pure substance? 13. Explain what is meant in chemistry by the word "compound". 14. What are the two classes of mixtures? 15. Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture. 16. What kind of mixture is a solution of alcohol and water? 17. Which of the following terms are appropriate in describing an apple? pure substance; element; compound; mixture; homogeneous; heterogeneous 18. List the three primary particles found in an atom. 19. What quantity does the mass number minus the atomic number represent? 20. In a neutral atom, what number of particles is equal to the number of protons? 21. Given that helium has an isotope 4 2 He, in a helium atom. predict the number of electrons 22. How many neutrons are present in an atom of the isotope 3 7 Li? 23. What is the value of the mass number in the isotope I? 24. What is the term for atoms of the same element having different masses due to a different number of neutrons? Page 1
2 25. What is the process by which certain isotopes emit particles and release large amounts of energy? 26. What do we call electrically charged particles that result from the gain of one or more electrons by a parent atom? 27. Dalton proposed that all atoms of an element have identical properties. Briefly, explain why this proposal is invalid. 28. J. J. Thomson in 1897 announced that cathode rays consisted of a stream of. 29. In one sentence, state Rutherford's important contribution to our knowledge of atomic structure. 30. A more general term for "light" is (two words). 31. What word means the study of wavelengths of light emitted and absorbed by atoms? 32. In Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, what is an "orbit"? 33. In Bohr's theory of the atom, what is the number n (n = 1, 2, 3, ) called? 34. In one sentence, explain the meaning/consequences of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. 35. In modern atomic theory, Bohr's orbits are replaced by atomic orbitals. What is an atomic orbital? 36. Which state of matter has no definite shape or volume? A. liquid B. solid C. vapor D. steam E. gas 37. Which of the following is NOT a physical property of matter? A. odor B. compressibility C. flash point D. melting point E. color 38. What kind of change does NOT alter the composition or identity of the substance undergoing the change? A. molecular B. endothermic C. exothermic D. physical E. chemical Page 2
3 39. What kind of change always results in the formation of new materials? A. molecular B. exothermic C. endothermic D. physical E. chemical 40. Which of the following is a chemical property? A. flammability B. color C. hardness D. odor E. taste 41. Which one of the following is an example of an extensive property? A. density B. specific gravity C. mass D. hardness E. boiling temperature 42. Which one of the following is an example of a pure substance? A. ethyl alcohol B. sugar water C. salt and pepper D. milk E. sand 43. Air is a/an A. element B. compound C. mixture D. molecule E. pure substance 44. What type of mixture is represented by a collection of salt and pepper? A. atoms B. molecules C. solution D. heterogeneous E. homogeneous 45. What kind(s) of particles can be found in the nucleus of an atom? A. protons B. neutrons C. electrons D. protons and electrons E. protons and neutrons Page 3
4 46. The total mass of the protons in any neutral atom is about times the total mass of electrons in the atom. A B. 0.3 C. 1 D. 2 E What is the quantity represented by the mass number minus the atomic number? A. number of atoms B. number of neutrons C. number of electrons D. number of protons E. number of particles in the nucleus 48. Which isotope of hydrogen has two neutrons? A. hydrogen-1 B. hydrogen-2 C. hydrogen-3 D. deuterium E. H Which of the following accounts for the fact that chlorine has an atomic mass of amu rather than a whole number? A. isotopes B. electrons C. protons D. radioactivity E. isomers 50. Who discovered that cathode rays consist of a stream of negative particles, electrons? A. Crookes B. Thomson C. Geiger D. Rutherford E. Bohr 51. Who discovered the existence of the atomic nucleus? A. Crookes B. Thomson C. Geiger D. Rutherford E. Bohr 52. In Geiger's experiment which led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus, what type of particle or ray was fired at the gold foil target? A. alpha B. beta C. gamma D. neutrons E. cathode rays Page 4
5 53. Which of the following statements relating to Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, is incorrect? A. The lowest energy orbit has quantum number n = 1 B. The highest energy orbits are furthest from the nucleus C. In a transition from the n = 3 to the n = 1 level, light is emitted D. Energy differences between energy levels can be calculated from the wavelengths of the light absorbed or emitted E. The greater the energy difference between two levels, the longer the wavelength of the light absorbed or emitted 54. Who proposed that electrons could behave like waves, as well as like particles? A. Thomson B. Rutherford C. Bohr D. de Broglie E. Heisenberg 55. T F The term "solution" refers only to homogeneous mixtures of liquids. 56. T F In the calcium atom represented by the symbol Ca,there are 20 protons, 20 neutrons and 20 electrons. 57. T F All atoms of a particular element have identical properties. 58. T F An atom cannot be created, divided, destroyed or converted to any other type of atom. 59. T F The atomic number of an ion tells us the number of protons that are present. 60. T F If an atom gains one electron, it becomes a cation. 61. T F The first experimentally based theory of atomic structure was proposed by John Dalton. 62. T F J. J. Thomson was the first to state that an atom is mostly empty space. 63. T F Short wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation have more energy than long wavelengths. 64. T F Rutherford was the first to use the term "orbit" to explain the fixed energy levels of electrons. 65. T F Niels Bohr developed a theory which accounted for the lines in the visible region of the hydrogen spectrum. Page 5
6 Answer Key for Test "CHAPTER2.tst", 8/17/04 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test Correct Answer solid gas physical physical A chemical change results in different substance(s) from those initially present chemical its tendency to form rust when exposed to the atmosphere reactants and products intensive extensive; mass, volume and others The substance consists of only one component; it has a fixed composition throughout elements and compounds a pure substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite ratio homogeneous and heterogeneous concrete, salt and pepper, smoky air and others homogeneous mixture; heterogeneous proton, electron, and neutron number of neutrons number of electrons isotopes radioactive decay anions Isotopes of an element have different properties, particularly their mass electrons He concluded that atoms have a small, heavy, positively charged nucleus surrounded largely by empty space, occupied by electrons electromagnetic radiation spectroscopy An orbit is a circular path followed by the electron quantum number It is impossible to know the exact position and momentum of a particle, such as an electron in an atom It is a region of space where an electron is likely to be found; or, an electron "cloud" E C D E A C A C D E Page 1
7 Answer Key for Test "CHAPTER2.tst", 8/17/04 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test Correct Answer E B C A B D A E D F T F F T F T F T F T Page 2
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