Evidence of Solar Influences on Nuclear Decay Rates

Transcription

1 Evidence of Solar Influences on Nuclear Decay Rates John Buncher Tom Gruenwald Jordan Heim Dan Javorsek Dennis Krause Anthony Lasenby Andrew Longman Jere Jenkins Ephraim Fischbach Peter Sturrock Ed Merritt Josh Mattes Tasneem Mohsinally Dan Mundy John Newport Ben Revis

2 Half-life Discrepancies

3 Begemann, F., et al., Call for an improved set of decay constants for geochronological use. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, (1): p

4 Chiu, T.-C., et al., Analysis of the atmospheric 14C record spanning the past 50,000 years derived from high-precision 230Th/234U/238U, 231Pa/235U and 14C dates on fossil corals. Quaternary Science Reviews, (1-2): p

5 2.6% Chiu, T.-C., et al., Analysis of the atmospheric 14C record spanning the past 50,000 years derived from high-precision 230Th/234U/238U, 231Pa/235U and 14C dates on fossil corals. Quaternary Science Reviews, (1-2): p

6 4.6%

7 Woods, M.J. and S.E.M. Lucas. Half-life of 90Sr - measurement and critical review Netherlands: Elsevier.

8 H. Schrader, Appl. Rad. & Isot., 60 (2004)

9 Data Summary Experiment Detector Type Decay Type Measured Radiation Type Observed Variations PTB ( 226 Ra) Ion Chamber Gas α, β, γ γ Annual PTB ( 152 Eu) GeLi Solid State ε, γ γ Annual BNL ( 32 Si/ 36 Cl) Prop. Counter Gas β - β - Annual Purdue ( 54 Mn) NaI(Tl) Scintillator ε, γ γ Flare CNRC ( 56 Mn) NaI(Tl) Scintillator β -, γ γ Annual OSU ( 36 Cl) G-M Gas β - β - Annual Parkhomov ( 90 Sr/ 90 Y-I) G-M Gas β - β - Annual Parkhomov ( 90 Sr/ 90 Y-II) G-M Gas β - β - Annual Parkhomov ( 60 Co) G-M Gas β -, γ β -, γ Weak Annual Parkhomov ( 239 Pu) Si Solid State α α None

10 Exclusion of Environmental and Systematic Causes

11 Magnetic Sensitivity Testing of 54 Mn/NaI(Tl) Experiments Solar Flare December 2006

12 December ln(gross) decay with measured Magnetic Data Ap Peak 00:00 12/ ln(gross) Dec storm 17 Dec storm 22 Dec storm Magnetic Index (Ap) /29 12/4 12/9 12/14 12/19 12/24 12/29 1/3 1/8 Date ln(gross) Ap Linear (ln(gross))

13 December ln(gross) decay with measured Magnetic Data Dec storm 8 ln(gross) Dec storm 22 Dec storm Magnetic Index (Kp) /29 12/4 12/9 12/14 12/19 12/24 12/29 1/3 1/8 Date ln(gross) Kp Linear (ln(gross))

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16 26000 Magnetic Field Sensitivity Measurements (45 o Orientation) Zero Field 0 Gauss Earth Field 0.42Gauss 2x Earth Field 0.85 Gauss Earth Field Gauss Counts/10s Count # Series1 +sigma -sigma +3sigma -3sigma

17 Environmental Sensitivities Temperature/Pressure/Relative Humidity Gas Proportional Detector, BNL

18 BNL Detector Proportional Counter Precision Sample Changer 32 Si( 32 P) source (T 1/2 =172y) at 1 mm 32 Si E βmax = (19) kev 32 P E βmax = (22) kev 36 Cl source (T 1/2 =300,000y) at 4 mm 36 Cl E βmax = 708.6(3) kev Background 6.5(3) cpm (compared to 21,500 cpm( 36 Cl) and 14,800 cpm( 32 Si) [1E-4]

19 Air Density as a function of Temperature and Humidity

20 BNL Proportional Counter 7 Pt Avg'd Normalized BNL With Earth-Sun Distance Normalized BNL /81 02/82 09/82 03/83 10/83 04/84 11/84 06/85 12/85 07/86 1/R^2 (a.u.^2) 0.96 Date Un-decayed 7pt avg USNO 1/R^2

21 BNL Detector-Source Geometries (MCNPX) 1.000mm 32 Si- 32 P 4.000mm 36 Cl

22 BNL Detector-Source Geometries (MCNPX) 32 Si- 32 P 36 Cl

23 MCNPX Results Per Source e - ( / F) 32 Si- 32 P 36 Cl ( 32 Si- 32 P)/ 36 Cl Norm.(70 F) ( / F) Per Source e - ( / F) Norm.(70 F) ( / F) Ratio ( / F) Det. E Deposition (MeV/ptcl) 0.051(24) (67) (40) (67) (40) 10-6 Det. Window e - Current 4.39(86) (33) (13) (33) (21) 10-6 Det. Window E Current(MeV/ptcl) 1.48(45) (33) (32) (34) (48) 10-6 Det./Source e - Current Ratio 6.8(32) (48) (24) (48) (64) 10-6 Det./Source E Current Ratio 5.1(33) (47) (25) (48) (63) 10-6

24 Environmental Sensitivities PTB Ionization Chamber

25 PTB Detector T. Alloway, Technical Inquiry, IG12. Private Comm. J.H. Jenkins, 2009.

26 Raw Undecayed 226Ra PTB Data with Earth-Sun Distance Normalized 226 Ra Data /R 2 (a.u. -2 ) /23/83 3/22/84 3/22/85 3/22/86 3/22/87 3/21/88 3/21/89 3/21/90 3/21/91 3/20/92 3/20/93 3/20/94 3/20/95 3/19/96 3/19/97 3/19/98 3/19/99 3/18/ Date Normalized Undecayed USNO 1/R^2 Pearson Correlation Coefficient r=0.62, N=1974, Prob=5.13x Data from Siegert, et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49, 1397 (1998) Fig. 1

27 Changes in total alpha and beta activity 5 in a 226 Ra source with time 4 Relative activity total beta total alpha Source age (yrs) Data from A. Karam, J. Buncher and J. Mattes

28 226 Ra Decay Chain 226 Ra 1600y 218 Rn 0.035s α 100 % 206 Pb α 100 % β % 206 Tl 4.2m 210 Po 138.4d α 1.3E-4 % β % β % 206 Hg 8.3m 210 Bi 5.01d α 1.9E-6 % β % 210 Pb 22.2y β % α 100 % 210 Tl 1.3m 214 Po 0.16ms α 0.02 % α 100 % β % 214 Bi 19.9m α % β % β % 214 Pb 26.8m 218 At 1.5s α % β % 218 Po 3.1m α 100 % 222 Rn 3.8d

29 Radon Hourly Averaged Centre for Radiation Protection and Radioecology (ZSR), Hannover University 100 Month to Month 222 Rn Measurements at ZSR, Hannover Germany Rn Activity (Bq/m 3 ) /00 6/00 7/00 8/00 9/00 10/00 11/00 12/00 1/01 2/01 3/01 4/01 5/01 6/01 A. Abbady, A.G.E. Abbady, R. Michel, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 61 (2004) Date 2 hr 4 hr 6 hr 8 hr 10 hr 12 hr 14 hr 16 hr 18 hr 20 hr 22 hr 24 hr

30 Radon Monthly Averaged Centre for Radiation Protection and Radioecology (ZSR), Hannover University 80 Monthly Average 222 Rn Measurements from Abbady Rn Activity (Bq/m 3 ) /00 6/00 8/00 10/00 11/00 1/01 2/01 4/01 6/01 7/01 Month A. Abbady, A.G.E. Abbady, R. Michel, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 61 (2004) 1469.

31 Radon Hourly Averaged Centre for Radiation Protection and Radioecology (ZSR), Hannover University 80 Hourly Average 222 Rn Measurements from Abbady Rn Activity (Bq/m 3 ) Time of Day (hr) A. Abbady, A.G.E. Abbady, R. Michel, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 61 (2004) 1469.

32 PTB Backgrounds Data provided by H. Schrader for 226 Ra was background corrected. Cosmic background found to vary (Wissmann) annually ±1.92x10-3 nsv/s (6.9 nsv/h) 226Ra source, 300 ug, has activity of ~11 MBq, which equates to a dose rate of ~2.1x10 4 nsv/s

33 Spectral Analysis and Evidence for Solar Influence

34 Brookhaven National Laboratory 1/yr 11.17/yr 13.11/yr Power spectrum formed by a likelihood procedure from the 32Si/36Cl ratio. False Alarm Probability F=4.0x /yr could possibly indicate solar core rotation

35 CUMSUM Cl ACRIM Cl Temp

36 ACRIM/BNL

37 PTB Indication of Solar Core Rotation 11.29/yr, power S= pt weighted mean, 11.24/yr

38 BNL/PTB Solar Core Period Plots of the 101-point weighted running means formed from the PTB power spectrum (blue) and from the BNL power spectrum (magenta). The two peaks are found at year -1 and at year -1, respectively.

39 BNL/PTB Solar Core Period The joint power spectrum formed from the weighted-runningmean BNL and PTB power spectra. The peak is found at year -1 with J=10.34.

40 Parkhomov, A.G., Researches of alpha and beta radioactivity at long-term observations, arxiv: v1 [physics.gen-ph], (2010)

41 Rieger Periodicity in BNL Power spectrum formed from BNL data. The arrows indicate the search band 2.00 yr -1 to 2.25 yr -1. The peak is found at 2.11 yr -1 with power S =

42 Rieger Periodicity in PTB data Power spectrum formed from PTB data. The arrows indicate the search band 2.00 yr -1 to 2.25 yr -1. The peak is found at 2.11 yr -1 with power S =

43 Joint Power Statistic (Rieger) The joint power statistic using the BNL and PTB power spectra. The arrows indicate the search band 2.00 yr -1 to 2.25 yr -1. The peak is found at 2.11 yr -1 with joint power statistic J =

44 Frequency Content Comparisons Experiment Isotope Low Frequency [1/year] Annual Frequency [1/year] BNL Si/Cl CNRC Mn PTB Ra OSU Cl

45 New Data

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50 Summary