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1 Availabl onlin a Plagia Rsarch Library Dr Chmica Sinica, 04, 5(): 8-3 ISSN: CODEN (USA) CSHIA5 Sorpion dynamics of acid and basic dys ono acivad carbon drivd from ipomoa carna sm was I. Arockiaraj *, S. Karhikyan and V. Rnuga 3 Dparmn of Chmisry, Pavndar Bharahidasan Collg of Enginring and Tchnology, Trichy, TN, India Dparmn of Chmisry, Chikkanna Govrnmn Ars Collg, Tirupur, TN, India 3 Dparmn of Chmisry, Naional Collg, Trichy, TN, India ABSTRACT Acivad carbon marials wr prpard from abundanly availabl Ipomoa Carna sm was. A sris of carbon sampls wr prpard by subjcing h carbon marial o various chmical procsss. Ths marials accumula suprior propris and good adsorpion bhaviours. Th adsorpion capaciy of slcd drivd carbon sampl using Ipomoa Carna sm was prpard by Dolomi procss was much grar han h capaciis of h ohr carbons prpard by various procsss. Th adsorpion of Acid Rd (Acid dy) and Basic Viol 0( Basic dy) on his dolomi rad acivad carbon was invsigad o assss h possibl us of his adsorbn for h procssing of dying indusry waswar. Th influnc of various facors such as iniial dy concnraion, agiaion im and Paricl siz on h adsorpion capaciy has bn sudid. Th prcnag rmoval of dy is obsrvd o dcras wih h incras in iniial dy concnraion..th adsorpion of dy also dcrass wih incras in Paricl siz. Kinic daa hav bn sudid using Psudo-firs ordr and Psudo-scond ordr uaions for undrsanding h racion mchanism. Kywords: Acivad Carbon, Acid Rd, Basic Viol 0, Adsorpion INTRODUCTION Many rpors hav appard on h dvlopmn of low cos acivad carbon adsorbns dvlopd from chapr and radily availabl marials [].Nanoporous carbon marial wih larg surfac ara, micro porous characr and chmical naur of hir surfac hav mad hm ponial adsorbns for rmoval of havy dys from indusrial waswar. Th adsorpiv propris of acivad carbon for rmoval of polluans ar wll documnd []. Adsorpion of hazardous solubl chmicals from waswar in o surfac of a solid adsorbn has providd a nw dimnsion o waswar chnology [3]. On of h major challngs associad wih adsorpion by acivad carbon is is cos ffcivnss. This has ld many workrs o sarch for chapr subsius. Crab shll [4], panu hull plls [5], Piolar fl-sah of palm [6], corn sarch [7], soyaban hull and sugar ba fibr [8], ric husk [9], spn grain [0], d-oild soya [], Ipomoa carna sm [], Lucana lucocphala shll was [3], urmric was [4] and sawdus [5] ar som nw adsorbns, which hav bn rid wih varying succss. Morovr, h affiniy of carbon surfac owards solu molculs mus b nhancd in ordr o incras h xn of solu adsorpion. Comparison of siz informaion availabl for commrcial acivad carbon pors and solu molculs in naural wars suggs ha som fracions of solu will b abl o accss finr carbon pors [6]. In h prsn work, w hav prpard acivad carbon from Ipomoa carna sm was which is usd as an adsorbn for Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 rmoval and h adsorpion capaciy of chosn adsorbn was rgulad by many influncing facors such as Paricl siz, ph and iniial dy concnraions. Th kinic adsorpion daa obaind wr corrlad o characriz h prpard carbon sampl for h adsorpion of Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0. Plagia Rsarch Library 8

2 I. Arockiaraj al Dr Chmica Sinica, 04, 5():8-3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Prparaion of Adsorbn Th raw sms of Ipomoa Carna wr cu ino small pics and drid in sunligh unil h moisur was vaporad. Th drid marials wr usd for h prparaion of acivad carbons using physical and chmical acivaion mhods. Th sm was marial was rad wih dolomi for a priod of 4 hours. Thn h marial was placd in h muffl furnac carbonizd a 400 C. Th drid marials wr powdrd and acivad in a muffl furnac kp a 800 C for a priod of 60 minus. Afr acivaion, h carbon obaind was washd wih plny of war, drid and sivd o dsird paricl siz. Prparaion of Adsorba Th xil dys Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 wr obaind as rsarch grad chmicals and wr usd wihou purificaion. Th sock soluions of rspciv dys wr prpard by dissolving g of dy in 000 ml of doubl disilld war and usd for furhr sudis by diluing as concnraions ruird. Bach adsorpion sudis All ragns usd wr of AR grad (E-mrk). Diffrn concnraions of dy soluion of Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 wr prpard wih disilld war. 50 ml of ach of his dy soluion of known iniial concnraion (C 0 ) and iniial ph was akn in a 00 ml scrw-cap conical flask wih a ruird amoun of adsorbn and was agiad a a spd of 00 rpm in a mpraur conrolld hrmosaic shakr bah a 30 0 C for a spcifid priod of im. Thn h soluion was filrd and h concnraions of dy in soluions wr drmind bfor and afr adsorpion using Elico UV-visibl spcrophoomr. Th amoun of dy adsorbd and adsorpion fficincy wr calculad. Drminaion of Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 Ths dys wr simad spcrophoomrically. Th amoun of dy adsorbd in mg/l a im, was compud by using h following uaion. C C m = () 0 whr, C 0 and C ar h dy concnraion in mg/l iniially and a givn im, rspcivly, V is h volum of h dy soluion in ml and m s is h wigh of h acivad carbon. Th prcnag of rmovd dys in soluion was calculad using uaion. () % R m oval = s V C C C Adsorpion dynamics Th sudy of adsorpion dynamics dscribs h solu upak ra and vidnly his ra conrols h rsidnc im of adsorba upak a h solid-soluion inrfac. Th kinics of adsorpion on h acivad carbon was analyzd using psudo firs ordr Lagrgrn, psudo scond ordr kinic modls.th conformiy bwn xprimnal daa and h modl prdicd valus was xprssd by h corrlaion cofficins. A rlaivly high R valu indicas ha h modl succssfully dscribs h kinics of dy adsorpion. Th psudo firs ordr uaion Th psudo firs ordr Lagrgrn uaion [7] is gnrally xprssd as follows. () d d = k ( ) (3) whr, and ar h adsorpion capaciy a uilibrium and a im, rspcivly (mg g - ), k is h ra consan of psudo firs ordr adsorpion (lmin - ). Afr ingraion and applying boundary condiions =0 o = and = 0 o =, h ingraion form of uaion (3) bcoms. log( ) k log( ) =.303 (4) Plagia Rsarch Library 9

3 I. Arockiaraj al Dr Chmica Sinica, 04, 5():8-3 Th valu of log ( ) wr linarly corrlad wih. Th plo of log ( ) Vs should giv a linar rlaionship from which k and can b drmind from h slop and inrcp of h plo, rspcivly. Th psudo scond ordr uaion. Th psudo scond ordr adsorpion kinic ra uaion [8] is xprssd as d d = k ( ) (5) whr, k is h ra consan of psudo scond ordr adsorpion (g. mg -. min - ). For h boundary condiions = 0 o = and = 0 o =, h ingrad form of uaion (5) bcoms. = +k Which is h ingrad ra law for psudo scond ordr racion. Euaion (6) can b rarrangd o obain uaion(7), which has a linar form. (6) = k + ( ) (7) If h iniial adsorpion ra h (mg g - min - ) is h =k (8) Thn, Euaions. (7) And (8) bcom: = + h ( ) (9) Th plo of (/ ) and of uaion (7) should giv a linar rlaionship from which and k can b drmind from h slop and inrcp of h plo, rspcivly. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Surfac characrs of acivad carbon Th morphology of h surfac of h prpard acivad carbon sampl was xamind using Scanning Elcron Micrographs. Ipomoa Carna Acivad Carbon (ICAC) has many pors, small caviis and rough aras wih micro pors which wr clarly found on h surfac. This shows ha dolomi ramn crad wlldvlopd pors wih uniform disribuion on h surfac of h prcursor, hrfor lading o h acivad carbon wih larg surfac ara and porous srucur.th morphological sudy by SEM of h abov adsorbn shown in h Fig. rvald ha i is highly porous in naur (Yoshida al. 993). Figur. SEM imag of ipoma Carna sm was Plagia Rsarch Library 0

4 I. Arockiaraj al Dr Chmica Sinica, 04, 5():8-3 Amoun of Dy Rmovd, mg/g Tim, min 0 mg/l 40 mg/l 60 mg/l Figur. Effc of Agiaion im and iniial dy concnraion On Acid Rd Adsorpion /, min g/mg Tim, min Figur 3 Effc of paricl siz Variaion on Psudo Scond Ordr Plo for Acid Rd Adsorpion log ( - ) Tim, min Figur 4 Effc of paricl siz Variaion on Psudo Firs Ordr Plo for Basic Viol 0 Adsorpion Plagia Rsarch Library

5 I. Arockiaraj al Dr Chmica Sinica, 04, 5():8-3 Effc of ph Th ph valu of h soluion bing an imporan conrolling paramr in adsorpion is mainly influncd by wo facors: (i) Disribuion of h dy ionizd spcis in h soluion phas and (ii) Ovrall charg of h adsorbn. Thrfor h inracion bwn dy molcul and h adsorbn is basically a combind rsul of chargs on h dy molculs and h surfac of h adsorbn. Th adsorpion bhaviour of h dy on h adsorbn was sudid ovr a wid ph rang of -0. I is Obsrvd ha h ph significanly affcs h xn of adsorpion of dy ovr h adsorbn and a rducion in h amoun adsorbd dy wih incrasing ph was obsrvd. Th maximum upak of h Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 was obsrvd a ph 5.0 and ph 4.0 as wll as a larg dcras in adsorpion capaciy was obsrvd as h ph was incrasd abov h pka valu of Acid dy and h rvrs parn was obsrvd for Basic dy. Effc of Agiaion im and Iniial dy Concnraion Th upak of Acid dy from war by acivad carbon incrass whn h agiaion im was varid from 0 o 60 minus and aains uilibrium a 60 minus and whn h mpraur was 30 C, ph 6.5, iniial concnraion of h dy soluions usd was 0 mg/l and h adsorbn dosag of 50mg and 40 minus for Basic dy. As h iniial dy concnraion incrass from 0 mg/l o 60 mg/l, h amoun of dy rmoval also incrass.th incras in adsorpion of dy wih incras in agiaion im may b aribud o h incrasd inra paricl diffusion occurring a long shaking im (Fig. ). A similar rsul was obsrvd by Rao & Bhol [0] in h rmoval of chromium using fly ash and bagass. Effc of paricl siz on kinic ra consan and ra paramrs For his adsorpion procss, adsorpion xprimns wr carrid ou wih fixd iniial dy concnraion (0mg/L) and ph 6.5 wih diffrn paricl siz viz , and µm. Th analysis of h daa in Tabl and rvals ha h influnc of paricl siz on h adsorpion of boh h dys hav comparaivly lil ffc on h psudo firs ordr ra consans. Th abl and also rvals ha h influnc of h paricl siz on psudo scond ordr(fig.3) ra consan is apprciabl. I is obvious ha h adsorpion of dy ono h adsorbn is bs dscribd by psudo scond ordr ra uaion wih rgrssion cofficin valu which is grar han Tabl. Th adsorpion kinic modl ra consans for Acivad Carbon ICAC wih diffrn paricl siz Dy AR Paricl siz Psudo firs ordr k k lmin - R g mg - min - Psudo Scond ordr h mg g - R min µm µm µm Tabl. Th adsorpion kinic modl ra consans for Acivad Carbon ICAC wih diffrn paricl siz Dy BV 0 Paricl siz Psudo firs ordr k k lmin - R g mg - min - Psudo Scond ordr h mg g - R min µm µm µm CONCLUSION In h prsn sudy, adsorpion of Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 on acivad Ipomoa carna carbon has bn invsigad. Th daa obaind hrough his work suppor ha h Ipomoa carna carbon is an ffciv low cos adsorbn for h rmoval of hs dys from auous soluion. Th dy adsorpion is dpndn on h iniial concnraion and agiaion im. Euilibrium of Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 adsorpion rachs a 60 minus and 40 minus rspcivly. Th psudo-scond ordr uaion providd a bs fi dscripion for h sorpion of Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 ono Ipomoa carna sm was carbon, as i had br corrlaion cofficin valus han psudo firs ordr uaion. Thrfor, psudo-scond ordr was considrd h mos appropria du o high corrlaion cofficin whn compard o psudo firs ordr uaion. Th adsorpion of Acid Rd and Basic Viol 0 ono Ipomoa carna sm was carbon gav br rsuls. Plagia Rsarch Library

6 I. Arockiaraj al Dr Chmica Sinica, 04, 5():8-3 REFERENCES [] Babl, S. and Kurniawan, T.A. (003) J. Hazardous Mar. 9. [] Macias Garsia, A., Valnzula, C. and Gomz Srrano, V. (993) Carbon. 3,44. [3] Bnfild, L.D., Judkins, J.F. and Wand, B.L. (98), Procss Chmisry for War and Waswar Tramn, Prnic-Hall, Englwood Cliffs, NJ. [4] Ann, H.K., Park, B.Y. and Kim, D.S. 00. War Rsarch, 35: [5] Brown, P., Jfcoa, I.A., Parrish, D., Gill, S. and Graham, E Advancd Environmnal Rsarch, 4: 9-9. [6] Ibal, M., Sad, A. and Akhar, N. 00. Biorsourc. Tchnology, 8: [7] Kwon, D.K., Choi, J.K., Kim, E.K. and Lim, S.T. 00. Carbohydra Polymrs, 46: [8] Jambulingam, M., Rnugadvi, N., Karhikyan, S., Kiruhika, J. and Paabi, S., 005. Indian Journal of Environmnal Procion, 5(5): [9] Low, K.S., L, C.K. and Li, S.C Sorpion of cadmium and lad from auous soluion by spn grain. Procss [0] Low, K.S. and L, C. K Biorsourc Tchnology, 6: -5. [] Gupa, V. K., Mial, A. and Gajb, V., J. Colloid. Inrfac Sci., 84, (005). [] Karhikyan, S., Bhuvanswari, G., Malahi,.S., Mahswari, P. and Sivakumar, B. (007) J. Ind. Council Chm. 4, 63. [3] Karhikyan, S., Sivakumar, P. and Palanisamy, P.N. (008) E-Journal of Chmisry, 5, 409. [4] Karhikyan, S., Sivakumar, P. (0) J. Environ. Nanochnol. (), 5-. [5] Marshall, W.E. and Johns, M.M Journal of Chmical Tchnology Biochnology, 66: 9-98 [6] Namasivayam, C.and Yamuna, R.T War, Air and Soil Polluion, 3: [7] Lagrgrn, S. (898) Zur hori dr Sognannn Adsorpion glosr soff, Kungliga Svnska Vnskapskadmins, Handlingar. 4,. [8] Ho, Y. S. and Macy, G., Adsorp. Sci. Tchnol., 8, (000). [9] Yoshida, H., Fukuda, S., Okamoa, A. and Kaaoko, T Chmical Enginring Scinc, 48: [0] Rao, M. and Bhol, A.G. 00. Journal of Indian War Works Associaion, 97: Plagia Rsarch Library 3