Binary Molecular Compounds
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1 Binary Molecular Compounds What guidelines are used to write the name and formula of a binary molecular compound? Recall that binary ionic compounds are composed of the ions of two elements, a metal and a nonmetal. Binary molecular compounds are also composed of two elements, but both elements are nonmetals and are not ions. Binary molecular compounds are composed of molecules, not ions, so ionic charges cannot be used to write formulas or to name them. 1
2 When two nonmetallic elements combine, they often do so in more than one way. Two carbon oxides, CO and CO 2, are very different compounds. You exhale CO 2 as a product of your body chemistry, and it is normally present in the air you breathe. CO is a poisonous gas that interferes with your blood s ability to carry oxygen to body cells. 2
3 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefixes Used in Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefixes in the names of binary molecular compounds help distinguish compounds containing different numbers of atoms, such as CO and CO 2. Prefix Number mono- 1 di- 2 tri- 3 tetra- 4 penta- 5 hexa- 6 hepta- 7 octa- 8 nona- 9 3 deca- 10
4 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefixes in the names of binary molecular compounds tell how many atoms of an element are present in each molecule of the compound. The prefix mono- would be used for the single oxygen atom in CO. The prefix di- would be used for the two oxygen atoms in CO 2. 4
5 How does a triathlon differ from a pentathlon? How does phosphorus trifluoride differ from phosphorus pentafluoride? A triathlon is composed of 3 sports, while a pentathlon is composed of 5. Phosphorus trifluoride is a binary molecular compound that has 1 phosphorus and 3 fluoride atoms, while phosphorus pentafluoride contains 1 phosphorus and 5 fluoride atoms. 5
6 To name a binary molecular compound, use the following guidelines. 1.Write the names of the elements in the order listed in the formula. 2.Use prefixes appropriately to indicate the number of each kind of atom. If just one atom of the first element is in the formula, omit the prefix mono- for that element. Also, the vowel at the end of a prefix is sometimes dropped when the name of the element begins with a vowel. 3.End the name of the second element with the suffix -ide. 6
7 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Following these guidelines, CO is named carbon monoxide and CO 2 is named carbon dioxide. Cl 2 O 8 consists of two chlorine atoms and eight oxygen atoms. The name is therefore dichlorine octoxide. 7
8 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Name the following binary molecular compounds. a. N O 2 b. PCl 3 8
9 Sample Problem 9.6 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Identify the elements in the compound and the number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. a. N O is composed of two nonmetals, nitrogen and 2 oxygen. b. PCl is composed of two nonmetals, phosphorus and 3 chlorine. 9
10 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Write the names of the elements in the order they are written in the formula. Include prefixes to show how many atoms of each element. Use the suffix -ide with the name of the second element. a. Each molecule of N O has: 2 2 nitrogen atoms; 1 oxygen atom. N O is dinitrogen monoxide. 2 10
11 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Write the names of the elements in the order they are written in the formula. Include prefixes to show how many atoms of each element. Use the suffix -ide with the name of the second element. b. Each molecule of PCl has: 3 1 phosphorus atom; 3 chlorine atoms. PCl 3 is phosphorus trichloride. The prefix mono- is not used with the first element indicated in the formula. 11
12 Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds To write the formula of a binary molecular compound, first use the prefixes in the name to tell you the subscript of each element in the formula. Then, write the correct symbols for the two elements with the appropriate subscripts. 12
13 Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds Write formulas for the following binary molecular compounds. a. nitrogen trifluoride Note: The number 1 is never used as a subscript in a formula. b. disulfur dichloride 13
14 Solve Apply the concepts to this problem. Construct the formula using the correct symbols and subscripts. a. 1 nitrogen atom; 3 fluorine atoms b. 2 sulfur atoms; 2 chlorine atoms NF 3 S 2 Cl 2 14
15 What are binary molecular compounds composed of? How is their composition different from binary ionic compounds? Binary molecular compounds are composed of two elements, which are nonmetals and are not ions. Binary ionic compounds are composed of the ions of two elements, a metal and a nonmetal. 15
16 To name a binary molecular compound, write the names of the elements in the order listed in the formula. Use prefixes to indicate the number of each atom. End the name of the second element with -ide. To write the formula of a binary molecular compound, use the prefixes to determine the subscript of each element. Write the symbols for the elements with the subscripts. Ionic and molecular compounds differ in composition ions form ionic compounds, and molecules form molecular compounds. 16
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