Investigation on Biosorption of Reactive Blue 140 by Dead Biomass of Aspergillus niger HM11: Kinetics and Isotherm Studies

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1 Global Journal of Biochnology & Biochmisry 4 (): , 9 ISSN X IDOSI Publicaions, 9 Invsigaion on Biosorpion of Raciv Blu 14 by Dad Biomass of Asprgillus nigr HM11: Kinics and Isohrm Sudis 1 1 K. Nanhakumar, K. Karhikyan and P. Lakshmanaprumalsamy 1 Dparmn of Environmnal Scincs, School of Lif Scincs, Bharahiar Univrsiy, Coimbaor-64146, Tamilnadu, India Karpagam Univrsiy, Eachanari Pos, Coimbaor-641 1, Tamilnadu, India Absrac: Th biosorpion quilibria and kinics of Raciv blu 14 wr xamind in his sudy using dad fungal biomass of Asprgillus nigr HM11. Th rsuls gaind from his sudy wr dscribd by Langmuir isohrm modl br han Frundlich isohrm modls o h biosorpion quilibrium daa. Th scond-ordr kinic modl by Ho and Mckay dscribd wll h xprimnal daa. Sudis on ph ffc and dsorpion show ha chmisorpion sms o play a major rol in h adsorpion procss. Th maximum adsorpion capaciy was calculad for dad biomass indicaing ha dad biomass can b considrd as a good sorbn marial for Raciv blu 14 soluion sinc auoclavd biomass is much safr as i dos no pos any hra o nvironmn. Ky words: Biosorpion Raciv blu 14 Asprgillus nigr HM11 Isohrms Kinics SEM INTRODUCTION basic lmns (minralizing). Inrs is hrfor now focusd on h microbial biodgradaion of dys as a Dys usually hav a synhic origin and complx br alrnaiv [9]. aromaic molcular srucurs which possibly com Fungal sysms appar o b mos appropria from coal-ar basd hydrocarbons such as bnzn, biological agn in h ramn of colord and mallic naphhaln, anhracn, olun and xyln [1]. Thr ar ffluns [1]. In rcn yars, svral adsorbns hav mor han 1, commrcially availabl dys wih ovr bn idnifid as possssing good dy-binding 7 7x 1 ons of dysuff producd annually worldwid [-3]. capabiliis [11-14]. In paricular, biomarials of microbial According o h saisics, India, h formr USSR, origin hav bn vry ffciv bcaus of hir cll wall Easrn Europ, China, Souh Kora and Taiwan consum consiuns. Imporan fungal biosorbns includ approximaly housand ons (k) of dys annually [4]. Asprgillus [15], Pnicillium [16] and Rhizopus [17-18]. Txil dying indusris in Tirupur and Karur of Tamil Kping his in mind, h prsn sudy has bn Nadu (India) discharg ffluns ranging bwn 8 and dsignd o uiliz Asprgillus nigr HM11, a promising 3 m / of producion [5]. fungal agn for biosorpion of Raciv blu 14 from Th dys prsn in xil fflun impar aquous soluion. prsisn color o h rciving srams and inrfr wih phoosynhsis of h phyoplankon [6] and MATERIALS AND METHODS his lads o chains of advrs ffcs on h aquaic co-sysm, as h growh of primary as wll as scondary Dy suff: Dy was procurd from a xil indusry and riary consumr is advrsly affcd. Addiionally, siuad in Coimbaor, Tamil Nadu, India. Th dy usd oxic dgradaion producs can b formd. Ths was of commrcial grad and usd wihou furhr chmicals ar no only poisonous o humans bu also purificaion. found oxic o aquaic lif [7] and hy may rsul in food conaminaion [8]. A vry hopful ara for rmoving Isolaion and axonomic idnificaion of h fungus: unwand color from xil waswar is bioramn Th fungal srain was isolad from h soil of dy ha is mbald a braking down h dy molculs o conaminad indusrial si locad in Coimbaor disric, Corrspoding Auhor: P. Lakshmanaprumalsamy, Karpagam univrsiy, Eachanari pos, Coimbaor 641 1, Tamilnadu, India 169

2 Adsorpion Exprimns Bach mod sudis: Bach mod xprimns wr carrid ou o invsiga facors such as agiaion im, iniial concnraion of dys, dosag of h biosorbn and ph influncing h ra and xn of upak of Raciv blu 14 by dad fungal biosorbn. Effc of ph: Th adsorba soluions (5 ml in 1 ml conical flasks) wr prpard a various lvls of ph (., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 1. and 11.) using ihr 1. N HCl or 1. N NaOH. Th dy soluions wr agiad wih opimum dosags of adsorbns (.5 g of dad biomass). Th amoun of dy adsorbd was calculad. Th opimum ph was drmind from h plo drawn wih ph agains prcn dy rmoval. Effc of Agiaion im and Iniial dy concnraions: Fify ml of Raciv blu 14 a various concnraions (1,, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mg/l) wr akn in 1 ml conical flasks. To h aquous soluions, on gm of adsorbn (dad biomass) was addd and h flasks wr agiad on a roary shakr (15 rpm) a 3 C. Th flasks wr wihdrawn a 5, 1, 15,, 5, 3, 45, 6, 75, 9, 15, 1, Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , 9 Tamilnadu, India. Furhr confirmaion of axonomic 135, 15, 165 and 18 mins. Th adsorbn was idnificaion of h fungal isola was carrid ou a sparad by cnrifugaion a 1 rpm for 15 mins. Fungus Idnificaion Srvic, Mycology and Plan Th concnraion of rmaining adsorba was Pahology Laboraory, Agharkhar Rsarch Insiu, drmind. From his, h amoun adsorbd was Pun, India. calculad. A plo was drawn o drmin h opimum conac im o obain quilibrium in adsorpion. Conrol Biosorpion sudis xprimns wr carrid ou wihou adsorbn o Prparaion of fungal biomass: Fiv days old Asprgillus sima h adsorba rmoval du o adsorpion on o nigr HM11 spors of.6 cm (Rf 3.9.1) suspnsion was h walls of h flasks. akn and inoculad ino 5 ml of sril minimal mdia (ph 6.) in 1 ml Erlnmyr flaks and incubad a 3 C Effc of Adsorbn dosag: Th adsorba soluions for 4 hrs undr shaking a 15rpm. Afr good growh, (5 ml) wr agiad wih various dosags of dad h myclium dvlopd as plls was sparad by biomass of A.nigr HM11 (.1,.,.3,.5,.75 and filraion hrough Whamann.No.1 filr papr and 1.g / 5 ml) a 15 rpm a 3 C for h quilibrium priod. washd wih gnrous amoun of d-ionizd war unil Afr h quilibrium priod, h adsorbns and h fr from h mdia componns. This was usd for h adsorba wr sparad and h amoun adsorbd was prparaion of dad biomass. drmind. A graph was plod wih adsorbn dosag vs prcn adsorba rmoval. Th opimum adsorbn Dad biomass: Th washd myclial plls wr dosag for adsorbn rmoval was drmind. Th daa subjcd o auoclaving for 3 min a 11 C and usd as obaind in h adsorpion sudis wr usd for h dad biomass. drminaion of Langmuir and Frundlich isohrms and for Lagrgrn ra consan and h scond ordr ra Prparaion of h Adsorba: Th sock soluion of kinics. 1 mg/l of Raciv blu 14 was prpard. From h sock soluion, various concnraions of working dy Masurmn of dcolorizaion: Th absorpion soluions (1,, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mg/l) wr prpard. spcra of h clar suprnaan wr rcordd a max. (61nm) using a spcrophoomr (UV-Vis 31, Hiachi, Japan). Mdium conaining dys wihou h inoculum was akn as conrol and h xprimns wr carrid ou in riplicas. Th iniial and final absorbanc valus obaind wr hn usd o calcula prcnag dcolorizaion of h dy: Iniial absorbanc valu-final absorbanc valu Iniial absorbanc valu Dsorpion sudis: This was carrid ou wih adsorba loadd adsorbns obaind from bach procsss, in which h adsorba soluions (5 mg/l) wr rad wih opimum dosag of adsorbns for opimum conac im. Th plls wr washd gnly wih disilld war o rmov unabsorbd dys. Afr washing, on s of dy adsorbd dad sampls was rsuspndd in flask conaining 5 ml of disilld war and moniord a diffrn im inrvals of, 15, 3, 6, 9, 1 and 15 mins using 1. N NaOH as a dsorpion agn and agiad for h quilibrium im of rspciv adsorba. Adsorpion isohrms and kinics: Th Langmuir plo was obaind using h quilibrium im curvs daa 17

3 Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , 9 (i.. h adsorba concnraion was varid, whil h adsorbn dos was fixd). Frundlich plos wr obaind from h quilibrium daa of h adsorbn dos ffc (i.. h adsorba concnraion was fixd, whil h adsorbn dos was varid). Kinic sudis wr also carrid ou wih diffrn iniial concnraions of Raciv blu 14, whil mainaining h adsorbn dosag a a consan lvl. SEM Analysis: Scanning lcron microscopy of dad biomass bfor and afr biosorpion was carrid ou on a JEOL/EO, JSM-561 (Japan) SEM. Afr biosorpion, h biomass was collcd and washd, drid ovrnigh a 6 C. Th biomasss wr hn glud sparaly on a brass sub using Spo-O-gold labls and wr coad wih gold- palladium using a JEOL, JFC- 1 (Japan) fin coar undr rducd prssur. Th imags of dad biomass wr hn capurd a 3 x and 5 x magnificaions using an lcron bam high volag of Kv a a 45 C il on lf sid. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Idnificaion of h fungal isola: Th fungal srain was idnifid by mploying Lacophnol coon blu saining mhod and basd on h morphological faurs, h srain was idnifid o b Asprgillus sp. Furhr axonomic idnificaion of h fungal isola was carrid ou a Fungus Idnificaion Srvic, Mycology and Plan Pahology Laboraory, Agharkhar Rsarch Insiu, Pun, India. Th fungal isola was idnifid as Asprgillus nigr HM11 and was slcd for furhr biodgradaion and biosorpion sudis. Effc of ph: ph valu of 6. was found o b idal for dad biomass and h maximum prcn rmoval of Raciv blu 14 was 74.9% a a maximum s concnraion of 6 mg/l (Figur 1). Dy adsorpion on o dad fungal biomass a xrm acidic and alkalin condiion, dcrasd h dcolorizaion of Raciv blu 14 (1-6 mg/l). Effc of adsorbn dosag: Whn dad biomass was concrnd, an opimum dy rmoval ( %) was obsrvd a a dosag of.3 g/ 5 ml (Figur ). Minimum and maximum dy rmovals of % and % wr obsrvd a dosags of.1 and.5g/ 5 ml, rspcivly. Consqunly h opimum biomass of.3g (dad biomass) pr 5mL was usd for biosorpion of Raciv blu 14. Effc of agiaion im and iniial dy concnraion: Th adsorpion daa of dy concnraion vrsus agiaion im on Raciv blu 14 rmoval by dad biomass (Figur 3) indicad ha h upak of dy incrasd wih incras in agiaion im, bu rmaind consan afr h quilibrium im priod whras h prcn dy rmoval dcrasd wih an incras in h iniial dy concnraion in h soluion in boh yps of biomass usd. Th quilibrium im rquird for h maximum rmoval of Raciv blu 14 by dad fungal biomass was 135 min a all h dy concnraions sudid. Th prcn dy rmoval a quilibrium im was found o b 93.45% and 77.1% for h dy concnraions of 1 and 6 mg/l rspcivly. Dsorpion profil: Th quilibrium im rquird for h dsorpion of various Raciv blu 14 concnraions from dad biomass was found o b 1 min. Maximum dsorpion of 81.11% a 1 mg/l dy concnraion and 35.8% a 6 mg/l was obsrvd a 1 mins and a similar parn of dsorpion was obsrvd afr 1 mins (Figur 4). Adsorpion isohrms Langmuir isohrm: Th Langmuir isohrm is basd upon an assumpion of monolayr adsorpion ono a surfac conaining fini numbr of adsorpion sis of uniform nrgis of adsorpion wih no ransmigraion of adsorba on h plan of h surfac. Langmuir isohrm is givn by [19], Qbc q = 1 + bc Howvr, h linar form of Langmuir quaion can b wrin as: C 1 C = + q Qb Q Whr, C is h quilibrium concnraion of a dy in soluion (mg/l), q is h amoun of dy sorbd on o fungal biomass (mg/g), Q is h Langmuir consan rlad o sorpion capaciy (mg/g), b is h Langmuir consan rlad o sorpion nrgy (L/mg). Daa obaind for h sorpion of dy in h concnraion rang of 1 o 6 mg/l of Raciv blu 14 wr fid o h Langmuir isohrm (Figur 5). A plo of C / q vrsus C gav a sraigh lin, h slop and inrcp of which corrspond o Q and b rspcivly. Th compud 171

4 Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , mg/l mg/l 3mg/L 4 mg/l 5 mg/l 6 mg/l 8 % Dcolorizaion ph Fig. 1: Effc of ph on h rmoval of Raciv blu 14 using dad biomass 1 1 mg/l mg/l 3mg/L 4 mg/l 5 mg/l 6 mg/l 9 8 % Dcolorizaion Adsorbn dosag (g/5ml) Fig. : Effc of adsorbn dosag on h rmoval of Raciv blu 14 using dad biomass (conac im: 1 min; ph: 6.; mpraur: 3C) 1 1 mg/l mg/l 3mg/L 4 mg/l 5 mg/l 6 mg/l % Dcolorizaion Tim (mins) Fig. 3: Effc of agiaion im and iniial dy concnraion on h rmoval of Raciv blu 14 using dad biomass (adsorbn dosag:.3g/5 ml; ph: 6.; mpraur: 3C) 17

5 Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , 9 % Dsorpion mg/L mg/l 3mg/L 4mg/L 5mg/L 6mg/L Tim (mins) Fig. 4: Dsorpion profil of Raciv blu 14 from dad biomass C/Q (g/l) y =.17x R = C (mg/l) Fig. 5: Langmuir plo for Raciv blu 14 biosorpion using dad biomass Tabl 1: Langmuir and Frundlich isohrm consans Langmuir consans Frundlich consans Q(mg/g) b (L/mg) R Kf 1/n R Tabl : Comparison of h RL, R and ra consans of Lagrgrn I ordr and Psudo II ordr kinic modls Psudo I ordr kinic modl Psudo II ordr kinic modl Iniial conc. q (xp) (mg/l) R L (mg/g) K ad(1/min) q (cal)(mg/g) R K (g/mg/min) q (cal)(mg/g) h R corrlaion cofficins and h Langmuir consans Anohr dimnsionlss quilibrium paramr (R L) for Raciv blu 14 ar prsnd in Tabl 1. can b simad using h following rlaion. Th Th R valus wr abov Examinaion quilibrium paramr, RL, is usd o prdic if an of h Tabl showd ha h maximum sorpion adsorpion sysm is favorabl or unfavorabl. RL > capaciy of dad biomass for Raciv blu 14 was 1. (Unfavourabl), R L= 1. (Linar), < RL< mg/g.. (Favorabl) and RL = (Irrvrsibl). 173

6 Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , 9 1 R L = 1 + bc Whr b is h Langmuir consan and C o is h iniial dy concnraion in h soluion (mg/l). According o Hall al. [] mahmaical calculaions show ha his paramr givs an indicaion of yp of isohrm. Th valus of R L (Tabl ) wr bwn and 1 for slcd dys which indica h applicabiliy of h Langmuir isohrm. o xprimnal daa and h prdicd valus using diffrn modls wr xprssd by h corrlaion cofficins (R valu clos or qual o 1). Lagrgrns firs ordr modl: For a bach conac im procss whr h ra of sorpion of dys on o h adsorbn surfac is proporional o h amoun of dy sorbd from h soluion phas, h psudo firs ordr kinic quaion may b xprssd as dq / q = Kad ( q q ) Frundlich isohrm: I is anohr form of Langmuir approach for adsorpion on amorphous surfac. I Whr, q and q ar h amoun of dy adsorbd assums h hrogniy of surfac and h xponnial (mg/g) a im and a quilibrium im, rspcivly and disribuion of aciv sis and hir nrgis [1]. Th K ad is h ra consan of adsorpion (1/min) Frundlich isohrm was sd in h linar form Afr ingraion and applying boundary condiions, viz. ha h iniial condiions ar (q-q ) = a =, log q = log Kf + 1/ n log C quaion (1) bcoms: Whr, C is h quilibrium concnraion of a dy in soluion (mg/l), q is h amoun of dy sorbd on o biomass of A. nigr HM11 (mg/g) and K f and 1/n ar Frundlich consans. Whn log q was plod agains log C, a linar plo ad ( ) = log q q log q - Figur 7 showd h plo of linarisd form of psudo was obaind for ach of h dy sd. Frundlich plo firs ordr kinic modl a all concnraions of dys obaind for Raciv blu 14 is shown in Figur 6. Th sudid. Th slops and inrcps of plos of log (q-q ) Frundlich consans 1/n (Innsiy of adsorpion) and Kf vrsus wr usd o drmin h valus of psudo firs (Adsorpion capaciy) wr compud from h slop and ordr ra consan Kad and quilibrium adsorpion inrcp of h plo. Th compud corrlaion capaciy q. Th R valus for h psudo firs ordr cofficins and Frundlich consans for h dys kinic plos wr lowr han hos for psudo scond sudid ar prsnd in h Tabl 1. Th R valus wr ordr kinic plos (Tabl ). Th calculad ra highr han.9974, howvr, h R valus for Langmuir consans, xprimnal and prdicd q wih quaion for Raciv blu 14 wr highr han hos corrsponding corrlaion cofficin valus ar prsnd obaind for Frundlich quaion (R =.99). Th in Tabl. Th corrlaion cofficins for h psudo firs consan 1/n showd h sorpion innsiy and is ordr kinics modl obaind for all concnraions of fracional valu (<1/n<1) showd h hrognous dys wr low and h prdicd q valus dviad naur of sorbn surfac. Th calculad sorpion rasonably from h xprimnal valus. Th highr R capaciy for dad biomass for Raciv blu 14 was valus confirm ha h sorpion procss of dys ono fungal biomass followd a psudo firs ordr kinic modl did no fid wll. Th ra consans (calculad q) of Adsorpion kinics: Th sudy of adsorpion kinics psudo firs ordr incrasd wih an incras in h iniial dscribs h solu upak ra and vidnly his ra dys concnraion. conrols h rsidnc im of h adsorba a h solid soluion inrfac. Th ra a which sorpion aks plac Ho s psudo scond ordr modl: Th psudo scond is of mos imporanc whn dsigning bach sorpion ordr kinic modl was xprssd as [3-4] sysm. Th ra of sorpion can b compud from h kinic sudy. dq ( ) / q = K q-q In his sudy h kinics of Raciv blu 14 biosorpion on h adsorbn, A.nigr HM11 biomass Whr, K is h psudo scond ordr ra consan wr analysd using psudo firs ordr [], psudo (g/mg/min), q and q rprsn h amoun of dys scond ordr [3-4]. Th confirmaion bwn adsorbd (mg/g) a quilibrium and a im. K

7 Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , y = x R = log q log C Fig. 6: Frundlich plo for Raciv blu 14 biosorpion using dad biomass log (q-q) Tim (mins) 1mg/L =.965 mg/l = mg/L = mg/L =.94 5mg/L = mg/L=.966 Fig. 7: Psudo-firs ordr plo for Raciv blu 14 biosorpion using dad biomass /q (g/mg/min) mg/L =.9895 mg/l =.995 3mg/L =.935 4mg/L = mg/L = mg/L = Tim (mins) Fig. 8: Psudo-scond-ordr plo for Raciv blu 14 biosorpion using dad biomass 175

8 Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , 9 Fig. 9: SEM imag of dad biomass of Asprgillus nigr HM11 a 5x showd no spcific rnd. Th Figur 8 showd h plos of linarisd form of psudo scond ordr kinic modl a all concnraions of dys sudid. Th slops and inrcps of plos of /q vrsus wr usd o drmin h valus of psudo scond ordr ra consan K and quilibrium adsorpion capaciy q. Th corrlaion cofficins for h psudo scond ordr kinics modl obaind for all concnraions of dys wr high and h prdicd q valus dviad rasonably from h xprimnal valus. Furhr, h psudo firs ordr modl did no fi wll for h whol rang of conac im suggsing ha h adsorpion sysm for h sd dys obyd h psudo scond ordr kinic modl. Scanning lcron micrograph sudis: Th surfac morphology of h dad fungal myclia of A.nigr HM11 bfor and afr biosorpion of Raciv blu 14 was xmplifid by h scanning lcron micrograph (Figur 9 and 1). Dad biomass was likly o b cakd by auoclav ramn, implying ha physical srngh of hypha of h fungus was wak and had porous surfac. Furhr Scanning lcron micrograph of biomass rvald ha hr was no noicabl chang in h surfac morphology of dad biomass of A.nigr HM11 afr Fig. 1: SEM imag of dad biomass of Asprgillus nigr biosorpion of Raciv blu 14. HM11 afr biosorpion of Raciv blu 14 a 5x DISCUSSION For h boundary condiion = o = and q = o Dspi h xisnc of a variy of chmical and q = q, h ingral form of h quaion (3) bcoms physical ramn procsss, h nvironmn frindly approach in raing xil dying ffluns has simulad inrs in xploring novl mans. Th abiliy q = 1 + of fungi o ransform a wid variy of hazardous K q q chmicals has arousd inrs in using hm in 1 biormdiaion [5]. Dy rmoval by h fungus occurs /q = + K q q ihr hrough bioaccumulaion or biodgradaion. Th colour of h fungal biomass afr dy rmoval is an Th kinic daa wr analysd using h indicaor of h principal mchanism bhind dy rmoval quaion. Th valus of h K and q prsnd wr [6]. Txil dys vary graly in hir chmisris and calculad from h inrcps and slops of h plos of hrfor hir inracions wih microorganisms dpnd /q vs and h corrsponding R valus ar givn in on h chmisry of a paricular dy and h spcific Tabl. chmisry of h microbial biomass [7]. Th microbial Th consan K was usd o calcula h iniial surfac carris various yps of funcional groups of sorpion ra h, a as follows amino, carboxyla, phospha and hydroxyl which ar rsponsibl for h squsraion of hazardous marials h= Kq from indusrial ffluns [8]. In his sudy, whn biosorpion of Raciv blu Th iniial sorpion ra incrasd wih an incras in 14 was concrnd, vn hough ph 6. was found o h iniial dys concnraion for boh h dys which b idal, biosorpion capaciy of dad biomass of 176

9 Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , 9 Asprgillus nigr HM11 workd in a broad rang of ph biosorpion of RB, RY and Rmazol Black B dys on (4-11). Th rpor of Maurya al. [9] coincids wih our biomass [37]. sudy in which hy obsrvd ha sorpion of Mhyln Th fficacy of dad biomass was found o b highr Blu (iniial concnraion 1 mg/l) by Foms fomnarius du o uppr adsorpion srngh, chang in surfac and Phllinus igniarius incrasd from 18% o 75% and propry and incras in surfac ara du o cll rupur 16% o 79% rspcivly whn h ph was incrasd from afr dah which was found in auoclavd biomass [36]. 3 o11. Thy sad ha his was du o h incras in n Ha ramn can modify surfac binding sis via lcrongaiviy of h biosorbn du o dproonaion dnauraion of proins on h cll wall srucurs. In of diffrn funcional groups. addiion, hs pors rduc h mass ransfr rsisanc Th rsuls of h prsn invsigaion indicad ha and facilia h diffusion of dy molculs bcaus of an incras in adsorbn dosag did no influnc prcn high inrnal surfac ara wih low diffusional rsisanc rmoval. Such a parn was obsrvd by Ysilada al. and facilia mass ransfr bcaus of hir high inrnal [3] whr hy found ha incras in h amoun of pll surfac ara which implis high adsorpion capaciy and was accompanid by incras in prcn dcolorizaion. ra [38]. Th adsorpion daa of h prsn sudy indicad h I was concludd from h sudy ha dad A.nigr upak of dy incrasd wih incras in agiaion im, HM11 in shaking condiions was vry ffciv a bu rmaind consan afr h quilibrium im priod. rmoving Raciv blu 14 dy from h aquous Whras h prcn dy rmoval dcrasd wih an soluion sinc h rsuls obaind from his sudy ar incras in h iniial dy concnraion for boh yps of wll dscribd by Langmuir isohrm and Frundlich biomass. Sadhasivam al. [31] rpord ha prcn dy isohrm modls. rmoval a quilibrium im dcrasd from 86.6% o 75.73% for h dy concnraions of 1-5 mg/l. Th ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ffc for agiaion im on dy upak is a singl, smooh and coninuous curv lading o sauraion, suggsing Th auhor K.Nanhakumar grafully acknowldg h possibl monolayr covrag of dy on h surfac of Council of Scinific and Indusrial Rsarch, Nw Dlhi, h adsorbn [3]. India for providing CSIR-SRF and h auhor In h prsn sudy, 1 mins was found o b h K.Karhikyan acknowldg UGC, Nw Dlhi, India for quilibrium im rquird for dsorpion of Raciv blu providing UGC NET JRF. 14 from dad biomass whn NaOH (1.N) was usd as an lun. Bhol al. [33] usd HCl and hanol for h REFERENCES maximum dsorpion of mhyl viol, basic fuchsin and hir mixurs from Asprgillus nigr which was aaind 1. Nigam, P., G. Armour, I.M. Bana, D. Singh and a 6 mins. R. Marchan,. Physical rmoval of xil In his sudy, maximum adsorpion capaciy Qo was dys from ffluns and solid-sa frmnaion of mg/g. Th sam rnd was obsrvd in h dy-adsorbd agriculural rsidus. Biorsour. adsorpion of Rhodamin B ono banana and orang Tchnol., 7: pl [34]. Gallaghr al. [35] usd h Frundlich and. Robinson, T., B. Chandran and P. Nigam, 1. Langmuir isohrm modls and found ha boh Sudis on h dcolourisaion of an arificial xil modls fid h biosorpion of raciv dy on Rhizopus fflun by whi-ro fungi in N-rich and N-limid oryza which suggsd ha biosorpion involvd a mdia. Appl. Microbiol. Biochnol., 57: hybrid mchanism on a hrognous surfac. A similar 3. Akhar, S., A.A. Khan and Q. Husain, 5. Ponial phnomna was obsrvd in h adsorpion of Acid blu of immobilizd bir gourd (Momordica charania) 9 from an aquous soluion by fungus Asprgillus nigr proxidass in h dcolorizaion and rmoval of [36]. xil dys from pollud waswar and dying Th q valus obaind from h firs ordr kinic fflun. Chmosphr, 6: quaion did no agr wih h xprimnal q valus, 4. Ishikawa, Y., T. Eskr and A. Ldr,. Chmical which indicad ha h adsorpion of boh h dys by Economics Handbook: Dys. SRI, Mnlo Park, CA. fungal biomass did no follow h firs ordr ra kinics. 5. Ranganahan, K., K. Karunagaran and D.C. Sharma, Such a kinic quaion was rpord by Sadhasivam al. 6. Rcycling of waswars of xil dying [31] whn Trichodrma harzianum myclial was was indusris using advancd ramn chnology and xploid for h rmoval of Rhodamin 6G from aquous cos analysis cas sudis. Rsour. Consrv. Rcy., soluion. Similar phnomna hav also bn obsrvd in 5(3):

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11 Global J. Bioch. & Biochm., 4 (): , Gallaghr, K.A., M.G. Haly and S.J. Alln, Aksu, Z., 1. Biosorpion of raciv dys by drid Biosorpion of synhic dy and mal ions from acivad sludg: quilibrium and kinic modlling. aquous ffluns using fungal biomass. In: D.L. Biochm. Eng. J., 7: Wis (Ed.), Global Environmnal Biochnology. 38. Bayramoglu, G. and M.Y. Arica, 7. Biosorpion Elsvir, Amsrdam, pp: 7-5. of bnzidin basd xil dys Dirc blu 1 and 36. Fu, Y. and T. Viraraghavan, 1. Fungal Dirc rd 18 using naiv and ha-rad biomass dcolorizaion of dy waswars: a rviw. of Trams vrsicolor. J. Hazard. Mar., 143: Biorsour. Tchnol., 79(3):