Weathering of Artificial Grass Yarn CEN TC 217 WG 11, 18/10/2016 Daniel Müller (BASF) & Jeroen Wassenaar (TOTAL)
|
|
- Stewart Bennett
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Weathering of Artificial Grass Yarn CEN TC 217 WG 11, 18/10/2016 Daniel Müller (BASF) & Jeroen Wassenaar (TOTAL)
2 Why doing Artificial Weathering? Simulation of the photooxidative behavior of polymers Purpose: Development of new products and applications, screening Long term outdoor weathering for reproduction of environmental influences needed Accelerated weathering for screening purposes Get insight on quality of a product Quality of production Index tests given by standardization Properties to be evaluated Mechanical properties for functionality Visual properties for aspect Requirements: Representing reality Reproducible test method Economic for supplier and end user
3 Solar Radiation UV Radiation of the wave length: below 175nm is absorbed by oxygen in the atmospheric layers more than 100km above surface between 175 and 290nm is absorbed by ozone layer of the stratosphere (max density: ~25km) between 290 and 400nm reaches the surface Only the UV Radiation of the wave length between 290 and 400nm reaches the surface and is potentially able to initiate degradation of plastics
4 Photooxidation Photooxidation is initiated by the action of photons onto the plastic article Photooxidative degradation results from the combined action of light and oxygen The degradation process proceeds analogous to the autoxidation cycle + + = PHOTOOXIDATION
5 Without Light, no Photooxidation 1 st Law of photochemistry (Grotthus Draper): Only the part of light effectively absorbed by a substance leads to photochemical degradation 2 nd law of photochemistry (Stark Einstein): For each photon of light absorbed by a chemical system, no more than one molecule is activated for a photochemical reaction «Low wavelength UV light (<290 nm) enables transitions that are not accessible in real life, leading to photochemical reactions that do not naturally occur on earth» Jablonski diagram of optical transitions: Solid lines: radiative transitions between states Wavy lines: vibrational relaxations processes (vr) and radiationless transitions (IC = internal conversion / ISC = intersystem crossing)
6 Wave Length Sensitivity of Plastics Polymer degradation is wave length dependent UV light affects different polymers differently Polyolefins absorb UV light due to oxidation products formed during processing or by impurities present in the polymer. Engineering resins and rubbers absorb UV light due to their intrinsic chemical structure (e.g. Polystyrene, Polyesters..)
7 Geographical Distribution of Sun Ray Energy Various climate conditions depending on the regions Different further factors to be considered beside sun ray energy: humidity, day and seasonal fluctuations, altitude, pollution, : Florida (Miami): standard, fairly constant climate Arizona (Phoenix): dry / hot climate, high irradiation Bandol (France): moderate climate, most sun hours in Europe Hainan Island (China): humid subtropical
8 Artificial Weathering Different settings possible, potentially influencing the result (variety of standards in the industry) Examples of setting parameters: radiation energy, wet/dry cycle, temperature, humidity, Widest use in the industry
9 Artificial Weathering Various Specifications to be met: WOM spectrum in line with UV radiation reaching the Earth QUVA spectrum fitting UV radiation in the low wavelength area QUVB spectrum only in very low wavelength area and far below 290nm
10 Protection of Polymers from Degradation Screeners UV screeners, examples: Fillers Carbon black Pigments However: Metal containing pigments can catalyze formation of free radicals Reflected light can concentrate UV energy on the surface Some fillers may absorb and/or react with stabilizers
11 Protection of Polymers from Degradation Screeners Pigments Pigment act as light manager Pigments also absorb in the visible. Heat (energy) can additionally build up depending on color and may influence the durability of the whole system
12 Protection of Polymers from Degradation UV Absorbers Protect the bulk of materials Light is absorbed Intensity of light decreases exponentially Bulk material is well protected, however surface might degrade Law of Lambert Beer: A = e. c. d = log I0/I Absorbance = Molar Absorptivity Concentration Path Length
13 Protection of Polymers from Degradation Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS) Protect the bulk and surface of materials HALS molecules are active in the whole sample, they protect: Surface (light stability) Bulk (light and thermal stability)
14 Evaluation of Weathering Effects
15 Failure Criteria: Visual Aspects White appearance can be due to Polymer degradation on the surface Fading of the pigment Polymer still intact
16 Artificial Compared to Natural Weathering PE Films Florida / QUVB Florida / WOM Linear correlation r 2 = 0.36 Linear correlation r 2 = 0.96 LDPE blown films 200 m; T 0.1 = time to 0.1% carbonyl absorbance E 50 = energy to 50% retained elongation LDPE blown films 200 m; T 50 = time to 50% retained elongation E 50 = energy to 50% retained elongation WOM (Xenon Arc) weathering with good correlation QUVB (Fluorescence Arc) weathering without correlation
17 Artificial Compared to Natural Weathering PE Tapes hours QUVB hours WOM hours WOM kly HDPE tapes, 50 m, different formulations; hours resp kly to 50% retained tensile strength hours QUVB Correlation with Florida WOM good QUVB very limitied kly
18 Comparison of Different Artificial Light Exposure LLDPE Monofilaments QUVA with similar behavior compared to WOM QUVB with highest impact on degradation
19 Comparison of QUVA with QUVB in LLDPE Yarns* 100% 5 Retained tensile strength 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% UVA 3000 UVA 5000 UVB 3000 Colour change grey scale UVA 3000 UVA 5000 UVB 3000 Average from 7 monofilaments for sports turf Tensile strength not significantly affected by any aging method after required time frame => no polymer degradation Colour change more severe with UVA after measurement with proposed new test method (UVA, 5000h) => better simulation of effect of solar radiation on colour * tested by Kiwa ISA Sport
20 Summary Polymers can undergo degradation when exposed to sunlight Influence of UV radiation from nm Influence of environmental conditions Accelerated weathering to be done under realistic conditions Wave length sensitivity of different plastics Different ways to protect resins Different degradation mechanism depending on the UV wave length applied Different artificial weathering methods for accelerated testing QUVA and WOM measurement similar to real life UV radiation QUVB only covering very low wave lengths and goes below 290nm simulating unrealistic conditions for life time considerations
21 Conclusion QUVA 5000h is the proposed accelerating weathering method for artificial turf applications: Covers a large part of the critical UV light Keeps radiation at wave lengths > 290nm Provides reasonable acceleration Easily accessible in the market and in testing institutes Extension of the standard to be fulfilled in CEN and already accepted by most of the stakeholders in the market Representing reality Reproducible test method Economic for supplier and end user QUVA QUVB WOM
22 ANNEX
23 Solar maximum in different locations* Cleveland Kitt Peak Miami * From Q-Lab technical bulletin LU-0822
Natural Exposure Testing VS Accelerated Weathering... The Right Choice.
Natural Exposure Testing VS Accelerated Weathering... The Right Choice. Founded in 1956 Specialize in material durability testing equipment and services Bolton, England Q-Lab Europe Cleveland,Ohio Headquarters
More information10. 6 Photochemistry. Out-class reading: Levine, pp photochemistry
Out-class reading: Levine, pp. 800-804 photochemistry 6.1 Brief introduction of light 1) Photochemistry The branch of chemistry which deals with the study of chemical reaction initiated by light. 2) Energy
More informationpro-k group Thermoplastic Sheets Technical Leaflet To provide a fundamental explanation of the terms lightfastness, weather resistance UV resistance
pro-k group Thermoplastic Sheets Technical Leaflet To provide a fundamental explanation of the terms lightfastness, weather resistance UV resistance 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction to the subject matter
More informationExcited State Processes
Excited State Processes Photophysics Fluorescence (singlet state emission) Phosphorescence (triplet state emission) Internal conversion (transition to singlet gr. state) Intersystem crossing (transition
More informationIntroduction ENERGY. Heat Electricity Electromagnetic irradiation (light)
Photochemistry Introduction ENERGY Heat Electricity Electromagnetic irradiation (light) Vision: Triggered by a photochemical reaction Is red in the dark? The answer must be NO - Since what we see as colour
More informationAtmosphere CHANGE IS IN THE AIR
Activity 8 UVs and Frisbees Atmosphere CHANGE IS IN THE AIR Forces of Change» Atmosphere» Activity 8» Page 1 UVs and Frisbees Overview This experiment will help students understand that ultraviolet radiation
More informationOzone: Earth s shield from UV radiation
Outline Ozone: Earth s shield from UV radiation Review electromagnetic radiation absorptivity by selective gases temperature vs. height in atmosphere Ozone production and destruction natural balance anthropogenic
More informationThis watermark does not appear in the registered version - Laser- Tissue Interaction
S S d Laser- Tissue Interaction Types of radiation ionizing radiation Non - ionizing radiation You may click on any of the types of radiation for more detail about its particular type of interaction
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 17 The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature 17.1 Atmosphere Characteristics Composition of the Atmosphere Weather is constantly changing, and it refers
More informationEarth: the Goldilocks Planet
Earth: the Goldilocks Planet Not too hot (460 C) Fig. 3-1 Not too cold (-55 C) Wave properties: Wavelength, velocity, and? Fig. 3-2 Reviewing units: Wavelength = distance (meters or nanometers, etc.) Velocity
More informationSpectrum of Radiation. Importance of Radiation Transfer. Radiation Intensity and Wavelength. Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Radiation Intensity and Wavelength frequency Planck s constant Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption
More informationLecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate
Lecture 3: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Climate Solar and infrared radiation selective absorption and emission Selective absorption and emission Cloud and radiation Radiative-convective equilibrium
More informationIntroduction to Photovoltaics
INTRODUCTION Objectives Understand the photovoltaic effect. Understand the properties of light. Describe frequency and wavelength. Understand the factors that determine available light energy. Use software
More informationSolar Radiant Heating and Angle of Incidence NS 696 V: Weather and Climate for Educators
Solar Radiant Heating and Angle of Incidence NS 696 V: Weather and Climate for Educators State Science Standards: Standard 1 Students apply the processes of scientific investigation and design, conduct,
More informationEuroGeo4 Paper number 203 ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ON GEOTEXTILES AFTER WEATHERING EXPOSURE
Lodi, P.C., Bueno, B.S., Zornberg, J.G., and Correia, N.S. (8). Analysis of Mechanical and Physical Properties on Geotextiles after Weathering Exposure. Fourth European Geosynthetics Conference, EuroGeo4,
More informationGestão e Produção Sustentável. Durability Electromagnetic radiation. ENG K49 Materiais de origem vegetal aplicados na construção
Gestão e Produção Sustentável Durability Electromagnetic radiation ENG K49 Materiais de origem vegetal aplicados na construção Ricardo Fernandes Carvalho Electromagnetic radiation spectral band Microwaves
More informationOZONE AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
OZONE AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION Alfio Parisi, Michael Kimlin Imagine if the earth s protective atmosphere did not exist and the earth was subjected to the harmful ultraviolet energy from the sun. Life
More informationWhat the Einstein Relations Tell Us
What the Einstein Relations Tell Us 1. The rate of spontaneous emission A21 is proportional to υ 3. At higher frequencies A21 >> B(υ) and all emission is spontaneous. A 21 = 8π hν3 c 3 B(ν) 2. Although
More informationEarth s Atmosphere About 10 km thick
10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric properties vary with altitude? Earth s Atmosphere About 10 km thick
More informationThe Effect of Wavelength Binning on Solar Irradiance Extinction Altitude by Atmospheric Ozone Absorption
The Effect of Wavelength Binning on Solar Irradiance Extinction Altitude LASP 2007 REU Research By: Jonathan C. Ruel Mentor: Martin Snow Outline Introduction Basic Atmospheric Model SSI Data Optical Depth
More informationCool Roofs Standards & the ECRC Product Rating Program
Cool Roofs Standards & the ECRC Product Rating Program Dr. Afroditi Synnefa (asynnefa@phys.uoa.gr ) TC Leader ECRC GRBES- NKUA 24/03/2016 European Cool Roofs Council 1 Outline Introduction Cool Roof Standards
More informationTopic # 15 OZONE DEPLETION IN THE STRATOSPHERE. see pp in Class Notes
Topic # 15 OZONE DEPLETION IN THE STRATOSPHERE see pp 81-85 in Class Notes [ The Ozone Treaty is ] the first truly global treaty that offers protection to every single human being. ~ Mostofa K. Tolba,
More informationATM 507 Lecture 4. Text reading Chapters 3 and 4 Today s topics Chemistry, Radiation and Photochemistry review. Problem Set 1: due Sept.
ATM 507 Lecture 4 Text reading Chapters 3 and 4 Today s topics Chemistry, Radiation and Photochemistry review Problem Set 1: due Sept. 11 Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants Reaction rates change
More informationThe Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature
Chapter The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Geologists have uncovered evidence of when Earth was first able to support oxygenrich atmosphere similar to what we experience today and more so, take
More informationAnswer ALL questions. PART A (10 2 = 20 Marks) 3. State Clausius and Kelvin Statements of second law of thermodynamics.
Reg. No. Question Paper Code : 27653 B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2015/JANUARY 2016 First Semester Civil Engineering CY 6151 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY I (Common to all branches except Marine Engineering)
More informationThe Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4
The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4 Size of the Earth s Atmosphere Atmosphere produced over 4.6 billion years of development Protects us from radiation Completely surrounds the earth
More informationATM 507 Lecture 5. Text reading Chapter 4 Problem Set #2 due Sept. 20 Today s topics Photochemistry and Photostationary State Relation
ATM 507 Lecture 5 Text reading Chapter 4 Problem Set #2 due Sept. 20 Today s topics Photochemistry and Photostationary State Relation Beer-Lambert Law (for the absorption of light) Used to describe the
More informationATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Air Pollution Chemistry Lecture 1
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Air Pollution Chemistry Lecture 1 Note Page numbers refer to Daniel Jacob s online textbook: http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/ jacobbook/index.html Atmos = vapor + sphaira
More informationWorld Journal of Engineering Research and Technology WJERT
wjert, 208, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 398-48. Original Article ISSN 2454-695X WJERT www.wjert.org SJIF Impact Factor: 5.28 STUDY ON POLY METHYL METHACRYLATE (PMMA) DEGRADATION DUE TO WEATHERING AND ITS EFFECT ON
More informationFinal Review Meteorology
Final Review Meteorology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is an example of climate? a. A sudden snowstorm resulted
More informationScience 1206 Unit 2: Weather Dynamics Worksheet 8: Layers of the Atmosphere
Science 1206 Unit 2: Weather Dynamics Worksheet 8: Layers of the Atmosphere The atmosphere has a definite impact upon weather patterns and changes. At one time the atmosphere was once considered to be
More informationRecommendations from COST 713 UVB Forecasting
Recommendations from COST 713 UVB Forecasting UV observations UV observations can be used for comparison with models to get a better understanding of the processes influencing the UV levels reaching the
More informationESS 111 Climate & Global Change. Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts
ESS 111 Climate & Global Change Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given place and time. For example, right now, the temperature
More informationIntroduction to Electromagnetic Radiation and Radiative Transfer
Introduction to Electromagnetic Radiation and Radiative Transfer Temperature Dice Results Visible light, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), X-rays, γ-rays, microwaves, and radio are all forms of electromagnetic
More informationrelative spectral irradiance in outdoor UVR spectrum [1]
UV STABILITY OF ARMA-CHEK MASTIC Armacell provides innovative thermal and acoustic insulation solutions that create significant value to end users. The performance of all our products, system components
More informationAST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System
AST 105 Intro Astronomy The Solar System STRUCTURE OF A PLANET S ATMOSPHERE If you remember this. X-rays Ultraviolet Heating & Destruction Heating & Destruction Visible Infrared Transmission and Scattering
More informationAdvanced Organic Chemistry Chm 512/412 Spring Handout I Photochemistry Part 1. Photophysical Processes Quenching Alkene cis-trans Isomerization
Advanced rganic Chemistry Chm 512/412 Spring 2010 Handout I Photochemistry Part 1 Photophysical Processes Quenching Alkene cis-trans Isomerization Importance of Photochemistry/Photophysics rganic Synthesis
More informationCharacteristics of the Atmosphere
Characteristics of the Atmosphere * The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. * It contains oxygen and protects us from the sun's ultraviolet rays. * The atmosphere has 78% Nitrogen,
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? About 10 km thick
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? Sources of Gas Losses of Gas Thermal Escape Earth s Atmosphere About 10 km thick Consists mostly of molecular
More informationAging behavior of polymeric absorber materials for solar thermal collectors
Aging behavior of polymeric absorber materials for solar thermal collectors Susanne Kahlen, Gernot M. Wallner, Reinhold W. Lang July, 211 Introduction Plastics based collectors 2 SOLARNOR all-polymeric
More informationSuperior Weathering Solution for PO-Based Automotive Parts Using Advanced Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers
Superior Weathering Solution for P-Based Automotive Parts Using Advanced Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers Takahiro Horikoshi, Takashi Ayabe, Shinichi Ishikawa, Naoshi Kawamoto Polymer Additives R&D Laboratory,
More informationTopic # 13 (cont.) OZONE DEPLETION IN THE STRATOSPHERE Part II
Topic # 13 (cont.) OZONE DEPLETION IN THE STRATOSPHERE Part II A Story of Anthropogenic Disruption of a Natural Steady State p 77-79 in Class Notes REVIEW... Q Is the depletion of STRATOSPHERIC OZONE (in
More informationPhotochemical principles
Chapter 1 Photochemical principles Dr. Suzan A. Khayyat 1 Photochemistry Photochemistry is concerned with the absorption, excitation and emission of photons by atoms, atomic ions, molecules, molecular
More informationUnique nature of Earth s atmosphere: O 2 present photosynthesis
Atmospheric composition Major components N 2 78% O 2 21% Ar ~1% Medium components CO 2 370 ppmv (rising about 1.5 ppmv/year) CH 4 1700 ppbv H 2 O variable Trace components H 2 600 ppbv N 2 O 310 ppbv CO
More information[16] Planetary Meteorology (10/24/17)
1 [16] Planetary Meteorology (10/24/17) Upcoming Items 1. Homework #7 due now. 2. Homework #8 due in one week. 3. Midterm #2 on Nov 7 4. Read pages 239-240 (magnetic fields) and Ch. 10.6 by next class
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Earth s Atmosphere. Atmospheric Pressure
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric
More informationLecture 4: Radiation Transfer
Lecture 4: Radiation Transfer Spectrum of radiation Stefan-Boltzmann law Selective absorption and emission Reflection and scattering Remote sensing Importance of Radiation Transfer Virtually all the exchange
More informationLecture 6 - spectroscopy
Lecture 6 - spectroscopy 1 Light Electromagnetic radiation can be thought of as either a wave or as a particle (particle/wave duality). For scattering of light by particles, air, and surfaces, wave theory
More informationDo Now pg 87. Solve this riddle!
Do Now pg 87 Solve this riddle! You can t see me You can t taste me You can t feel me But you need me I kill 7 million people a year But you kill what keeps me clear What am I? Lesson 15.1 Earth s Atmosphere
More informationThursday, November 1st.
Thursday, November 1st. Announcements. Homework 7 - due Tuesday, Nov. 6 Homework 8 - paper 2 topics, questions and sources due Tuesday, Nov. 13 Midterm Paper 2 - due Tuesday, Nov. 20 I will hand out a
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationCharacterization. Chapter 3: Photo-oxidative degradation in Nylon 66 : Chemical. 3.1 Introduction
Chapter 3: Photo-oxidative degradation in Nylon 66 : Chemical Characterization 3.1 Introduction Aliphatic polyamides have got very good applications as engineering plastic as well as fiber material. During
More informationThe Atmosphere. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems
The Atmosphere 1 How big is the atmosphere? Why is it cold in Geneva? Why do mountaineers need oxygen on Everest? 2 A relatively thin layer of gas over the Earths surface Earth s radius ~ 6400km Atmospheric
More informationAtmospheric Composition and Structure
Atmospheric Composition and Structure Weather and Climate What is weather? The state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. Defined by: Humidity, temperature, wind speed, clouds, precipitation,
More informationSolar Variability and the Effects on the Earth s Atmosphere James Brenton Jerry Harder, Peter Pilewskie, Erik Richard Laboratory for Atmospheric and
Solar Variability and the Effects on the Earth s Atmosphere James Brenton Jerry Harder, Peter Pilewskie, Erik Richard Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado, Boulder j_brenton@neo.tamu.edu
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric
More informationVolume # 7 Issue # 8 August 2015 Rs.5/- Volume # 7 Issue # 8 August-September 2015 INTERNATIONAL.
Rs.5/- Volume # 7 Issue # 8 August 2015 Rs.5/- Volume # 7 Issue # 8 August-September 2015 INTERNATIONAL www.eqmaglive.com www.eqmaglive.com Materials Matter For Reliable Performance And Power Output Of
More informationTHE EFFECT OF PHOTOCATALYTIC BUILDING MATERIALS IN URBAN DEPOLLUTION
THE EFFECT OF PHOTOCATALYTIC BUILDING MATERIALS IN URBAN DEPOLLUTION Th. Maggos, D. Kotzias, J.G Bartzis, N. Moussiopoulos Photocatalysis provides a very promising solution for pollutants removal compared
More informationSurface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg )
Name: Block: Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg. 352 385) 11.1: Focus on the Atmosphere: Weather and Climate What is the difference between the weather
More informationD DAVID PUBLISHING. Simulation of Accelerated Ageing of UV-Radiation for Photodegradable Geotextiles/Geomembranes. 1. Introduction
Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 1 (2016) 44-50 doi:10.17265/2328-2193/2016.01.005 D DAVID PUBLISHING Simulation of Accelerated Ageing of UV-Radiation for Photodegradable Geotextiles/Geomembranes
More informationThe Atmosphere. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.
The Atmosphere Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. Which of the following describes an example of the atmosphere acting as a system? a. its
More informationPlanetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Pearson Education, Inc.
Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric properties
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning:! What is an atmosphere?! How does the greenhouse effect warm
More informationThe Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum A Brief History of Light 1000 AD It was proposed that light consisted of tiny particles Newton Used this particle model to explain reflection and refraction Huygens 1678 Explained
More informationI T A T I O N H B I T B T V A O C J K M R S A T M O S P H E R E
Word Search Directions: Below are definitions of vocabulary terms. Figure out each term and then find and circle it in the puzzle. Words may appear horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. K E M I S S
More informationChap. 12 Photochemistry
Chap. 12 Photochemistry Photochemical processes Jablonski diagram 2nd singlet excited state 3rd triplet excited state 1st singlet excited state 2nd triplet excited state 1st triplet excited state Ground
More information1. The most important aspects of the quantum theory.
Lecture 5. Radiation and energy. Objectives: 1. The most important aspects of the quantum theory: atom, subatomic particles, atomic number, mass number, atomic mass, isotopes, simplified atomic diagrams,
More informationCharacteristics of the Atmosphere
Characteristics of the Atmosphere * The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. * It contains oxygen and protects us from the sun's ultraviolet rays. * The atmosphere has 78% Nitrogen,
More informationCommon Elements: Nitrogen, 78%
Chapter 23 Notes Name: Period: 23.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE The atmosphere is a layer of that surrounds the earth and influences all living things. Meteorology is the study of the. WHAT S IN
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric
More informationLight Matter Interactions: Theory and Applications (LMITA) What is Light?
What is Light? Light is a Form of Electromagnetic Radiation Light and Matter Fundamentals Light is a manifestation of electromagnetic force. Matter is composed of charged particles, or atoms, which consist
More informationThe Study of the Atmosphere
1 The Study of the Atmosphere Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to distinguish between weather and climate (pp. 2 5); describe how the various components of the climate
More informationChapter 15 Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry
Chapter 15 Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry Two types of Luminescence methods are: 1) Photoluminescence, Light is directed onto a sample, where it is absorbed and imparts excess energy into the material
More informationLight and Photosynthesis. Supplemental notes Lab 4 Horticultural Therapy
Light and Photosynthesis Supplemental notes Lab 4 Horticultural Therapy Light The Electromagnetic Spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength, the
More informationSTRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION. Adapted from K. Sturges at MBHS
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION Adapted from K. Sturges at MBHS Ozone Layer Ozone is Good up high Stratosphere Bad nearby Troposphere Solar Radiation - range of electromagnetic waves UV shortest we see if
More informationSection 2: The Atmosphere
Section 2: The Atmosphere Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives The Atmosphere Composition of the Atmosphere Air Pressure Layers of the Atmosphere The Troposphere Section 2: The Atmosphere Preview, continued
More informationDuPont Tedlar PVF Based Backsheets Performance comparison vis-avis PVDF and PET based backsheets
DuPont Tedlar PVF Based Backsheets Performance comparison vis-avis PVDF and PET based backsheets Backsheet Deemed Most Critical Material to Protect Solar Module Most Critical Component Crystalline Silicone
More informationGeneral Comments about the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets
General Comments about the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets Mercury Very little atmosphere Contents: vaporized micrometeorites, solar wind Sky is black Venus Very thick (10% density of water), dense
More information2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics
17.1 Atmospheric Characteristics Atmosphere: the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth I. In the past, gases came from volcanic eruptions A. Water vapor was a major component of outgassing B. Other gases
More informationTananyag fejlesztés idegen nyelven
Tananyag fejlesztés idegen nyelven Prevention of the atmosphere KÖRNYEZETGAZDÁLKODÁSI AGRÁRMÉRNÖKI MSC (MSc IN AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES) Fundamentals in air radition properties Lecture 8 Lessons 22-24
More informationNatté P CLARITY & COMFORT POLYESTER OF = 1-10% COPACO NATTÉ P
Natté P CLARITY & COMFORT POLYESTER OF = 1-10% COPACO NATTÉ P 1 Your view is key. Maintain your privacy and filter out unnecessary sunlight. Meet Visi. COPACO NATTÉ P 3 Natté P POLYESTER OF = 1-10% Natté
More informationOutline. Planetary Atmospheres. General Comments about the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets. General Comments, continued
Outline Planetary Atmospheres Chapter 10 General comments about terrestrial planet atmospheres Atmospheric structure & the generic atmosphere Greenhouse effect Magnetosphere & the aurora Weather & climate
More informationPlanetary Atmospheres
Planetary Atmospheres Structure Composition Clouds Meteorology Photochemistry Atmospheric Escape EAS 4803/8803 - CP 17:1 Structure Generalized Hydrostatic Equilibrium P( z) = P( 0)e z # ( ) " dr / H r
More informationAtmosphere & Heat Transfer Basics Notes
Atmosphere & Heat Transfer Basics Notes S6E4. A: Analyze and interpret data to compare and contrast the composition of Earth s atmospheric layers (including the ozone layer) and greenhouse gases. Read
More informationUV Degradation of Polycarbonate
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Senior Theses and Projects Materials Physics 5-2017 UV Degradation of Polycarbonate Katie Gamaunt Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mp_seniorthesesprojects
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 3. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 3 Quantum Transitions The energy of a photon can also be transferred to an elementary particle by adsorption if the energy of the photon exactly matches the
More informationPlanetary Atmospheres
Planetary Atmospheres Structure Composition Meteorology Clouds Photochemistry Atmospheric Escape EAS 4803/8803 - CP 20:1 Cloud formation Saturated Vapor Pressure: Maximum amount of water vapor partial
More informationTopic # 14 OZONE DEPLETION IN THE STRATOSPHERE
Topic # 14 OZONE DEPLETION IN THE STRATOSPHERE A Story of Anthropogenic Disruption of a Natural Steady State p 77 in Class Notes AN OZONE-RELATED CARTOON: MISCONCEPTION! Q1 Is the depletion of STRATOSPHERIC
More informationCHAPTER 8. AEROSOLS 8.1 SOURCES AND SINKS OF AEROSOLS
1 CHAPTER 8 AEROSOLS Aerosols in the atmosphere have several important environmental effects They are a respiratory health hazard at the high concentrations found in urban environments They scatter and
More informationColombo, Sri Lanka) 3 (Department of Chemistry / University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka) (1)
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 2, Issue 4(April 2013), PP.11-16 Mechanical Properties And Kinetics Of Weight Loss Of
More informationSpectroscopy. Page 1 of 8 L.Pillay (2012)
Spectroscopy Electromagnetic radiation is widely used in analytical chemistry. The identification and quantification of samples using electromagnetic radiation (light) is called spectroscopy. Light has
More informationChapter 2 Protecting the Ozone Layer. The Ozone Hole
Today (Tues 2/24) Newspaper Articles: Ciara Rodwell and Melissa Regan Intro to Ozone, Ozone Hole, & Chapter 2 Light, matter, and human health! Laboratory: Experiment 4 You design investigation Start Ozone
More informationRadiation in the atmosphere
Radiation in the atmosphere Flux and intensity Blackbody radiation in a nutshell Solar constant Interaction of radiation with matter Absorption of solar radiation Scattering Radiative transfer Irradiance
More informationChapter 2: Scope and Objectives
Chapter 2: Scope and Objectives 2.1 Introduction Now-a-days the production of polymers and plastics is increasing. Nylon 66 is a widely used yarn as well as engineering resin. Moreover, it is used in outdoor
More informationLECTURE 6 - THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
LECTURE 6 - THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE Note: Slide numbers refer to the PowerPoint presentation which accompanies the lecture. Earth s Atmosphere, slide 1 here INTRODUCTION Earth s Atmosphere, slide 2 here
More informationUV-Vis Absorption Experiment 5: Beer- Lambert Law and the Temperature Dependence of the Crystal Violet- Sodium Hydroxide Reaction
1 UV-Vis Absorption Experiment 5: Beer- Lambert Law and the Temperature Dependence of the Crystal Violet- Sodium Hydroxide Reaction Overview In Part A of this experiment, the absorption behaviour of crystal
More informationStudies towards Lightfast Automotive Dyes for Polyester
Studies towards Lightfast Automotive Dyes for Polyester arold S. Freeman, atacha Berthelon, and Laura C. Edwards Fiber and Polymer Science Program orth Carolina State University, Box 8301 Raleigh, C 27695,
More informationLecture- 08 Emission and absorption spectra
Atomic and Molecular Absorption Spectrometry for Pollution Monitoring Dr. J R Mudakavi Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Lecture- 08 Emission and absorption spectra
More informationOzone in the Atmosphere
Ozone in the Atmosphere Why are we concerned with ozone? This simple molecule affects us in very important ways. It protects us, as well as all animals and plants on our planet, from the harm that ultraviolet
More information