UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY"

Transcription

1 UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY VOCABULARY: Allotrope Electron Configuration Nuclear Charge Anion Element Nucleons Atom Excited state Nucleus Atomic Mass Ground state Orbital Atomic Mass unit (a.m.u.) Ion Proton Atomic number Isotope Quantum Theory Bohr model Kernel electron(s) Valence electron(s) Cation Lewis Dot Diagram Wave-mechanical model Compound Mass number Electron Neutron OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the unit you will be able to do the following: Discuss the evolution of the atomic model Relate experimental evidence to models of the atom Identify the subatomic particles of an atom (electron, proton, and neutron) Know the properties (mass, location, and charge) of subatomic particles Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in a neutral atom and an ion Calculate the mass number and average atomic weight of an atom Differentiate between an anion and a cation Distinguish between ground and excited state Identify and define isotopes Write electron configurations Generate Bohr diagrams Differentiate between kernel and valence electrons Draw Lewis Dot Diagrams for an element or an ion

2 THE EVOLUTION OF THE ATOMIC MODEL Atom 1.) basic building block of matter 2.) cannot be broken down chemically 3.) a single unit of an element Dalton (cannonball model) FOUNDER of the atomic theory Dalton s Postulates: 1. All matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms 2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. Atoms of different elements have different masses and different properties 3. Compounds are formed by a combination of 2 or more atoms 4. Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or converted into other kinds of atoms during chemical reactions CANNONBALL MODEL: SPHERICAL UNIFORM DENSITY J.J.Thomson (plum pudding model) EXPERIMENT: Used a CATHODE RAY TUBE with charged electrical field (+/-) o Cathode ray deflected BY NEGATIVE electrode TOWARD POSITIVE electrode Discovered SUBATOMIC PARTICLE called the ELECTRON: 1. SMALL 2. NEGATIVELY CHARGED PLUM PUDDING MODEL: POSITIVE PUDDING NEGATIVE ELECTRONS EMBEDDED (just like raisin bread)

3 Rutherford (nuclear model) EXPERIMENT: Conducted the GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT where he BOMBARDED a thin piece of GOLD FOIL with a POSITIVE STREAM OF ALPHA PARTICLES Expected virtually all alpha particles to pass straight through foil Most passed through, but some were severely deflected (see diagram above) NUCLEAR MODEL: The ATOM is MOSTLY EMPTY SPACE At the center of the atom is a DENSE, POSITIVE CORE called the NUCLEUS Provided no information about electrons other than the fact that they were located outside the nucleus. Neils Bohr (BOHR MODEL) BOHR MODEL or PLANETARY MODEL: Electrons travel AROUND the nucleus in well-defined paths called ORBITS (like planets in a solar system) Electrons in DIFFERENT ORBITS possess DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF ENERGY ABSORBING/GAINING a certain amount of ENERGY causes electrons to JUMP to a HIGHER ENERGY LEVEL or an EXCITED STATE When EXCITED electrons EMIT/LOSE a certain amount of ENERGY causes electrons to FALL BACK to a LOWER ENERGY LEVEL or the GROUND STATE

4 Wave-Mechanical/Cloud Model (Modern, present-day model) Electrons have distinct amounts of energy and move in areas called ORBITALS o ORBITAL = an area of HIGH PROBABILITY for finding an ELECTRON (not necessarily a circular path) Developed after the famous discovery that energy can behave as both WAVES & PARTICLES MANY SCIENTISTS have contributed to this theory

5 VOCABULARY (of the Periodic Table) SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Subatomic Charge Relative Mass Location Symbol How to Calculate Particle Proton Neutron Electron

6 DETERMINING SUBATOMIC PARTICLES (p, n, e) DIRECTIONS: Use the information below to complete the chart that follows. Atomic number = Mass # = Nuclear Charge = Nucleons= Symbol # # # Atomic Mass Nuclear Nuclear Protons Neutrons Electrons Number Number Charge Symbol 35 Cl Cl C O 8 Ar

7 ATOMS (neutral) VS. IONS (charged) Vocabulary Term Definition Example/Diagram Neutral Atom Ion anion Ca+ion

8 ISOTOPE= p = p = p = n = n = n = e = e = e = Example 2: Isotopes of Uranium (U-238, U-240) p = p = n = n = e = e =

9 Calculating Atomic Mass (for any element): Atomic Mass = the weighted average of an element s naturally occurring isotopes (% abundance of isotope in decimal form) x (mass of isotope 1) + (% abundance of isotope in decimal form) x (mass of isotope 2) + (% abundance of isotope in decimal form) x (mass of isotope 3) Average Atomic Mass of the Element Example 1: The exact mass of each isotope is given to you. Chlorine has two naturally occuring isotopes, Cl-35 (isotopic mass amu) and Cl-37 (isotopic mass amu). In the atmosphere, 32.51% of the chlorine is Cl-37, and 67.49% is Cl-35.What is the atomic mass of atmospheric chlorine? Step 1: Multiply the mass of each separate isotope by its percent abundance in DECIMAL FORM (move the decimal 2 places to the left) Cl-35 = x (.6749) = Cl-37 = x (.3251) = ** These are the weighted masses ** Step 2: Add up the products of all the calculated isotopes from step ** This is your average atomic mass **

10 Example 2: The exact mass for each isotope is NOT given to you. The element Carbon occurs in nature as two isotopes. Calculate the average atomic mass for Carbon based on the information for the isotopes below. 12 C = 98.89% 13 C = 1.11% **Since the exact masses were NOT given for either of the isotopes, just use the mass number instead. For 12 C, the mass would be 12 amu, and for 13 C, the mass would be 13. Step 1: Multiply the mass of each separate isotope by its percent abundance in DECIMAL FORM (move the decimal 2 places to the left) 12 C = ) = C = 13 x (.0111) = ** These are the weighted masses ** Step 2: Add up the products of all the calculated isotopes from step ** This is your average atomic mass ** Practice 1: The element Boron occurs in nature as two isotopes. In the space below, calculate the average atomic mass for Boron. Isotope mass percent abundance Boron amu 19.9% Boron amu 80.1%

11 Practice 2: The element Hydrogen occurs in nature as three isotopes. In the space below calculate the average atomic mass for Boron. Isotope of Hydrogen 1 H Protium 99.0% 1 2 H Deuterium 0.6% 1 3 H Tritium 0.4% 1 Percent Abundance Challenge Practice 3: Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes, Cl-35 (isotopic mass amu) and Cl-37 (isotopic mass amu). If chlorine has an atomic mass of amu, what is the percent abundance of each isotope? Mass Number The of of a given element. Atomic Mass The of of a given element

12 ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS = a dashed chain of numbers found in the of an element box (see below); tells us the number of as well as the number of in each level (tells us how the electrons are arranged around the nucleus) Electron configuration **All electron configurations on the Periodic Table are NEUTRAL (p=e) SUBSTANCE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Magnesium Mg Bromine Br -1 Barium *Lead * shortcut allows you to cut out the first two orbitals to shorten the address Valence Electrons: electrons found in the shell or orbital the number in the electron configuration Kernel Electrons: electrons (all non-valence electrons) Ex: Practice 1: Practice 2: Chlorine Nitrogen Sodium # valence e - = 7 # valence e - = # valence e - = # kernel e - = 10 # kernel e - = # kernel e - =

13 Principle Energy Level (n) = electron energy levels that contain a certain number of each sublevel contains one a set number of Maximum # of electrons in an energy level = where n = # (or period #) Principle Energy Level (n) Maximum number of electrons (2n 2 ) BOHR DIAGRAMS (one method for expressing electron location in an atom or ion); MUST be drawn (BOHRing) 1. Look up electron configuration of element at hand on Periodic Table (if you are working with an ion, add/subtract the proper amount of electrons from outer shell(s) of configuration) Example: Oxygen is Draw nucleus (with a square) and notate correct amount of protons and neutrons inside P = 8 N = 8 3. Using rings or shells, place the proper number of ORBITS around your nucleus.

14 4. Use either and x or a dot to represent your electrons, place the correct number of electrons in the area that would correspond to the number 12 on the face of a clock in the ORBIT CLOSEST TO THE NUCLEUS ONLY. Remember, you can have a maximum of 2 e - in the first orbit. x x P = 8 N = 8 5. Place one x or one dot at a time around your 2 nd or valence orbit in the areas that would correspond to the numbers 12, 3, 6, and 9 on the face of a clock. x x x x P = 8 N = 8 x 6. If there are any electrons remaining in the configuration, pair them up with electrons you have already placed. You may have no more than 2 e - in any of the 4 spots, and no more than 8 e - total in the 2 nd or valence orbit. In this case, we have 2 e - left to place. x P = 8 N = 8 x x

15 Practice Carbon Fluorine Beryllium Al Li Ca 2+ Na + S 2-

16 LEWIS (ELECTRON) DOT DIAGRAMS (Only illustrates ) 1. Write the element s symbol 2. Retrieve electron configuration from Periodic Table. The last number in the configuration is the 3. Arrange the valence electrons (DOTS) around the symbol using the following rules: Only two electrons maximum per side of the symbol (therefore no more than 8 total surrounding symbol 8 is great!) Always pair the first two If you have more than 2 valence electrons, deal them one at a time to the other three sides until you run out OR X 6 5 X Ex: Using a dot or an x place the valence electrons around the symbols for carbon below in order according to each of the models above. C OR C 4. If you are working with an ION you must adjust the valence electrons (add or subtract electrons) in the configuration before constructing your Dot Diagram. Your final diagram must include brackets and the charge on the ion. Ex 1: S -2 to the 6 that S normally has in its valence shell. Ex 2: K +1 from the valence shell of K. * always end up with * always end up with

17 QUICK NOTE: The number of is equal to the number of that an element can form with other elements. When determining the number of bonds an element can form, arrange the valence electrons so that you have the number. Ex: Carbon can be arranged in either of the two ways shown on the previous page. Draw the Lewis dot structure for carbon that gives it the maximum number of valence electrons. How many bonds can an atom of carbon form? The alternate Lewis structure for carbon with only 2 unpaired valence electrons represents the

18 Ground State vs. Excited State *Notice that one electron from the 2 nd orbital has moved to the 3 rd orbital Ground State = electrons in possible (the configuration ) ground state electron configuration for Li is 2-1 Excited State = electrons are (ANY configuration NOT FOUND ON Periodic Table) excited state electron configuration for Li could be 1-2, Distinguish between ground state and excited state electron configurations below: Bohr Electron Configuration Ground (G) or Excited (E) state? 2-1 Ground Excited

19 ***The greater the distance from the nucleus, the greater the energy of the electron When they jump to a energy level or an. This is a very condition rapidly or to a energy level When excited electrons fall from an excited state to lower energy level, they release energy in the form of. GROUND EXCITED Energy is DARK-LINE SPECTRUM is produced EXCITED GROUND Energy is BRIGHT-LINE SPECTRUM is produced DARK LINES show the specific wavelengths of light being ABSORBED by the electrons (becoming excited) BRIGHT LINES show the specific wavelengths of light being EMITTED by the electrons (falling down) Balmer Series: electrons falling from an down to the give off light (AKA Bright Line SPECTRUM or Visible Light SPECTRUM ) Different elements produce different colors of light or SPECTRA. These spectra are UNIQUE for each element (just like a human fingerprint is unique to each person). We use spectral lines to identify different elements.

UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY

UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY VOCABULARY: Allotrope Electron Configuration Nuclear Charge Anion Element Nucleons Atom Excited state Nucleus Atomic Mass Ground state Orbital Atomic Mass unit (a.m.u.) Ion Proton

More information

UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY

UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY *KEY* *KEY* UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY *KEY* *KEY* VOCABULARY: Allotrope Anion Atom Atomic Mass Atomic Mass unit (a.m.u.) Atomic number Bohr model Cation Compound Electron Electron Configuration Element Excited

More information

UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY

UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY UNIT 2 - ATOMIC THEORY VOCABULARY: Allotrope Anion Atom Atomic Mass Atomic Mass unit (a.m.u.) Atomic number Bohr model Cation Compound Electron Electron Configuration Element Excited state Ground state

More information

Notes:&&Unit&4:&Atomics& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

Notes:&&Unit&4:&Atomics& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Name: RegentsChemistry:Mr.Palermo Notes:Unit4:Atomics! www.mrpalermo.com Name: $ Key$Ideas$ Themodernmodeloftheatomhasevolvedoveralongperiodoftimethroughtheworkofmany scientists.(3.1a) Eachatomhasanucleus,withanoverallpositivecharge,surroundedbyoneormorenegatively

More information

I. History and Development of the Atom

I. History and Development of the Atom Unit 3: The Atom I. History and Development of the Atom A. Democritus (around 400 B.C.) Based on his observations of the natural world around him, Democritus was the first to suggest that all matter was

More information

What is a theory? An organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

What is a theory? An organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena Atomic Structure What is a theory? An organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena Early Theories Democritus: 4 B.C.: atom He

More information

Atomic Structure Early Theories Democritus: 4 B.C.: atom Dalton: atoms cannot Thomson: Cathode Ray Tubes Rutherford:

Atomic Structure Early Theories Democritus: 4 B.C.: atom Dalton: atoms cannot Thomson: Cathode Ray Tubes Rutherford: Atomic Structure n a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; n an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set

More information

a. According to Dalton, what is inside the atom? Nothing, the atom it the smallest

a. According to Dalton, what is inside the atom? Nothing, the atom it the smallest Unit 3: Review SCIENTIFIC THEORIES Dalton theorized that atoms were the smallest particle and could not be divided. Atoms can bond with one another in whole number ratios to form compounds but cannot be

More information

Atom Practice Test (#1) 1) What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom with the electron configuration 2-8-5? a) 2 b) 5 c) 8 d) 15

Atom Practice Test (#1) 1) What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom with the electron configuration 2-8-5? a) 2 b) 5 c) 8 d) 15 Atom Practice Test (#1) Name Multiple Choice 1 pt. each 1) What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom with the electron configuration 2-8-5? a) 2 b) 5 c) 8 d) 15 2) A Ca 2+ ion differs from

More information

Atomic Class Packet Unit 3

Atomic Class Packet Unit 3 The modern model of the atom has evolved over a long period of time through the work of many scientists.(3.1a) Each atom has a nucleus, with an overall positive charge, surrounded by one or more negatively

More information

Democritus & Leucippus (~400 BC) Greek philosophers: first to propose that matter is made up of particles called atomos, the Greek word for atoms

Democritus & Leucippus (~400 BC) Greek philosophers: first to propose that matter is made up of particles called atomos, the Greek word for atoms Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block The Evolution of the Atomic Model Since atoms are too small to see even with a very powerful microscope, scientists rely upon indirect evidence and models to help them

More information

The modern model of the atom has evolved over a long period of time through the work of many scientists.(3.1a) Each atom has a nucleus, with an

The modern model of the atom has evolved over a long period of time through the work of many scientists.(3.1a) Each atom has a nucleus, with an REGENTS CHEMISTRY 1 The modern model of the atom has evolved over a long period of time through the work of many scientists.(3.1a) Each atom has a nucleus, with an overall positive charge, surrounded by

More information

Regents Chemistry Unit 1 Atomic Concepts. Textbook Chapters 3 & 4

Regents Chemistry Unit 1 Atomic Concepts. Textbook Chapters 3 & 4 Regents Chemistry Unit 1 Atomic Concepts Textbook Chapters 3 & 4 Atomic Theory- Atoms are the building blocks of matter Atomic Models Democritus ~440 BC a Greek Philosopher suggested that matter is made

More information

Practice Packet Unit 4: Atomic Structure

Practice Packet Unit 4: Atomic Structure Name: Regents Chemistry Practice Packet Unit 4: Atomic Structure Assess Yourself: Vocab: Lesson 1: Lesson 2: Lesson 3: Lesson 4: Lesson 5: Lesson 6: Lesson 7: 1 Vocabulary: Check your understanding. Describe

More information

Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Base your answer to the question on the information below. Given the electron dot diagram:

Teacher: Mr. gerraputa. Name: Base your answer to the question on the information below. Given the electron dot diagram: Teacher: Mr. gerraputa Print Close Name: 1. Given the electron dot diagram: The valence electrons represented by the electron dot diagram could be those of atoms in Group 1. 13 3. 3 2. 15 4. 16 2. Which

More information

Unit 3 Atomics Repair Problems

Unit 3 Atomics Repair Problems 1. What is the charge of the nucleus in an atom of oxygen-17? A) 0 B) 2 C) +8 D) +17 2. A neutral atom contains 12 neutrons and 11 electrons. The number of protons in this atom is A) 1 B) 11 C) 12 D) 23

More information

Practice Packet Level 3: Atomics

Practice Packet Level 3: Atomics Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Practice Packet Level 3: Atomics Name: Unit Vocabulary: For each word, provide a short but specific definition from YOUR OWN BRAIN! No boring textbook definitions.

More information

4/14/2013 ATOMIC STRUCTURE THE ATOMIC MODEL

4/14/2013 ATOMIC STRUCTURE THE ATOMIC MODEL ATOMIC STRUCTURE R E G E N T S C H E M I S T R Y M R S. T I L A R O HISTORY OF THE ATOM O L D A N D M O D E R N A T O M THE ATOMIC MODEL Model of the atom is based on indirect experimental data. Model

More information

ATOM. Rich -Paradis. Early Thoughts Aristotle-- Continuous theory. Matter can be divided indefinitely. Greeks

ATOM. Rich -Paradis. Early Thoughts Aristotle-- Continuous theory. Matter can be divided indefinitely. Greeks ATOM Early Thoughts Aristotle-- Continuous theory Greeks Matter can be divided indefinitely matter is made up of particles--4 elements 4 elements --air--fire--water- -- earth Democritus --Discontinuous

More information

4. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of A an alpha particle C a positron. B a beta particle D a neutron

4. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of A an alpha particle C a positron. B a beta particle D a neutron 1. Which particles have approximately the same mass? A an electron and an alpha particle B an electron and a proton C a neutron and an alpha particle D a neutron and a proton 2. Which phrase describes

More information

Name Period Date Engage-Atoms 1. What does Bill cut in half?

Name Period Date Engage-Atoms   1. What does Bill cut in half? Name Period Date Engage-Atoms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmuskig2exi 1. What does Bill cut in half? 2. By cutting this item in half he tries to prove that there are pieces that are uncut- table called

More information

Democritus & Leucippus (~400 BC) Greek philosophers: first to propose that matter is made up of particles called atomos, the Greek word for atoms

Democritus & Leucippus (~400 BC) Greek philosophers: first to propose that matter is made up of particles called atomos, the Greek word for atoms AP Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block The Evolution of the Atomic Model Since atoms are too small to see even with a very powerful microscope, scientists rely upon indirect evidence and models to help them

More information

Collegiate Institute for Math and Science Day 57: December 9, 2016 Room 427

Collegiate Institute for Math and Science Day 57: December 9, 2016 Room 427 Unit 2: Atomic Concepts Outline Name: Period: Date: 1. The modern model of the atom has evolved over a long period of time through the work of many scientists. Dalton s Model: Elements are made of atoms

More information

Name: Date: Blk: Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr THOMSON

Name: Date: Blk: Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr THOMSON Name: Date: Blk: NOTES: ATOMIC STRUCTURE I. History of the Atom Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr 1803 1897 1909 1913 1. DALTON - everything is made of atoms - different elements combine to form compounds

More information

Unit 3. The Atom & Modern Atomic Theory

Unit 3. The Atom & Modern Atomic Theory Unit 3 The Atom & Modern Atomic Theory Theories of the Atom Early Models & Thoughts: Democritus Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Smallest unit that retains the identity of the element

More information

Democritus s ideas don t explain chemical behavior & lacked experimental support.

Democritus s ideas don t explain chemical behavior & lacked experimental support. A1: Atomic Structure Worksheet Key (Goals 1 3, Chapter 4) 1. Democritus, who lived in Greece during the 4 th century B.C., suggested that matter is made up of tiny particles that cannot be divided. He

More information

The structure of the Atom. Chemistry chapter 4

The structure of the Atom. Chemistry chapter 4 The structure of the Atom Chemistry chapter 4 Rutherford-Bohr Model Niels Bohr (1922) Proposed improvements to Rutherford Atomic Model. For this reason the planetary model of the atoms is sometimes called

More information

Regents Chemistry PRACTICE PACKET. Unit 2: Atomic Theory

Regents Chemistry PRACTICE PACKET. Unit 2: Atomic Theory *STUDENT* *STUDENT* Regents Chemistry PRACTICE PACKET Unit 2: Atomic Theory 2 Copyright 2015 Tim Dolgos Name History of Atomic Theory Period Fill in the missing information in the chart below: Name of

More information

TEST REVIEW GCAA Chemistry Atoms. A. Excited B. Energy C. Orbital D. Plum Pudding Model

TEST REVIEW GCAA Chemistry Atoms. A. Excited B. Energy C. Orbital D. Plum Pudding Model TEST REVIEW GCAA Chemistry Atoms From the Hangman Game-----Match the answers correctly! A. Excited B. Energy C. Orbital D. Plum Pudding Model E. Bohr F. Electron G. Frequency H. Neutron I. Thomson J. alpha

More information

UNIT 4 ATOMIC THEORY

UNIT 4 ATOMIC THEORY UNIT 4 ATOMIC THEORY 1. Atomic theory: Dalton s model Thomson s model Rutherford s model Bohr s model Electron cloud model 2. Particles inside the atom Atomic number Mass number 3. Ions Cations Anions

More information

To remain valid, models and theories must:

To remain valid, models and theories must: Note Taking Guide: Episode 301 Model: A idea used to explain facts in. Theory: An of facts and. To remain valid, models and theories must: all known enable to make correct Democritus: proposed the of an

More information

Atomic Structure Practice Questions

Atomic Structure Practice Questions Atomic Structure Practice Questions 1. Experiments performed to reveal the structure of atoms led scientists to conclude that an atom s (1) positive charge is evenly distributed throughout its volume (2)

More information

Structure of the Atom. Intext Exercise 1

Structure of the Atom. Intext Exercise 1 What are canal rays? Intext Exercise 1 Canal rays are positively charged radiations. These rays consist of positively charged particles known as protons. They were discovered by Goldstein in 16. If an

More information

Nuclear Chemistry. Atomic Structure Notes Start on Slide 20 from the second class lecture

Nuclear Chemistry. Atomic Structure Notes Start on Slide 20 from the second class lecture Nuclear Chemistry Atomic Structure Notes Start on Slide 20 from the second class lecture The Birth of an Idea Democritus, 400 B.C. coined the term atom If you divide matter into smaller and smaller pieces,

More information

2015 Name: Test 1 Atomic Structure

2015 Name: Test 1 Atomic Structure 2015 Name: Test 1 Atomic Structure 1. During a flame test, a lithium salt produces a characteristic red flame. This red color is produced when electrons in excited lithium atoms A) return to lower energy

More information

Dalton Thompson Rutherford Bohr Modern Model ("Wave. Models of the Atom

Dalton Thompson Rutherford Bohr Modern Model (Wave. Models of the Atom Dalton Thompson Rutherford Bohr Modern Model ("Wave Models of the Atom Mechanical" Model) Aim: To discuss the scientists and their contributions to the current atomic model. Focus: Rutherford's Gold Foil

More information

CHAPTER 4. Atomic Structure. 4.1 Atoms. Dalton s Atomic Theory

CHAPTER 4. Atomic Structure. 4.1 Atoms. Dalton s Atomic Theory CHAPTER 4 Atomic Structure 4.1 Atoms Democritus first suggested the idea of atoms Indivisible & Indestructible 460 B.C. 370 B.C. Dalton s Atomic Theory 1. All elements are composed of submicroscopic indivisible

More information

Which order of statements represents the historical development of the atomic model? A) C D A B B) C D B A C) D B A C D) D B C A

Which order of statements represents the historical development of the atomic model? A) C D A B B) C D B A C) D B A C D) D B C A 1. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of A) an electron B) a neutron C) an alpha particle D) a beta particle 2. What is the number of electrons in an atom that has 20 protons and 17

More information

Atomic Structure. Atomic Notation. Atomic Notation. Atomic Notation. Section 3.3 Distinguishing Between Atoms. Atomic Notation

Atomic Structure. Atomic Notation. Atomic Notation. Atomic Notation. Section 3.3 Distinguishing Between Atoms. Atomic Notation Atomic Structure Section 3.3 Distinguishing Between Atoms OBJECTIVES: Explain how the atomic number identifies an element. Use the atomic number and mass number of an element to find the numbers of protons,

More information

CHAPTER 4: Matter is Made up of Atoms

CHAPTER 4: Matter is Made up of Atoms CHAPTER 4: Matter is Made up of Atoms ATOMS & THEIR STRUCTURE Aristotle thought matter was made of air, earth, fire and water. Democritus (250 B.C.)- Said the world is made of empty space & tiny particles

More information

Chem 1075 Chapter 5 Models of the Atom Lecture Outline

Chem 1075 Chapter 5 Models of the Atom Lecture Outline Chem 1075 Chapter 5 Models of the Atom Lecture Outline Slide 2 Dalton Model of the Atom John Dalton proposed that is made up of The particles are or can be broken down into by chemical processes. cannot

More information

The History of the Atom. How did we learn about the atom?

The History of the Atom. How did we learn about the atom? The History of the Atom How did we learn about the atom? The Atomic Theory of Matter All matter is made up of fundamental particles. What does fundamental mean? The Greek Philosophers, 400 B.C. Democritus

More information

Name: Date: Atomic Structure 2017 Mrs. Mannion Version 1

Name: Date: Atomic Structure 2017 Mrs. Mannion Version 1 Name: Atomic Structure 2017 1. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of A) a beta particle B) an electron C) an alpha particle D) a neutron 2. What are the characteristics of a neutron?

More information

Unit 1, Lesson 01: Summary of Atomic Structure so far

Unit 1, Lesson 01: Summary of Atomic Structure so far Unit 1, Lesson 01: Summary of Atomic Structure so far Atoms are made of sub-atomic particles: Protons: found in the nucleus, charge of 1+, mass of 1 amu (u) Neutrons: found in nucleus, no charge, mass

More information

Atomic Theory. Contribution to Modern Atomic Theory

Atomic Theory. Contribution to Modern Atomic Theory Alief High School Chemistry STAAR Review Reporting Category 2: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry C.6.A Understand the experimental design and conclusions used in the development of modern atomic theory,

More information

Atomic Structure. Chemistry Mr. McKenzie

Atomic Structure. Chemistry Mr. McKenzie Atomic Structure Chemistry Mr. McKenzie How was the understanding of the atom developed? John Dalton (1766-1844) - developed a model to explain observations made at the time 1. Elements are made of tiny

More information

IB Chemistry : Atomic Structure & History with Boardworks Enabled Interactives

IB Chemistry : Atomic Structure & History with Boardworks Enabled Interactives Atomic Structure Contents INTRODUCING ATOMS SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES HISTORY ATOMIC # & MASS # AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS MASS SPECTROMETER ELECTRON CONFIGURATION ISOTOPES SUMMARY ACTIVITIES ELEMENTS DIFFERENT TYPES

More information

Unit 2: Atomic Structure Practice Packet

Unit 2: Atomic Structure Practice Packet Unit 2: Atomic Structure Practice Packet Dalton s Model: hard sphere model 1. I can describe John Dalton s contribution to our Thomson s Experiment: cathode ray experiment 2. I can describe JJ Thomson

More information

Atomic Structure. Defining the Atom. Defining the Atom. Sizing up the Atom. Structure of the Atom 9/18/2012

Atomic Structure. Defining the Atom. Defining the Atom. Sizing up the Atom. Structure of the Atom 9/18/2012 Atomic Structure Defining the Atom Atom smallest particle of an that retains the chemical of that element 1 2 Defining the Atom The Greek philosopher Democritus (460 B.C. 370 B.C.) was among the to suggest

More information

UNIT 4 NOTES: ATOMIC THEORY & STRUCTURE

UNIT 4 NOTES: ATOMIC THEORY & STRUCTURE S T U D E N T N O T E S P r e - A P C h e m i s t r y U N I T 4 Page 1 NAME PERIOD UNIT 4 NOTES: ATOMIC THEORY & STRUCTURE STUDENT OBJECTIVES: Your fascinating teachers would like you amazing learners

More information

Unit 3: The Atom Part 1. DUE: Friday October 13, 2017

Unit 3: The Atom Part 1. DUE: Friday October 13, 2017 Unit 3: The Atom Part 1 The following pages are practice questions for this unit, and will be submitted for homework! You must complete: What is in an atom? ALL QUESTIONS Calculating the Number of Protons,

More information

4.1 Structure of the Atom

4.1 Structure of the Atom 4.1 Structure of the Atom How do atoms differ from each other? What are atoms composed of? What are the subatomic particles? 2-1 Structure of the Atom Atoms actually are divisible. They are composed of

More information

Unit 7 Study Guide: Name: KEY Atomic Concepts & Periodic Table

Unit 7 Study Guide: Name: KEY Atomic Concepts & Periodic Table Unit 7 Study Guide: Name: KEY Atomic Concepts & Periodic Table Focus Questions for the unit... How has the modern view of the atom changed over time? How does a chemist use symbols and notation to communicate

More information

Question 1: What are canal rays? Answer: Canal rays are positively charged radiations. These rays consist of positively charged particles known as

Question 1: What are canal rays? Answer: Canal rays are positively charged radiations. These rays consist of positively charged particles known as Question 1: What are canal rays? Canal rays are positively charged radiations. These rays consist of positively charged particles known as protons. They were discovered by Goldstein in 1886. Question 2:

More information

CHAPTER 4 Atomic Structure

CHAPTER 4 Atomic Structure CHAPTER 4 Atomic Structure 4.1 Early Theories of Matter Earth, Water, Air, Fire Matter was thought to be infinitely divisible No method was available to test theories Democritus (460 B.C. 370 B.C.) First

More information

Unit Two Test Review. Click to get a new slide. Choose your answer, then click to see if you were correct.

Unit Two Test Review. Click to get a new slide. Choose your answer, then click to see if you were correct. Unit Two Test Review Click to get a new slide. Choose your answer, then click to see if you were correct. According to the law of definite proportions, any two samples of water, H2O, A. will be made up

More information

protons electrons neutrons nucleus Center of the atom; contains protons and neutrons. The Atom Molecules are made up of two or more atoms.

protons electrons neutrons nucleus Center of the atom; contains protons and neutrons. The Atom Molecules are made up of two or more atoms. _ Period: The Atom Ch. 18:1 Everything is made of atoms. Atoms are the smallest part of matter. Atoms are made up of 3 subatomic particles (particles smaller than the atom): electrons, protons, and neutrons.

More information

CHEMISTRY: Unit One J. us?!

CHEMISTRY: Unit One J. us?! CHEMISTRY: Unit One J : Q E How does knowledg e of the micro scopic ato m help us u nderstan d the chemical world aro und us?! Conversational Question: 0 What do you think your desk is made of? 0 The nature

More information

Atomic Theory. Democritus to the Planetary Model

Atomic Theory. Democritus to the Planetary Model Atomic Theory Democritus to the Planetary Model Democritus Greek philosopher (460-370 BCE) Believed in the philosophy of materialism With Leucippus, they though that matter can not be divided infinitely.

More information

Observation information obtained through the senses; observation in science often involves measurement

Observation information obtained through the senses; observation in science often involves measurement Review Sheet Unit 1: The Atom Chemistry the study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes Scientific Method Scientific method a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific

More information

CHEMISTRY 11 UNIT REVIEW: ATOMIC THEORY & PERIODIC TRENDS

CHEMISTRY 11 UNIT REVIEW: ATOMIC THEORY & PERIODIC TRENDS CHEMISTRY 11 UNIT REVIEW: ATOMIC THEORY & PERIODIC TRENDS Atoms Atoms have protons and neutrons located in the nucleus of the atom. Electrons orbit around the nucleus in well-defined paths. Protons have

More information

Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements. 2.4 The Atom

Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements. 2.4 The Atom Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements 2.4 The Atom Atoms Dalton s Atomic Theory Are tiny particles of matter. Of an element are similar and different from other elements. Of two or more different elements combine

More information

Chemistry 11 Early models of the atom 1. Structure of the Atom

Chemistry 11 Early models of the atom 1. Structure of the Atom Chemistry 11 Early models of the atom 1 Structure of the Atom Democritus Developed the idea of atom Thought things were made of atoms that have different Shapes Aristotle Matter is made of different amounts

More information

Vocabulary Review. Atom Cathode Ray Electrons Protons Neutrons Nucleus

Vocabulary Review. Atom Cathode Ray Electrons Protons Neutrons Nucleus 2/19/16 Do Now On your half sheet of paper, identify the scientist that either discovered a part of the atom or developed a theory related to atomic structure. Vocabulary Review Atom Cathode Ray Electrons

More information

Chapter #1 - Atomic Structure

Chapter #1 - Atomic Structure Chapter #1 - Atomic Structure Atomic Theories Democritus (460-340 BC) Democritus believed that all matter consisted of extremely small particles that could not be divided. He called them atoms from the

More information

CH4 HOMEWORK : ATOMIC STRUCTURE

CH4 HOMEWORK : ATOMIC STRUCTURE Name Date Class 4 CH4 HOMEWORK : ATOMIC STRUCTURE SECTION 4.1 DEFINING THE ATOM (pages 101 103) This section describes early atomic theories of matter and provides ways to understand the tiny size of individual

More information

Atomic Structure. History of Atomic Theory

Atomic Structure. History of Atomic Theory Atomic Structure History of Atomic Theory Democritus (460-370 BC) Was the to come up with the idea of atom Believed that all matter was composed of Which is derived from the Greek word Atomos meaning He

More information

CHEMISTRY 11 UNIT REVIEW: ATOMIC THEORY & PERIODIC TRENDS

CHEMISTRY 11 UNIT REVIEW: ATOMIC THEORY & PERIODIC TRENDS CHEMISTRY 11 UNIT REVIEW: ATOMIC THEORY & PERIODIC TRENDS Atoms Atoms have protons and neutrons located in the nucleus of the atom. Electrons orbit around the nucleus in well-defined paths. Protons have

More information

Atomic Concepts and Nuclear Chemistry Regents Review

Atomic Concepts and Nuclear Chemistry Regents Review 1. In the late 1800s, experiments using cathode ray tubes led to the discovery of the 10.Compared to an atom of phosphorus-31, an atom of sulfur-32 contains A) electron B) neutron C) positron D) proton

More information

Development of Atomic Theory Elements of chemistry- Atoms, the building blocks of matter Video

Development of Atomic Theory Elements of chemistry- Atoms, the building blocks of matter Video Development of Atomic Theory Elements of chemistry- Atoms, the building blocks of matter Video 2 CH 4- Atoms 1 Discovering the Atom In this lesson we will take a look at the scientists who explored the

More information

Atomic Structure Chapter 4 Mr. Hines

Atomic Structure Chapter 4 Mr. Hines Atomic Structure Chapter 4 Mr. Hines Part A Standard model of the atom Learning Targets and I can statements 1 List, label, and describe the parts of an atom. 2 Identify the atomic number and the atomic

More information

Name Date Class DEFINING THE ATOM

Name Date Class DEFINING THE ATOM 4.1 DEFINING THE ATOM Section Review Objectives Describe Democritus s ideas about atoms Explain Dalton s atomic theory Describe the size of an atom Vocabulary atom Dalton s atomic theory Part A Completion

More information

Atoms and Matter. Democritus proposed that atoms are tiny, Indivisible particles that make up all matter. The word atom means unable to be divided.

Atoms and Matter. Democritus proposed that atoms are tiny, Indivisible particles that make up all matter. The word atom means unable to be divided. Atomic Structure 1 Atoms and Matter Democritus proposed that atoms are tiny, Indivisible particles that make up all matter The word atom means unable to be divided. Thomson s Atomic model(1898) (Plum-pudding

More information

Chapter 4: Atomic Structure Section 4.1 Defining the Atom

Chapter 4: Atomic Structure Section 4.1 Defining the Atom Chapter 4: Atomic Structure Section 4.1 Defining the Atom Early Models of the Atom atom the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction Democritus s Atomic Philosophy

More information

Do Now: Recall 1. What is an atom? What have you learned about the word atom so far this semester?

Do Now: Recall 1. What is an atom? What have you learned about the word atom so far this semester? Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Do Now: Recall 1. What is an atom? What have you learned about the word atom so far this semester? Atoms Video: 1. Proper Portioned Giant Atom Model of Science: Structure

More information

A1: Atomic Structure Worksheet (Goals 1 3, Chapter 4)

A1: Atomic Structure Worksheet (Goals 1 3, Chapter 4) Unit 3 Assignment Packet Name: Period: A1: Atomic Structure Worksheet (Goals 1 3, Chapter 4) 1. Democritus, who lived in Greece during the 4 th century B.C., suggested that is made up of tiny particles

More information

Unit 1 Part 1 Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Introduction to Atomic Structure UNIT 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE

Unit 1 Part 1 Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Introduction to Atomic Structure UNIT 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE UNIT 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ATOMIC STRUCTURE Contents 1. Protons, Neutrons and Electrons 2. Early Models of the Atom 3. Isotopes and Atomic Mass 4. Atoms and Ions

More information

An Introduction to Atomic Theory. VCE Chemistry Unit 1: The Big Ideas of Chemistry Area of Study 1 The Periodic Table

An Introduction to Atomic Theory. VCE Chemistry Unit 1: The Big Ideas of Chemistry Area of Study 1 The Periodic Table An Introduction to Atomic Theory VCE Chemistry Unit 1: The Big Ideas of Chemistry Area of Study 1 The Periodic Table From Democritus to Dalton Two thousand years ago, Democritus proposed that matter consisted

More information

Test Topics: Periodic Table, Atomic Theory, Physical/Chemical Properties, Atom, Isotopes, Average Atomic Mass

Test Topics: Periodic Table, Atomic Theory, Physical/Chemical Properties, Atom, Isotopes, Average Atomic Mass Elemental Properties Review Worksheet Test Topics: Periodic Table, Atomic Theory, Physical/Chemical Properties, Atom, Isotopes, Average Atomic Mass Periodic Table 1. List the element symbols for the following

More information

PROGRESSION OF THE ATOMIC MODEL

PROGRESSION OF THE ATOMIC MODEL PROGRESSION OF THE ATOMIC MODEL By 1808, it was widely accepted that matter was made up of ELEMENTS, which consisted of tiny PARTICLES called ATOMS. After 2000 years - DEMOCRITUS was right all along John

More information

atomic structure practice test D) neutrons and protons B) empty space and has a small, positively charged nucleus C) neutron

atomic structure practice test D) neutrons and protons B) empty space and has a small, positively charged nucleus C) neutron atomic structure practice test 1. The major portion of an atom's mass consists of A) electrons and protons B) electrons and neutrons C) neutrons and positrons D) neutrons and protons 2. Which subatomic

More information

INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin

INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin Lecture INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Seventh Edition by Charles H. Corwin Models of the Atom by Christopher G. Hamaker Illinois State University Dalton Model of the Atom John Dalton

More information

Atomic Theory. Developing the Nuclear Model of the Atom. Saturday, January 20, 18

Atomic Theory. Developing the Nuclear Model of the Atom. Saturday, January 20, 18 Atomic Theory Developing the Nuclear Model of the Atom Democritus Theory: Atom, the indivisible particle c. 300 BC Democritus Problem: No scientific evidence c. 300 BC Dalton Theory: The solid sphere model

More information

7.1 Development of a Modern Atomic Theory

7.1 Development of a Modern Atomic Theory 7.1 Development of a Modern Atomic Theory Development of the Atomic Theory Many scientists in different countries have contributed to the understanding of matter - atoms John Dalton Credited with developing

More information

What is the current atomic model?

What is the current atomic model? 4.1 Atoms Basic Units of Matter What is the current atomic model? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, such as gases, solids, and liquids. Matter is not sound, heat, or light these are

More information

5 Early Atomic Theory and Structure

5 Early Atomic Theory and Structure 5 Early Atomic Theory and Structure Chapter Outline 5.1 5.2 Electric Charge A. Discovery of Ions 5.3 Subatomic Parts of the Atom Lightning occurs when electrons move to neutralize charge difference between

More information

Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements

Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements 1 Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements Sec 2.3 Modern Atomic Theory and the Laws That Led to it Law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. Law of definite

More information

Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom Science

Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom Science Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom Science 1. What are canal rays? Canal rays are positively charged radiations that can pass through perforated cathode plate. These rays consist of positively charged particles

More information

10/4/2011. Tells you the number of protons

10/4/2011. Tells you the number of protons Atomic Structure The arrangement of the subatomic particles within the atom determines the chemical properties of the elements How they interact with one another The types of ions and structures that they

More information

UNIT 4 NOTES: ATOMIC THEORY & STRUCTURE

UNIT 4 NOTES: ATOMIC THEORY & STRUCTURE S T U D E N T N O T E S P r e - A P C h e m i s t r y U N I T 4 Page 1 UNIT 4 NOTES: ATOMIC THEORY & STRUCTURE STUDENT OBJECTIVES: Your fascinating teachers would like you amazing learners to be able to

More information

Do Now: Recall 1. What is an atom? What have you learned about the word atom so far this semester?

Do Now: Recall 1. What is an atom? What have you learned about the word atom so far this semester? Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Do Now: Recall 1. What is an atom? What have you learned about the word atom so far this semester? Atoms Video: 1. Proper Portioned Giant Atom Model of Science: Structure

More information

Title: Chem Review 2 TOPIC: DISCOVERY OF ATOM

Title: Chem Review 2 TOPIC: DISCOVERY OF ATOM Title: Chem Review 2 TOPIC: DISCOVERY OF ATOM EQ: How were the 3 subatomic particles discovered? Title and Highlight Topic: EQ: Date Reflect Question: Reflect on the material by asking a question (its

More information

Chapter 2. Atomic Structure

Chapter 2. Atomic Structure Atomic Structure Chapter 2 What particles compose the substances around us? When you use the term particle to explain the different properties of a solid, liquid or gas, you are referring to the simplest,

More information

Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions, and the Periodic Table. Law of Conservation of Mass. Law of Conservation of Mass

Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions, and the Periodic Table. Law of Conservation of Mass. Law of Conservation of Mass Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions, and the Periodic Table Dalton s Atomic Theory Structure of the Atom Ions Atomic Mass The Periodic Table Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction

More information

Atomic Structure. How do you discover and study something you can t see?

Atomic Structure. How do you discover and study something you can t see? Atomic Structure How do you discover and study something you can t see? WHAT IS A THEORY? A hypothesis is a proposed explanation made as a starting point for further investigation (It s bright outside

More information

Accelerated Chemistry Study Guide Atomic Structure, Chapter 3

Accelerated Chemistry Study Guide Atomic Structure, Chapter 3 Accelerated Chemistry Study Guide Atomic Structure, Chapter 3 Terms and definitions atom ion law of constant composition isotope atomic theory of matter mass number cathode ray tube atomic mass electron

More information

Chapter 3 https://youtu.be/thndxfdkzzs?list=pl8dpuualjx tphzzyuwy6fyeax9mqq8ogr

Chapter 3 https://youtu.be/thndxfdkzzs?list=pl8dpuualjx tphzzyuwy6fyeax9mqq8ogr Chapter 3 https://youtu.be/thndxfdkzzs?list=pl8dpuualjx tphzzyuwy6fyeax9mqq8ogr The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. Regions: Nucleus: very small region

More information

Early Models of the Atom

Early Models of the Atom Early Models of the Atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction. Although early philosophers and scientists could not observe individual atoms,

More information

History of Atomic Theory

History of Atomic Theory Unit 2 The Atom History of Atomic Theory A. Democritus and Aristotle Democritus named the "atom" - means indivisible Dalton (with work of Lavoisier, Proust, and Gay-Lussac) 1. atomic theory - first based

More information

Chapter 3 Atomic Diary

Chapter 3 Atomic Diary Chapter 3 Atomic Diary History of the Atom Democritus was a philosopher in ancient Greece who "thought" about things, and came up with his ideas. He thought that all kinds of matter were unique and that

More information