N.A. Adesola Babarinde 1* ; Jonathan O. Babalola 2 ; John Adegoke 1 ; Esther O. George 1 ; Henrietta O. Okeke 1 ; and Ayoola T.

Transcription

1 Kinic, Euilibrium, and Thrmodynamic Sudis of h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and from Auous Soluions using Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf. N.A. Adsola Babarind * ; Jonahan O. Babalola 2 ; John Adgok ; Eshr O. Gorg ; Hnria O. Okk ; and Ayoola T. Obagbmi Dparmn of Chmical Scincs, Olabisi Onabanjo Univrsiy, Ago-Iwoy, Nigria. 2 Dparmn of Chmisry, Univrsiy of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigria. solababarind@yahoo.com Tlphon: ABSTRACT Th biosorpion characrisics of Cd(II),, and from soluion using coconu (Cocos nucifra) laf wr invsigad. Opimum biosorpion condiions wr drmind as a funcion of soluion ph, conac im, iniial mal ion concnraion, dosag, and mpraur. Opimum ph for ach mal ion was obaind as h biosorpion of ach of h mal ions was found o b ph-dpndn. Kinic sudy showd ha h psudo-scond-ordr kinic modl bs rprsns h biosorpion of h mal ions. Th biosorpion capaciy of coconu laf for Cd(II),, and ar 97.28, and 50.8 mg g -, rspcivly. Th sorpion of ach mal ion was analyzd wih Frundlich and Langmuir isohrm modls, in ach cas, h Frundlich modl appars o hav br rgrssion cofficins han h Langmuir modl. Th sudy on h ffc of dosag showd ha h dosag of h biomass significanly affcd h upak of h mal ions from soluion. Th calculad hrmodynamic paramrs ( G, H, and S ) showd ha h biosorpion of ach of h mal ions ono coconu laf was fasibl, sponanous, and ndohrmic. Th ordr of sponaniy of h biosorpion procss bing Cd(II)>>. Similarly, posiiv chang in nropy was obsrvd for ach and h ordr of disordr is Cd(II) >>. (Kywords: biosorpion, coconu, Cocos nucifra, cadmium, lad, zinc) INTRODUCTION Incras in indusrial opraions world wid has ld o incras in havy mal polluion. Havy mal ions ar conaind in unrad ffluns of diffrn indusrial opraions such as mining, sludg disposal, mal plaing and manufacur of llcrical appliancs.thy urn o polluans on rlas ino h nvironmn. Th havy mals ar known o b hazardous o living organisms. Thy ar non-biodgradabl and hnc h nd for hir rmoval bfor hy nr h food chain. Th naur of hs polluans has causd incrasd concrn for hir rmoval from indusrial ffluns. Th convnional approach o hir rmoval from ffluns ar rahr xpnsiv wih associad dmris. Biosorpion has bn found o b an fficin and ffciv alrnaiv chnology a lil or no cos [Babarind al., 2008a,b; Babarind al., 2009a,b; Babarind al., 200; Chakravary al., 200; Liu al., 200; Uluozlu al., 200; Zhang and Wang, 200; Vijayaraghavan and Balasubramanian, 200; Fiornin al., 200; Qu al., 200; Basu al., 200; Babarind al., 20]. Coconu (Cocos nucifra) is a plan ha is grown across h world for is frui. Howvr, h laf is unuilizd hrby bcoming nvironmnal nuisanc. I is found o conain aboundan funcional groups such as hydroxyl, amino and carbonyl groups which conain lon pairs of lcrons ndd for biosorpion of caionic polluans in soluion. I was on his basis ha his radily availabl agriculural was was invsigad for is ponial in raing indusrial ffluns conaining Cd(II),, and. METHODOLOGY Biomass Prparaion Coconu (Cocos nucifra) lavs wr harvsd from a farm nar h mini campus of Olabisi Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 430

2 Onabanjo Univrsiy, Ago-Iwoy, Ogun Sa, Nigria. Th lavs wr proprly rinsd wih war, sun drid immdialy, and lar cu ino pics of approximaly 0.5cm.Th laf sampl was kp dry ill im of usag. Prparaion of Soluion All chmicals usd in his sudy wr of analyical ragn grad and wr usd wihou furhr purificaion. Sandard soluions usd for h sudy wr prpard from 3CdSO 4.8H 2 O, Pb(NO 3 ) 2, and Zn(NO 3 ) 2.6H 2 O. Th working soluions wih diffrn concnraions of h mal ions wr prpard by appropria diluions of h sock soluion immdialy prior o hir us wih disilld war. Th iniial ph of h soluion was adjusd accordingly wih a ph mr. A hrmosad war bah (Haak Wia Modl) was usd as h mdium for h procss. Th concnraion bfor and afr biosorpion of ach mal ion was drmind using a Prkin-Elmr Analys 700 flam aomic absorpion spcrophoomr wih durium background corrcor. Fourir ransform infrard (FT-IR) spcra of drid unloadd biomass and mal loadd biomass wr rcordd a cm - using a Shimadzu FT-IR modl 8400S spcrophoomr. Bach Biosorpion Sudy Th biosorpion sudy was carrid ou by conacing 0.5g of h coconu laf wih 25ml of h mal ion soluion undr diffrn condiions for a priod of im in a boiling ub. Th biosorpion sudis wr conducd a 27 o C using hrmosad war bah o drmin h ffc of ph, conac im, iniial mal ion concnraion and dosag on h biosorpion. Th rsidual mal ion was analyzd using Aomic Absorpion Spcrophoomr. Th amoun of mal ion biosorbd from soluion was drmind by diffrnc and h man valu calculad. Effc of ph on Biosorpion Th ffc of ph on h biosorpion of h mal ion was carrid ou wihin h rang ha would no b influncd by h mal prcipiad. This was don by conacing 0.5g of coconu laf wih 25ml of 00 mgl - mal ion soluion in a boiling ub. Th ph of ach soluion was adjusd o h dsird valu by drop wis addiion of 0.M HNO 3 and/or 0.M NaOH. Th sudis wr conducd wihin h rang ph -7. Th boiling ubs conaining h mixur wr lf in a war bah for 6 hours. Th biomass was rmovd from h soluion by dcanaion. Th rsidual mal ion concnraion in h soluion was analyzd. Th opimum ph was drmind as h ph wih h highs biosorpion of ach mal ion. Effc of Conac Tim on Biosorpion Th biosorpion of h mal ions by coconu (Cocos nucifra) laf was sudid a various im inrvals (0-360 min) and a h concnraion of 00 mg L -. This was don by wighing 0.5g of coconu laf ino ach boiling ub and 25ml of 00 mg L - of mal ion soluion a opimal ph was inroducd ino i. Th laf was lf in soluion for varying priods of im. Th soluion in h boiling ub was dcand a diffrn im inrvals from h firs o h las ub. Th aliuo was hn akn for analysis using an Aomic Absorpion Spcrophoomr. Th amoun of mal ions biosorbd was calculad for ach sampl. Effc of Iniial Mal Ion Concnraion on Biosorpion Bach biosorpion sudy of mal ion was carrid ou using a concnraion rang of mgl -. This was don by inroducing 0.5 g of h coconu laf ino ach of h boiling ubs mployd and 25 ml of 00 mgl - of mal ion soluion a opimal ph was addd o h ub. Two boiling ubs wr usd for ach concnraion. Th ubs wr lf in a hrmosad war bah mainaind a 27 C. Th coconu laf was rmovd from h soluion and h concnraion of rsidual mal ion in ach soluion was drmind. Effc of Tmpraur on Biosorpion Th bach biosorpion procss was sudid a diffrn mpraurs of o C in ordr o invsiga h ffc of mpraur on h biosorpion procss. This was don by conacing 0.5 g of coconu laf wih 25ml of 00 mgl - of mal ion soluion a h opimal ph. Th biosorpion of mal ion may involv chmical bond formaion and ion xchang sinc h mpraur is a main paramr affcing hm. Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 43

3 Saisical Analyss Th curv fiings of h daa obaind wr prformd using Microcal Origin 6.0 sofwar. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR Sudis of h Fr and Mal-Bound Coconu Laf \Th FT-IR spcra of drid unloadd, Cd-loadd, Pb-loadd and Zn-loadd coconu (Cocos nucifra) laf wr akn o obain informaion on h naur of possibl inracions bwn h funcional groups of coconu laf biomass and h mal ions as prsnd in Figur. Th IR spcra parn of h biomass showd disinc and sharp absorpions indicaiv of h xisnc of h -NH, S-O, -C-O- and -C-N- groups as shown in Figur. Ths bands ar du o h funcional groups of coconu laf ha paricipa in h biosorpion of Cd(II), and. On comparison, hr ar clar band shifs and dcras in innsiy of bands as rpord in Tabl. Th FT-IR spcra of h coconu laf biomass indicad sligh changs in h absorpion pak fruncis du o h fac ha h binding of h mal ions causs rducion in absorpion fruncis. Ths shifs in absorbanc obsrvd implis ha hr wr mal binding procsss aking plac on h aciv sis of h biomass. Analysis of h FT-IR spcra showd h prsnc of ionizabl funcional groups (C=O, O-H, NH 2 ) which ar abl o inrac wih caions [Pradhan al., 2007; Buno al., 2008; Sun al., 2008; Erugay and Bayhan, 2008; Uluozlu al., 2008]. This implis ha hs funcional groups wr mainly involvd in h rmoval of posiivly chargd ions from soluion. Figur : FT-IR Spcra of h Fr and Mal-Bound Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf. Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 432

4 Tabl : Th FT-IR Spcral Characrisics of Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf Bfor and Afr Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and. Absorpion bands (cm - ) Funcional groups Mal ion Bfor Afr Diffrnc Cd(II) N-H srch (amins),bondd hydroxyl group Pd(II) N-H srch (amins),bondd hydroxyl group N-H srch (amins),bondd hydroxyl group Cd(II) C=O srch (srs) Pd(II) C=O srch (srs) C=O srch (srs) Cd(II) N-H bnd (amids) N-H bnd (amids) N-H bnd (amids) Cd(II) C-O srch (alcohols) C-O srch (alcohols) C-O srch (alcohols) Cd(II) S-O srch sulfonas S-O srch sulfonas S-O srch sulfonas Effc of Soluion ph on Mal Ion Biosorpion Figur 2 shows h variaion of h mal ion biosorbd on coconu laf a various soluion ph valus. Th biosorpion incrasd sharply as h ph incrasd from ph o ph 2. Th maximum biosorpion was found o b 9% for Cd(II), 72% for and 99% for a ph 2-6, ph4 and ph 4-6, rspcivly. Th incras obsrvd in h biosorpion wih incras in ph implis ha ion-xchang procss is involvd. Th racion involvd h biosorpion of mal ion (rprsnd as M x+ for a mal ion) from h liuid phas o h solid phas, h biosorbn wih lon pair of lcron (rprsnd as Ä), and can b considrd as a rvrsibl racion wih an uilibrium bing mad bwn h wo phass as schmaically shown blow for a divaln mal ion in soluion: Ä + M 2+ A-M () Th ph of soluion has bn sablishd o b a vial paramr in biosorpion procss (Sari al., 2007; Babarind, 20). Th n charg of h sorba and ha of h sorbn ar dpndn on h ph of h soluion. A low ph, h mal ion upak is inhibid by n posiiv charg on h sorbn and h compiion bwn h mal ions and h hydrogn ions in soluion. As h ph incrass, h ngaiv charg dnsiy on biomass incrass as a rsul of dproonaion of h mal binding sis on h laf, consunly, h biosorpion of h mal ions incrass. Th rvrsibiliy of h biosorpion procss is obsrvd whn h mal-bound biomass is rad wih dilu HNO 3 which is a dsorpion procss Biosorpion Kinics Figur 3 illusras h dynamic biosorpion procss of h hr mal ions on coconu laf. I is obsrvd ha h biosorpiv uaniis of h hr mal ions on coconu laf incras wih incrasing conac im. In ach cas, bipahsic kinics is obsrvd: an iniial rapid sag (fas phas) whr biosorpion is fas and conribus o uilibrium upak and a scond sag (slow phas) whos conribuion o h mal ion biosorpion is rlaivly smallr. Th fas phas is h insananous biosorpion sag, i is assumd o b causd by xrnal biosorpion of mal ion o h laf surfac. Th scond phas is a gradual biosorpion sag, which is diffusion ra conrolld. Finally, h biosorpion sis ar usd up, h upak of h mal ion rachd uilibrium. This phas mchanism has bn suggsd o involv wo diffusion procsss, xrnal and inrnal, rspcivly (Wu al., 2009). Th biosorpion of ach of h hr mal ions achivs uilibrium wihin 3 hrs. alhough hir ras of upak ar diffrn. This migh b du o h diffrncs in hydrad ionic sizs of h mal ions [Killand, 937]. Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 433

5 00 % mal ions biosorbd Cd(II) ph Figur 2: ph-dpndn Profil for h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf a 27 o C. 00 % mal ions biosorbd Cd(II) Tim (mins) Figur 3: Tim Cours of h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf a 27 o C. Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 434

6 Svral kinic modls ar ndd o sablish h mchanism of a biosorpion procss. In ordr o invsiga h kinics of h biosorpion of hs mal ions on coconu laf, hr kinic modls wr mployd. Ths ar h psudofirs-ordr, h psudo-scond-ordr, and h Elovich uaions. On of such modls is h Lagrgrn psudo-firs-ordr modl which considrs ha h ra of occupaion of h biosorpion sis is proporional o h numbr of h unoccupid sis [Erugay and Bayhan, 2008]: ra = d[a] d which can also b wrin as: d d = k [A] n (2) ( ) = k (3) Ingraing bwn h limis = 0 a =0 and = a =, w obain: log ( ) k = (4) This can b rarrangd o obain a linar form: log k ( ) = log (5) whr k is h Lagrgrn ra consan of h biosorpion (min - ); and ar h amouns of mal ions sorbd (mg g - ) a uilibrium and a im, rspcivly. Th plo of log ( ) vrsus for h biosorpion of mal ions on h biomass a iniial concnraion of 00 mg L - should giv a sraigh lin for a procss ha follows firs-ordr kinic modl. Th daa was ually subjcd o h psudo-scond-ordr kinic modl. Th psudo-scond-ordr kinic modl is rprsnd as: d d = k ( ) 2 2 (6) On ingraing bwn boundary condiions, w hav: = + k On rarrangmn, w hav: = k (7) (8) whr k 2 is h uilibrium ra consan of psudo-scond-ordr biosorpion procss (g mg - min - ). In h hr mal ions undr sudy, h sraigh lin plos of vrsus / showd good finss of xprimnal daa wih h scondordr kinic modl for diffrn iniial concnraion of h hr mal ions as prsnd in Figur 4. Th daa wr ually subjcd o h Elovish kinic modl givn by: = A + B ln (9) Th corrlaion cofficins for h psudoscond-ordr kinic modl obaind wr found o b highs for h psudo-scond-ordr kinic uaion and also ach is in xcss of 0.99 as prsnd in Tabl 2. On comparison of h valus of R 2 for h xprimnal poins, h psudo-scond-ordr kinic modl is h bs kinic modl o prdic h dynamic biosorpion of Cd(II),, and on coconu laf. Th rsul shows ha h ra of biosorpion of h mal ions is of h ordr Cd(II) >> which may b du o h diffrncs in hydrad ionic sizs of h ions in soluion [Killand, 937]. Th biosorpion capaciy is in h ordr Cd(II)> >. Biosorpion isohrm Figur 5 illusras h biosorpion isohrm of Cd(II),, and on coconu (Cocos nucifra) laf. Th uilibrium biosorpion incrass wih incras in mal ion concnraion. Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 435

7 6 Cd(II) 4 / Tim (mins) Figur 4: Psudo-Scond-Ordr Kinic Plo for Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf a 27 o C. Tabl 2: Paramrs of h Psudo-Scond-Ordr Kinic Modl for h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf. Mal ion k2 (g.mg -.min - ) (mg g. - ) R 2 S.D. Cd(II) 7.867x x x Th Frundlich and Langmuir isohrms, wr mployd o calcula h biosorpion capaciy. Th Frundlich isohrm is an mpirical uaion dscribing adsorpion ono a hrognous surfac. Th Frundlich isohrm is xprssd as log Γ = logc + log K f (0) n whr K and ar h Frundlich consans n Th linar form of h Langmuir uaion is xprssd as: = Γ b C m + Γ m () whr Γ, Γ m and b m ar h Langmuir paramrs. Th paramrs of h isohrms ar prsnd in Tabl 3. rlad o h biosorpion capaciy and biosorpion innsiy of h biosorbn, rspcivly. Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 436

8 Cd(II) 2. log log C Figur 5: Frundlich Isohrm for h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf. Tabl 3: Frundlich Isohrmal Paramrs for h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf. Frundlich Isohrm Modl Kf N R 2 S.D. Cd(II) Th rgrssion cofficins obaind for Frundlich isohrm ar highr han h valus obaind for Langmuir isohrm. This implis ha h biosorpion is assumd o b a mulilayr sorpion wih a hrognous nrgic disribuion of aciv sis, accompanid by inracions bwn biosorbd molculs [Buno al., 2008] Biosorpion Efficincy Th rsul of h sudy on h ffc of iniial mal ion concnraion on biosorpion fficincy is shown in Figur 6. Th plos show ha h biosorpion fficincy of h biomass rducd wih incras in h iniial mal ion concnraion of Cd(II) and which migh b du o h fixd numbr of binding sis in h biosorbn having mor ions han a lowr concnraion. On h ohr hand h biosorpion fficincy incrasd wih incras in iniial mal ion concnraion for. Th biosorpion fficincy (E) for ach mal ion was calculad as: Ci C E = 00 (2) Ci Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 437

9 20 Cd(II) % biosorpion fficincy Iniial mal ion concnraion (mg/l) Figur 6: Effc of Iniial Mal Ion Concnraion on h Efficincy of h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf a 27 o C. whr C i and C ar h iniial and h uilibrium mal ion concnraions (mg L - ), rspcivly. Effc of Biomass Dosag on Biosorpion Th ffc of biomass dosag on h fficincy of biosorpion of Cd(II),, and was sudid using biomass in h rang g/25 ml as rpord in Figur 7. Th biosorpion of ach mal ion bcam consan a dosag highr han 0.8g/ml. This yp of phnomnon has bn rpord o b h consunc of a parial aggrgaion which occurs a highr biomass dosag giving ris o a dcras in h numbr of aciv sis on h biomass [Sari al., 2007]. Th gnral rnd of incras in mal ion biosorbd wih incras in biomass dosag indicas an incras in upak du o mor binding sis on h biomass availabl for biosorpion. This rnd has bn rpord for ohr biosorbns [Babalola al., 2009]. Biosorpion Thrmodynamics Th variaion of mpraur affcs h biosorpion of mal ions ono solid surfacs of biomass sinc h biosorpion procss is a rvrsibl on. Th naur of ach sid of h uilibrium drmins h ffc mpraur has on h posiion of uilibrium. Th sid ha is ndohrmic is favord by incras in mpraur whil h conrary holds for h xohrmic sid. Th corrsponding fr nrgy chang was calculad from h rlaion [d la Rosa al., 2008; Sun al., 2008] ΔG o = RT ln (3) whr T (K) is h absolu mpraur. Th uilibrium consan (K c ) was calculad from h following rlaionship: C K c ad K c = (4) C Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 438

10 Cd(II) 80 % Mals Biosorbd Dosag (g) Figur 7: Effc of Biomass Dosag on h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf a 27 C. whr C and C ad ar h uilibrium concnraions of mal ions (mg L - ) in soluion and on biosorbn, rspcivly. Consunly, h hrmodynamic bhavior of h biosorpion of Cd(II),, and ono coconu laf was valuad hrough h chang in fr nrgy ( G ), nhalpy ( H ), and nropy ( S ). Th hrmodynamic paramrs lik nhalpy and nropy ar obaind using van Hoff uaion [Qu al., 200; Uluozlu al., 200]. Th chang in fr nrgy is rlad o ohr hrmodynamic propris as: ΔG o = ΔH o TΔS o (5) ο ο ΔS ΔΗ ln K c = (6) R RT whr T is h absolu mpraur (K); R is h gas consan (8.34 Jmol -.K - ). H (J.mol - ) and S (J.mol -.K - ) wr calculad from h slop and inrcp of h linar plo of ln K c vs /T. Th hrmodynamic paramrs obaind for his sudy ar prsnd in Tabl 4. Th plos shown in Figur 8 ar linar ovr h nir rang of mpraur invsigad. Th posiiv valus of H for h biosorpion of h hr mal ions suggs an ndohrmic naur of ach biosorpion procss. This is also suppord by h incras in h valu of biosorpion capaciy of h biosorbn wih ris in mpraur. Th posiiv valu of H indicas h prsnc of an nrgy barrir in h biosorpion procss. Similarly, h S valus ar posiiv indicaing incras in randomnss during h biosorpion procss for hs hr mal ions. Ths posiiv valus of S obsrvd for h biosorpion of hs mal ions showd an incras in randomnss a h solid/soluion inrfac during hir biosorpion. CONCLUSIONS This sudy focusd on h biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by coconu (Cocos nucifra) laf undr various condiions. Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 439

11 ΔG Cd(II) Tmpraur (K) Figur 8: Thrmodynamic Plos for h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and ono Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf a 27 C. Tabl 4: Thrmodynamic Paramrs for h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and by Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf. Mal ion H ( kj mol - ) S ( J mol - K - ) R 2 S.D. Cd(II) Th ph has much ffc on h biosorpion of hs mal ions from auous soluions. Th kinics of h biosorpion of hs mal ions followd psudo-scond-ordr kinic modl. Th sorpion isohrms of hs mal ions ono h biosorbn ar wll dscribd by h Frundlich isohrm modl. Th hrmodynamic sudy shows ha h biosorpion of ach of Cd(II), and was sponanous, ndohrmic and chaoic in h ordr Cd(II)> >.I can b concludd ha h coconu laf has high ponials for h rmoval of hs mal ions from soluion and could hrfor srv as ffciv and fficin biomass for raing waswars in rms of high biosorpion capaciy and naural abundanc. REFERENCES. Babalola, J.O., N.A.A. Babarind, O.A. Popoola, and V.O. Oninla Kinic, Isohrmal and Thrmodynamic Sudis of h Biosorpion of Ni(II) and Cr(II) from Auous Soluions by Talinum riangular (War Laf). Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology. 0(): Babarind, N.A.A., J.O. Babalola, and K.A. Adgboy. 2008a. Kinic, Isohrm, and Thrmodynamic Sudis of h Biosorpion of Cadmium(II) Snail Shll. Journal of Applid Scincs Rsarch. 4(): Babarind, N.A.A., J.O. Babalola, A.O. Ogunfowokan, and A.C. Onabanjo. 2008b. Kinic, Euilibrium and Thrmodynamic Sudis Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 440

12 of h Biosorpion of Cadmium (II) from Soluion by Srophyllum radiculosum. Toxicological and Environmnal Chmisry. Taylor and Francis. 9(5): Babarind, N.A.A. and J.O. Babalola Kinic, Euilibrium and Thrmodynamic Sudis of h Biosorpion of Cd(II) and from soluions using Siam laf (Chromolana odoraa). In. Rv. Chm. Eng. 2(): Babarind, N.A.A. 20. Kinic, Euilibrium and Thrmodynamic Sudis of h Biosorpion of of Pb(II, Cd(II), and Cr(III) by Nm Laf. Journal of Innovaiv Rsarch in Enginring and Scincs. 2(5): Buno, B.Y.O., M.L. Torm, F. Molina, and L.M.S. d Msuia Biosorpion of Lad(II), Chromium (III), and Coppr (II) by R. opacus: Euilibrium and Kinic Sudis. Min. Eng. 2: Basu, T., K. Gupa, and U.C. Ghosh Euilibrium and Thrmodynamics on Arsnic (III) Sorpion Racion in h Prsnc of Background Ions occurring in Groundwar wih Nanoparicl Agglomras of Hydrous Iron (III) + Chromium (III) Mixd Oxid. J. Chm. Eng. Daa. 55: Chakravary, P., N.S. Sarma, and H.P. Sarma Biosorpion of Cadmium (II) from Auous Soluion using Harwood Powdr of Arca cachu. Chmical Enginring Journal. 62: Erugay, N. and Y.K. Bayhan Biosorpion of Cr(VI) from Auous Soluions by Biomass of Agaricus bisporus. Journal of Hazardous Marials. 54: Fiorrnin, L.D., D.E.G. Trigguros, A.N. Modns, F.R. Espirnoza-Quinons, N.C. Prira, S.T.D. Barros, and O.A.A. Sanos Biosorpion of Raciv Blu 5G Dy ono Drying Orang Bagass in Bach Sysm: Kinic and Euilibrium Modling. Chmical Enginring Journal. 63: Killand, J Effciv Diamrs of Unhydrad and Hydrad Ions. Journal of Amrican Chmical Sociy. 59: Liu, Y., X. Sun, and B. Li Adsorpion of Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ by Ehylndiamin Modifid Panu Shlls. Carbohydra Polymrs. 8: Pradhan, S., S. Singh, and L.C. Rai Characrizaion of Various Funcional Groups Prsn in h Capsul of Microcysis and sudy of hir rol in Biosorpion of F, Ni, and Cr. Biorsour. Tchnology. 98: Qu, R., Y. Zhang, C. Sun, C. Wang, C. Ji, H. Chn, and P. Yin Adsorpion of Hg(II) from an Auous Soluion by Silica-Gl Suppord Dihylnriamin Prpard via Diffrn Rous: Kinics, Thrmodynamics and Isohrms. J. Chm. Eng. Daa. 55: d la Rosa, G., H.E. Rynl-Avila, A. Bonilla- Priciol, I. Cano-Rodríguz, C. Vlasco-Sanos, R. Marínz-Elangovan, L. Pilip, and K. Chandraraj Biosorpion of Chromium Spcis by Auaic Wds: Kinics and Mchanism Sudis. J. Harzard Mar. 52: Sun, X.F., S.G. Wang, X.W. Liu, W.X. Gong, N. Bao, B.Y. Gao, and H.Y. Zhang Biosorpion of Malachi Grn from Auous Soluions ono Arobic Granuls: Kinic and Euilibrium Sudis. Biorsourc Tchnology. 99: Uluozlu, O.D., A. Sari, and M. Tuzn Biosorpion of Animony from Auous Soluion by Lichn (Physcia ribacia). Chmical Enginring Journal. 63: Vijayaraghavan, K. and R. Balasubramanian Singl and Binary Biosorpion of Crium and Europium ono Crab Shll Paricls. Chmical Enginring Journal. 63: Wu, Y., L. Zhang, C. Gao, X. Ma, and R. Han Adsorpion of Coppr Ions and Mhyln Blu in a Singl and Binary Sysm on Wha Sraw. J. Chm. Eng. Daa. 54: Zhang, J. and A. Wang Adsorpion of from Auous Soluion by Chiosan-g-Poly(Acrylic Acid)/Aapulgi/Sodium Huma Composi Hydrogls. J. Chm. Eng. Daa. 55: ABOUT THE AUTHORS N.A.A. Babarind, Ph.D. is a Snior Lcurr in Biopysical Chmisry, Dparmn of Chmical Scincs, Olabisi Onabanjo Univrsiy Ago- Iwoy, Nigria. H sudis biosorpion of havy mals from soluion using biomass. J.O. Babalola, Ph.D., is an Associa Profssor in Biopysical Chmisry, Dparmn of Chmisry, Univrsiy of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigria. H sudis biosorpion of havy mals from soluion using biomass. Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 44

13 J. Adgok, HND, is a Snior Tchnologis in h Dparmn of Chmical Scimcs, Olabisi Onabanjo Univrsiy Ago-Iwoy, Nigria. E.O. Gorg, B.Sc., holds a B.Sc. in Chmisry. Sh is a gradua of h Dparmn of Chmical Scincs, Olabisi Onabanjo Univrsiy, Ago- Iwoy, Nigria. H.O. Okk, holds a B.Sc. in Chmisry. Sh is a gradua of h Dparmn of Chmical Scincs, Olabisi Onabanjo Univrsiy, Ago- Iwoy, Nigria. A.T. Obagbmi, holds a B.Sc. in Chmisry. Sh is a gradua of h Dparmn of Chmical Scincs, Olabisi Onabanjo Univrsiy, Ago- Iwoy, Nigria. SUGGESTED CITATION Babarind, N.A.A., J.O. Babalola, J. Adgok, E.O. Gorg, H.O. Okk, and A.T. Obagbmi Kinic, Euilibrium, and Thrmodynamic Sudis of h Biosorpion of Cd(II),, and from Auous Soluions using Coconu (Cocos nucifra) Laf. Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology. 3(): Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology Th Pacific Journal of Scinc and Tchnology 442