Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed.
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1 Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 6 th Ed. Introductory Chemistry, 6 th Ed. Basic Chemistry, 6 th Ed. by Steven S. Zumdahl & Donald J. DeCoste University of Illinois
2 Chapter 5 Nomenclature
3 Common Names - Exceptions H 2 O = water, steam, ice NH 3 = ammonia CH 4 = methane NaCl = table salt C 12 H 22 O 11 = table sugar Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 3
4 Naming Starts with Classifying Compounds Binary compounds: only 2 elements Compounds containing polyatomic ions Acids: formulas often start with H Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 4
5 Classifying Binary Compounds Binary ionic compounds contain a metal and a nonmetal. Type I and II Compounds containing two nonmetals Type III Compounds containing H and a nonmetal = Acids Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 5
6 Binary Ionic Made of metal cation and nonmetal anion Name by naming the ions Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 6
7 Metal Cations Type I Metals that can only have one possible charge Charge determined by position on the Periodic Table Type II Metals that can have more than one possible charge Metal cation s charge determined from the charge on anion Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 7
8 Type I Binary Ionic Compounds Contain Metal Cation from Groups 1A, 2A or Al, Ga, & In (metals with only one possible ionic charge) + Nonmetal Anion Metal listed first in formula & name Name metal cation first, name nonmetal anion second Nonmetal anion named by changing the ending on the nonmetal name to -ide Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 8
9 Type II Binary Ionic Compounds Contain metal cation of possible variable ionic charge + nonmetal anion Metal listed first in formula & name Name metal cation first and nonmetal anion second Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 9
10 Type II Binary Ionic Compounds (cont.) Metal cation name is the metal name followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses to indicate its charge Determine charge from anion charge Common Type II cations in Table 5.2 Nonmetal anion named by changing the ending on the nonmetal name to -ide Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 10
11 Determining the Charge on a Cation Au 2 S 3 Determine the charge on the anion Au 2 S 3 : the anion is S, since it is in Group 6A, and its charge is 2 Determine the total negative charge Since there are 3 S in the formula, the total negative charge is 6 Determine the total positive charge Since the total negative charge is -6, the total positive charge is +6 Divide by the number of cations Since there are 2 Au in the formula & the total positive charge is +6, each Au has a +3 charge Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 11
12 Type III - Binary Compounds of 2 Nonmetals Name first element in formula first. Use the full name of the element. Name the second element in the formula as if it were an anion. However, remember these compounds do not contain ions! Use a prefix in front of each name to indicate the number of atoms. Never use the prefix mono- on the first element. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 12
13 Prefixes Subscript Prefix mono- (not used on first nonmetal) tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- 8 octa- Drop last a in the prefix if the name begins with vowel Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved di- tri-
14 Roadmap for Naming Binary Compounds Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 14
15 Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are charged entities that contain more than one atom. Must memorize name, formula, and charge Look for patterns!! Polyatomic compounds contain one or more polyatomic ions. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 15
16 Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions (cont.) Name polyatomic compounds by naming cation and anion. Non-polyatomic ions named like Type I and II Polyatomic acids contain H + and a polyatomic anion. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 16
17 Names of Common Polyatomic Ions Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 17
18 Patterns for Polyatomic Ions Elements in the same column on the periodic table form similar polyatomic ions. Same number of O s and same charge ClO 3 - = chlorate BrO 3 - = bromate If the polyatomic ion starts with H, add hydrogen- before the ions name and add 1 to the charge. CO 3 2- = carbonate HCO 3 - = hydrogen carbonate Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 18
19 Patterns for Polyatomic Ions (cont.) -ate ion chlorate = ClO 3 - -ate ion plus 1 O same charge, per- prefix perchlorate = ClO 4 - -ate ion minus 1 O same charge, -ite suffix chlorite = ClO 2 - -ate ion minus 2 O same charge, hypoprefix, -ite suffix hypochlorite = ClO - Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 19
20 Acids Formulas always begin with H as first element Can be thought of as consisting of H + cation and anion Binary acids have H + cation and a nonmetal anion Oxyacids have H + cation and a polyatomic anion Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 20
21 Naming Acids Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 21
22 Writing the Formulas from the Names For Type III compounds, use the prefixes to determine the subscripts. For Type I, Type II, polyatomic compounds and acids: Determine the ions present Determine the charges on the cation and anion Balance the charges to get the subscripts Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 5 22
» Composed of more than one type of atom chemically bonded.» A pure substance, meaning its properties are the same throughout the substance.
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