Response of the PRISMA-YBJ detectors to earthquakes. Yuri Stenkin on behalf of PRISMA collaboration
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1 Response of the PRISMA-YBJ detectors to earthquakes Yuri Stenkin on behalf of PRISMA collaboration Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
2 Outline natural neutron sources global net of en-detectors PRISMA-YBJ results PRISMA-LHAASO and geophysics Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
3 Natural neutron sources 1. Cosmic rays 2. Natural radioactivity Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
4 By measuring barometric coefficient we can estimate portion of neutrons originated from radon
5 The method Pulse shape digitizing En-detector n (neutrons) housing PMT scintillator FADC PC Open detector: no moderator noise ( charged ) Both types of signals are stored and analyzed charged pulses include decays of radon chain in air, mostly Bi-214 and Pb-214 while neutrons mostly come from soil, walls, roof, etc. Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
6 Geophysical researches with thermal neutrons Moon tidal waves Neutrons in thunderstorms Seasonal variations Barometric pumping effect for neutrons Earth free oscillations in neutrons, Forbush effect, etc. Earthquakes 6
7 Global net of the thermal neutron en-detectors Detectors are located now at five sites, 3 different geographic points: surface underground 1. N-BNO (Baksan, 1700 m a.s.l., 43E, 43N) Neutron (Moscow, 170 m a.s.l., 37E, 56N) 4 (MEPhI) 1 (INR) 3. PRISMA-YBJ (Tibet, 4300m a.s.l., 90E, 30N) 4 (ARGO hall) now PRISMA-TU (Tibet University, Lhasa, 3750 m a.s.l.) 4 Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
8 Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul, 2018 PRISMA PRISMA-YBJ prototype ( )
9 Light collecting cone PMT PRISMA-YBJ prototype PRISMA-LHAASO-64 (full scale array next year) Housing, PE water tank Scintillator: ZnS(Ag)+ 6 LiF En-detector design or ZnS(Ag)+B 2 O 3 Sensitive area 0.36 m 2 Thermal neutron recording efficiency ~20% Scintillator effective thickness 30 mg/cm 2 Some interesting results obtained with the prototype in YBJ are shown below: Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
10 4 th harmonic of Moon month in neutrons and charged (1 week wave) PRISMA-YBJ 4300 m a.s.l. YURI STENKIN, VICTOR ALEKSEENKO, ZEYU CAI, ZHEN CAO, CLAUDIO CATTANEO, et. al. Seasonal and Lunar Month Periods Observed in Natural Neutron Flux at High Altitude. Pure and Appl. Geophys. 174 (2017),
11 PRISMA-YBJ Long term variations of environmental thermal neutron flux in Stenkin Yu.V., Alekseenko V.V., Cui S.W., He Ya.Yu., et al. Natural thermal neutron flux long-term variations at 4300 m a.s.l. PoS(ICRC2017)094 Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
12 Diurnal wave S1 in ARGO hall: neutrons and charged anti-correlate? S1 PRISMA-YBJ n/<n> S1 in n S1 in charged (n norm +ch norm )/ T, h Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
13 Map of Nepal earthquakes localization in April-May 2015 and in October Circles show the earthquakes, star shows Yangbajing Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
14 Himalaya geology map Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
15 Response of en-detectors to Nepal earthquakes in April-May M7.8 M6.7 Nepal EQ'April-2015 (n & ch) M7.3 n / <n> n (8h smoothing) "charged" (8h smoothing) Epicenter distance is at ( ) km days since Ap. 21, Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
16 Specific parameter Σ=n norm +charged norm -2 was introduced to emphasize the en-detector response 0.12 EQ Nepal: n norm +ch norm EQ n norm + charged norm days since Ap. 21, Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
17 1.5 year later: Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
18 Distributions on the Σ parameter for d1 & d4 over 3.5 years. Histograms - experimental data; smoothed curves - Gauss fits. Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
19 Diurnal waves in thermal EQ days Nepal EQs M4.6 M M6.7 M7.8 M7.3 M6.7 n / <n> M n Therefore, we saw Local effects time in diurnal T, h wave phase and not in direct current Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
20 Date Signal in d1, σ Signal in d4, σ Event Comment ? not understood : Nepal M=7.8; : Nepal M=6.7 3 huge EQs with 0.5 and ~25 hours between them and many aftershocks Nepal M=7.3 & huge EQs with ~0.5 hour between them ? not understood Magnetic storm, Kp=7 Powerful magnetic storm : Nepal M= : Nepal M=4.1 2 EQs with ~24 hours between them Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
21 Radon meter response (in ARGO hall) M7.8 M6.7 M6.7 North Rn, Bq/m days from Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
22 Distribution of radon data peaks in 3h time series measured by a radon meter. Histograms - experimental data; smoothed curves Gauss fit. Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
23 A puzzle of possible far detector response: Baksan underground en-detector (850 m w.e.) ~4000 km from epicenter M7.8, Nepal n<n> Local time, h n Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul, 2018
24 Conclusion - We do see response of en-detectors to some Eqs - The effect depends on the region geology and probably on the EQ aftershocks appearence time - A Global net of such arrays are needed to learn more about correlations between Eqs and the en-detector response - Even far detectors are probably have some response Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul, 2018
25 Future plans (summary) The PRISMA-LHAASO project will include geophysical researches For this purpose are envisaged: 1. Additional outputs with large pulse integration (long charge collection) from each en-detector for ¼ of clusters 2. Special FADCs for variations study 3. Continuous monitoring of neutron background with a precise accuracy 4. The array will be included in our global net of en-detectors 5. Special attention will be paid to Solar-Earth connections phenomena (space weather) and possibility to monitor seismic activity for better understanding correlations between EQs and environmental thermal neutrons flux 6. Pure variational array of 4 en-detectors (PRISMA-TU) is deployed in 2017 at Tibet Univ. Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
26 Thank you! Yu. Stenkin, 35RCRC+25ECRS, Barnaul,
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