Exam Accelerated Chemistry Study Sheet Chap 04 The Atom/Periodic Table

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1 Exam Accelerated Chemistry Study Sheet Chap 04 The Atom/Periodic Table Name /87 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. Correct the False statements by changing the underlined word. 1) John Dalton was the first person recorded as thinking that matter was ultimately composed of atoms. 1) 2) John Dalton formalized an atomic theory that gained acceptance in the early 19th century. 2) 3) The plum pudding model proposed that negatively charged electrons were held in a sphere of positive charge. 3) 4) J.J. Thomson discovered the existence of protons. 4) 5) Ernest Rutherford proved the existence of electrons. 5) 6) The gold foil experiment proved that large regions of the atoms consisted of empty space. 6) 7) Protons and electrons each have a mass of 1 amu. 7) 8) The mass of a proton is exactly the same as the mass of a neutron. 8) 9) The charges on electrons and neutrons cancel each other to give neutral atoms. 9) 10) An atom containing 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons would be considered charge-neutral. 10) 11) If two atoms each contain different numbers of protons, the atoms must be from different elements. 11) 12) All elemental symbols are comprised of a two-letter abbreviation. 12) 13) The atomic number of nitrogen is ) 14) Mendeleev is best remembered for his pioneering work on determining atomic structure. 14) 15) In the modern periodic table, elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number rather than increasing relative mass. 15) 16) Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table. 16) 17) An element is discovered that is a solid, has one valence electron, and readily forms a 1+ ion. This element would be correctly classified as a nonmetal. 17) 1

2 18) Main-group elements tend to form ions that have the same number of total electrons as the nearest halogen. 18) 19) A cation forms when an atom gains an electron. 19) 20) Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different numbers of neutrons. 20) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 21) Which of the following statements about atoms is FALSE? 21) A) Atoms are the basic building block of nature. B) Atoms compose all matter. C) An atom is the smallest identifiable unit of an element. D) Atoms are responsible for the sensation of smell. E) All of the above statements are true. 22) Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Democritus? 22) A) ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was not continuous B) proposed the modern Atomic Theory C) created the modern periodic table D) discovered the existence of electrons 23) Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Dalton? 23) A) discovered the existence of electrons B) ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was continuous C) created the modern periodic table D) proposed the modern Atomic Theory 24) Which of the following is NOT part of Dalton's Atomic Theory? 24) A) All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements. B) Each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms. C) Most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus. D) Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds. E) All of the above are part of the atomic theory. 25) Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Thomson? 25) A) discovered the existence of electrons B) proposed the modern Atomic Theory C) ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was continuous D) created the modern periodic table 2

3 26) Which of the statements about the discovery of electrons is FALSE? 26) A) Thomson proposed that electrons were small particles held within a positively charged sphere. B) Rutherford proved the plum-pudding model correct. C) The negatively charged electron is located outside the nucleus. D) Because atoms are neutral, the existence of a negatively charged particle implied there must be a positively charged component of an atom. E) All of the above statements are true. 27) Which statement below is NOT consistent with the nuclear theory of the atom as proposed by Rutherford? A) Most of the volume of the atom is empty space occupied by tiny, negatively charged electrons. B) There are as many electrons outside the nucleus as there are protons inside the nucleus in a neutral atom. C) Electrical charge is a fundamental property of protons and electrons in which like charges repel and opposite charges attract. D) Most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus. E) All of the above statements are consistent. 27) 28) Which statement reflects the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiments? 28) A) Almost all of the alpha particles sputtered gold atoms off of the surface of the foil. B) Almost all of the alpha particles were deflected back in the direction from which they came. C) Almost all of the alpha particles were deflected while passing through the foil. D) Almost all of the alpha particles passed directly through the foil. 29) An atom containing 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons 29) A) is an ion. B) is an oxygen atom. C) is charge-neutral. D) none of the above 30) The atomic mass unit is defined as: 30) A) the mass of the hydrogen atom containing only one proton. B) 1/14 the mass of a nitrogen atom containing 7 protons and 7 neutrons. C) 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons. D) the mass of electrons found in a carbon atom containing six protons and neutrons. 31) Which of the following statements about the nature of electrical charge is FALSE? 31) A) Electrical charge is a fundamental property of protons and electrons. B) Positive and negative charges cancel each other so that a proton and electron, when paired, are charge neutral. C) Positive and negative electrical charges attract each other. D) Positive-positive or negative-negative charges repel each other. E) All of the above statements are true. 3

4 32) Which of the following subatomic particles has a mass of kg? 32) A) protons and neutrons B) electrons only C) neutrons only D) protons only 33) Which of the following elements has an atomic number of 4? 33) A) He B) H C) Be D) C 34) Which of the following elements has only 12 protons? 34) A) Zn B) O C) C D) Mg 35) What is the atomic symbol for silver? 35) A) Si B) Ag C) S D) Au 36) What is the atomic symbol for tin? 36) A) Sn B) Si C) Ti D) Tn 37) What is the correct chemical symbol for mercury? 37) A) Hy B) My C) Me D) none of the above 38) Which of the following is NOT a correct name, symbol combination? 38) A) manganese, Mn B) silicon, Si C) magnesium, Mg D) iron, I 39) Which of the following is NOT a correct name, symbol combination? 39) A) phosphorus, P B) manganese, Mg C) silicon, Si D) iron, Fe 40) Which of the following is NOT a correct name, symbol combination? 40) A) potassium, P B) manganese, Mn C) chromium, Cr D) gold, Au 41) The names of the elements whose symbols are Si, P, Mn, and S are respectively, 41) A) silver, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. B) silicon, phosphorus, manganese, and sulfur. C) silicon, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. D) silicon, potassium, magnesium, and sulfur. 42) Metals are located where on the periodic table? 42) A) middle B) right side C) zig-zag diagonal line D) left side 43) Nonmetals are located where on the periodic table? 43) A) right side B) left side C) middle D) zig-zag diagonal line 4

5 44) Metalloids are located where on the periodic table? 44) A) middle B) right side C) left side D) zig-zag diagonal line 45) Group 1A elements are also called: 45) A) alkali metals. B) noble gases. C) alkaline earth metals. D) halogens. 46) Group 7A elements are also called: 46) A) alkaline earth metals. B) alkali metals. C) halogens. D) noble gases. 47) Group 8A elements are also called: 47) A) noble gases. B) alkali metals. C) halogens. D) alkaline earth metals. 48) Group 2A elements are also called: 48) A) noble gases. B) halogens. C) alkali metals. D) alkaline earth metals. 49) Mg is a member of which family? 49) A) halogens B) alkaline earth metals C) alkali metals D) noble gases 50) Xe is a member of which family? 50) A) noble gases B) alkali metals C) halogens D) alkaline earth metals 51) Examine the elements listed below and identify the one element that is from a different periodic table group than the others. A) Sn B) Ge C) Si D) Ti 51) 52) Cr is a member of which family? 52) A) alkali metals B) halogens C) alkaline earth metals D) none of the above 53) All of the following statements about different elements are true EXCEPT: 53) A) Sulfur is considered a metalloid. B) Barium is an alkaline earth metal. C) Iodine is a halogen. D) Manganese is a transition metal. 54) Identify the element that is a nonmetal, a gas, and has an elemental symbol that starts with the letter "A." A) Al B) Ac C) Ar D) Au 54) 55) Ions are formed when atoms 55) A) gain or lose electrons. B) gain or lose protons. C) gain or lose neutrons. D) Each of these results in ion formation. 5

6 56) When an atom loses an electron, the resulting particle is called 56) A) a cation. B) an anion. C) a proton. D) an isotope. 57) When an atom gains an electron, the resulting particle is called 57) A) an anion. B) an isotope. C) a proton. D) a cation. 58) Which of the following statements about ions is INCORRECT? 58) A) Cations are positive ions and anions are negative ions. B) Cations are formed when an atom loses electrons. C) Cations always have the same number of protons as electrons. D) Anions are formed when an atom gains electrons. 59) What is the correct formula for a potassium ion with 18 electrons? 59) A) K- B) K+ C) P- D) P+ 60) How many electrons are in Br-? 60) A) 7 B) 4 C) 34 D) 36 61) How many protons and electrons are present in O2-? 61) A) 16 protons and 8 electrons B) 10 protons and 8 electrons C) 8 protons and 8 electrons D) 8 protons and 10 electrons 62) What is the charge on the barium ion? 62) A) 1- B) 1+ C) 2- D) 2+ 63) What is the charge on the ion formed by selenium? 63) A) 1- B) 2+ C) 2- D) 1+ 64) There is very little of the element astatine (symbol = At) on earth. If astatine formed an ion, it would most likely have the charge of: A) 2+ B) 2- C) 1+ D) 1-64) 65) What is the charge on the ion formed by aluminum? 65) A) 5- B) 13+ C) 3+ D) 3-66) What is the charge on the cesium ion? 66) A) 2- B) 1- C) 1+ D) 2+ 67) How many electrons would be in a -2 charged anion of sulfur? 67) A) 36 B) 2 C) 16 D) 18 68) Isotopes are: 68) A) atoms of the same element that have the same number of neutrons. B) atoms of the same element that have different number of protons. C) atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons. D) atoms of the same element that have different number of electrons. 6

7 69) The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 69) A) is the same for all isotopes of an element. B) is called the atomic number. C) is given the symbol "Z." D) all of the above 70) The nucleus of an atom consists mainly of 70) A) protons and electrons. B) protons, neutrons, and electrons. C) neutrons and electrons. D) protons and neutrons. 71) How many neutrons are present in Ne-22? 71) A) 12 B) 10 C) 32 D) 22 72) How many neutrons are present in C-14? 72) A) 14 B) 6 C) 12 D) 8 73) What is the mass number of the hydrogen isotope that contains 2 neutrons? 73) A) 3 B) 1 C) 4 D) 2 74) How many protons and neutrons are in Cl-37? 74) A) 37 protons, 17 neutrons B) 17 protons, 37 neutrons C) 17 protons, 20 neutrons D) 20 protons, 17 neutrons 75) An isotope represented as S-34 75) A) must have exactly 18 electrons. B) is an isotope of sodium. C) contains exactly 18 neutrons. D) has 34 protons. 76) An atom of a carbon-14 isotope would contain 76) A) 20 protons, 6 neutrons,and 20 electrons. B) 8 protons, 6 neutrons,and 8 electrons. C) 6 protons, 8 neutrons,and 6 electrons. D) 14 protons, 6 neutrons,and 6 electrons. 77) An atom that has the same number of neutrons as 138 Ba is: 77) 56 A) Ba B) La C) Xe D) Cs 78) A specific isotope of an element is known to have 15 protons and 16 neutrons. Which symbol would properly represent this isotope? A) X B) Ga C) S D) P 78) 7

8 79) A fictional element has two naturally occurring isotopes with the natural abundances shown here: ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE % % Which statement is TRUE for this element? A) The atomic mass would be less than 18. B) The atomic mass would be greater than 20. C) The atomic mass would be exactly 19. D) The atomic mass would be closer to 20 than to ) 80) A fictional element has two isotopes, each making up 50% of the population. Isotope 1 has a mass of 80.0 amu, Isotope 2 has a mass of 85.0 amu. Calculate the atomic mass of the fictional element. A) 40 amu B) 165 amu C) 42.5 amu D) 82.5 amu 80) 81) A fictional element has two isotopes and an atomic mass of amu. If the first isotope is 86 amu and the second isotope has a mass of 90 amu. Which isotope has the greatest natural abundance? A) 90 amu B) 86 amu C) There are equal amounts. D) Not enough information provided. 81) 82) A fictional element named Nivadium is found to have three naturally occurring isotopes with the natural abundances shown here: MASS (amu) ABUNDANCE % % % The calculated atomic mass of Nivadium is A) amu B) amu C) amu D) 7.61 amu 82) 83) Chlorine has two stable isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37. If their exact masses are amu and amu, respectively, what is the natural abundance of Cl-35? (The atomic mass of chlorine is amu) A) 75.95% B) 50.00% C) 24.05% D) 37.00% E) 35.00% 83) 84) What is the charge on an ion that has an atomic number of 24 and contains 22e-? 84) A) 1+ B) 2- C) 1- D) 2+ 85) How many neutrons are found in Ne-21? 85) A) 0 B) 11 C) 10 D) 21 86) How many protons are found in C-14? 86) A) 0 B) 6 C) 14 D) 8 87) Given that the molecular mass of bromine is grams, which of the following isotopes would you expect to have the greatest natural abundance? A) Br-80 B) Br-82 C) Br-81 D) Br-79 87) 8