Let s Figure out how to name compounds
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1 Let s Figure out how to name compounds
2 Covalent Bonds Atoms can combine to achieve an octet of valence electrons by sharing electrons. Two fluorine atoms, for example, can form a stable F 2 molecule in which each atom has an octet of valence electrons by sharing a pair of electrons
3 Define the following: Molecule: Covalent bond: Sharing: Valence Shell: Valence Electron: Valence: Octet: Vocab
4 Ionic Bonds Ionic compounds (such as NaCl) are generally formed between metals and nonmetals.
5 Writing Formulas Because compounds are electrically neutral, one can determine the formula of a compound this way: The charge on the cation becomes the subscript on the anion. The charge on the anion becomes the subscript on the cation. If these subscripts are not in the lowest whole-number ratio, divide them by the greatest common factor.
6 Common Cations
7 Common Anions
8 Inorganic Nomenclature Write the name of the cation. If the anion is an element, change its ending to -ide; if the anion is a polyatomic ion, simply write the name of the polyatomic ion. If the cation can have more than one possible charge, write the charge as a Roman numeral in parentheses.
9 Patterns in Oxyanion Nomenclature When there are two oxyanions involving the same element: The one with fewer oxygens ends in -ite. The one with more oxygens ends in -ate. NO 2 : nitrite; SO 3 2 : sulfite NO 3 : nitrate; SO 4 2 : sulfate
10 Patterns in Oxyanion Nomenclature Central atoms on the second row have bond to at most three oxygens; those on the third row take up to four. Charges increase as you go from right to left.
11 Patterns in Oxyanion Nomenclature The one with the second fewest oxygens ends in -ite. ClO 2 : chlorite The one with the second most oxygens ends in -ate. ClO 3 : chlorate
12 Patterns in Oxyanion Nomenclature The one with the fewest oxygens has the prefix hypo- and ends in -ite. ClO : hypochlorite The one with the most oxygens has the prefix perand ends in -ate. ClO 4 : perchlorate
13 Acid Nomenclature If the anion in the acid ends in -ide, change the ending to -ic acid and add the prefix hydro-. HCl: hydrochloric acid HBr: hydrobromic acid HI: hydroiodic acid
14 Acid Nomenclature If the anion in the acid ends in -ite, change the ending to -ous acid. HClO: hypochlorous acid HClO 2 : chlorous acid
15 Acid Nomenclature If the anion in the acid ends in -ate, change the ending to -ic acid. HClO 3 : chloric acid HClO 4 : perchloric acid
16 Nomenclature of Binary Compounds The less electronegative atom is usually listed first. A prefix is used to denote the number of atoms of each element in the compound (mono- is not used on the first element listed, however).
17 Nomenclature of Binary Compounds The ending on the more electronegative element is changed to -ide. CO 2 : carbon dioxide CCl 4 : carbon tetrachloride
18 Nomenclature of Binary Compounds If the prefix ends with a or o and the name of the element begins with a vowel, the two successive vowels are often elided into one. N 2 O 5 : dinitrogen pentoxide
19 Now that we have some names Let s build Lewis Structures
20 Lewis Dot Structures But before we begin that lets Kahoot about naming.
21 Lewis Dot Structure Take notes & write down any questions you may have
22 Practice Time a. H2O c. CO2 b. SO3 d. HCN
23 Continued Practice a. [NO3]-1 c. H2 b. CCl4 d.ch3oh
24 You have HW on the website Will be due next time You will have a quiz next time Make sure to ask questions Monday about things you still need help with We will be naming compounds as well so read through the packet and there is a slide show on my site.
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