A SPARC Success Story: The Role of Halogen Chemistry in Polar Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
|
|
- Cordelia Baker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A SPARC Success Story: The Role of Halogen Chemistry in Polar Stratospheric Ozone Depletion An Update on the Initiative Sponsored by the Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) Project of the World Climate Research Programme Initiative Co-Chairs: Michael J. Kurylo (UMBC/GEST) Björn-Martin Sinnhuber (U. Bremen) WCRP SPARC Scientific Steering Group 17 th Session Kyoto, Japan October 2009
2 ClOOCl Spectral and Absorption Cross-Section Data Available for the JPL 06-2 Evaluation Cross Section (cm 2 molecule -1 ) Cox and Hayman (1988) Burkholder et al. (1990) DeMore and Tschuikow (1990) Vogt and Schindler (1990) Molina et al. (1990) Huder and DeMore (1995) Bloss et al. (2001) McKeachie et al. (2004) JPL Wavelength (nm)
3 A Greater Problem Arises Cross Section (cm 2 molecule -1 ) Cox and Hayman (1988) Burkholder et al. (1990) DeMore and Tschuikow (1990) Vogt and Schindler (1990) Molina et al. (1990) Huder and DeMore (1995) Bloss et al. (2001) McKeachie et al. (2004) JPL 2006 Pope et al. (2007) Wavelength (nm)
4 Models Using Pope et al. Cross Sections Yield Less O 3 Loss than Observed: Antarctic simulation using CLAMS model Huder & DeMore 1994 JPL 2006 Pope 2007 JPL 2006 Burkholder 1990 Observed Ozone von Hobe et al., ACP, 2007
5 Models Using Pope et al. Cross Sections Yield Less O 3 Loss than Observed: Arctic simulation using box model constrained by observed ClO x Calculated Ozone Loss for Model Constrained by SOLVE Measurements of ClO+2 ClOOCl Modeled Ozone Loss for: GREEN DASHED: Pope et al. (2007), BrO from CH 3 Br & Halons GREEN SOLID : Pope et al. (2007), measured BrO JPL 2006 Observed Ozone Loss, Match Modeled Ozone Loss for: BLACK : JPL 02 Kinetics, BrO from CH 3 Br & Halons BLUE DOTTED : JPL 02 Kinetics, BrOx from measured BrO BLUE DASHED: JPL 02 Kinetics except Burkholder et al. (1990) cross section BLUE SOLID : Burkholder et al. (1990) cross section and measured BrO Figure 4-17, WMO 2007, adapted from Frieler et al., GRL, 2006 Updated to include Pope et al. cross section by R. Schofield, M. Rex, T. Canty and R. Salawitch
6 Pope et al. cross sections in MOZART3/WACCM1b yield half as much ozone loss as Burkholder et al. cross sections 0 pptv Bry 22 pptv Bry Kinnison, Brasseur, Orlando, Garcia, Tilmes
7 The UV/Vis Absorption Spectrum of Matrix-Isolated Dichlorine Peroxide, ClOOCl M. von Hobe, F. Stroh, H. Beckers, T. Benter, and H. Willner Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2009, 11, , DOI: /b814373k ClOOCl Cross Section (cm 2 ) Burkholder et al., 1990 JPL 2006 Huder and DeMore, 1995 von Hobe et al., 2008 Pope et al., 2007
8 More Recent Published Gas Phase Spectra Chen et al., UV Absorption Cross Sections of ClOOCl are Consistent with Ozone Degradation Models, Science, 324, 781, 8 May 2009.
9 NASA / JPL Data Panel Interim Recommendation "Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies Evaluation Number 16 of the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation", JPL Publication 09-XX (2009). S. P. Sander, R. R. Friedl, D. M. Golden, M. J. Kurylo, P. H. Wine, J. Abbatt, J. B. Burkholder, C. E. Kolb, G. K. Moortgat, R. E. Huie, and V. L. Orkin Soon to be available at jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov/.
10 NASA / JPL 09: Estimated Error Limits Revised Cross Section (cm 2 molecule -1 ) Wavelength (nm)
11 Chlorine- Catalyzed Ozone Destruction: Cl Atom Production from ClOOCl Photolysis D. M. Wilmouth, T. F. Hanisco, R. M. Stimpfle, and J. G. Anderson J. Phys. Chem. (in press) Available for download on the J. Phys Chem A ASAP website: pdf/ /jp
12 Chlorine-Catalyzed Ozone Destruction: Cl Atom Production from ClOOCl Photolysis Wilmouth et al., J. Phys. Chem. (in press)
13 Chlorine-Catalyzed Ozone Destruction: Cl Atom Production from ClOOCl Photolysis Wilmouth et al., J. Phys. Chem. (in press)
14 UV Absorption Spectrum of the ClO Dimer (Cl2O2) between 200 and 420 nm D. K. Papanastasiou, V. C. Papadimitriou, D. W. Fahey, and J. B. Burkholder J. Phys. Chem. (in press)
15 UV Absorption Spectrum of the ClO Dimer (Cl2O2) between 200 and 420 nm D. K. Papanastasiou, V. C. Papadimitriou, D. W. Fahey, and J. B. Burkholder J. Phys. Chem. (in press) Comparison of wavelength dependent Cl 2 O 2 atmospheric photolysis rate coefficients, J(λ), calculated for a solar zenith angle (SZA) of 86 at an altitude of 20 km
16 UV Absorption Spectrum of the ClO Dimer (Cl2O2) between 200 and 420 nm D. K. Papanastasiou, V. C. Papadimitriou, D. W. Fahey, and J. B. Burkholder J. Phys. Chem. (in press) Upper Frame: Integrated atmospheric photolysis rate coefficients, J, calculated for Cl 2 O 2 as a function of solar zenith angle (SZA). Lower Frame: Same data relative to the values obtained using the NASA/JPL recommended Cl 2 O 2 cross section data.
17 JPL 09 Recommendation & Most Recent Lab Studies Cross Section (cm 2 molecule -1 ) JPL 09 JPL 09 Est. Error IUPAC (2007) Pope et al. (2007) von Hobe et al. (2009) Chen et al. (2009) Wilmouth et al. (2009) Papanastasiou et al. (2009) 2.5 σ / σ(jpl 09) Wavelength (nm)
18 Conclusions The ClOOCl cross section has been perhaps the largest source of uncertainty in our description of polar ozone loss. The laboratory measurement of the ClOOCl cross section by Pope et al. (2007) fell outside the range of uncertainty defined by prior laboratory studies, leading to much discussion, deliberation, and debate within the atmospheric chemistry community. The community met in Cambridge, England (June 2008) to examine our understanding of polar ozone loss (laboratory, theory, field observations, and modelling) in light of the Pope et al. study. A detailed report from that workshop is available electronically at: Several subsequent laboratory studies (published or about to be published) have failed to reproduce the Pope et al. ClOOCl cross sections and provide strong support for our understanding of chlorine-catalyzed ozone loss in the polar stratosphere. The SPARC Initiative played an important role in fostering this new work!
19 JPL-09 Recommendations on the ClO + ClO ClOOCl Equilibrium Constant "Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies Evaluation Number 16 of the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation", JPL Publication 09-XX (2009). S. P. Sander, R. R. Friedl, D. M. Golden, M. J. Kurylo, P. H. Wine, J. Abbatt, J. B. Burkholder, C. E. Kolb, G. K. Moortgat, R. E. Huie, and V. L. Orkin Soon to be available at
20 Lab Data Used in the JPL 2009 Recommendation for K EQ Over the Temperature Range 180<T/K< K = 1.72x10-27 exp(8649/t) K298 = 6.9x ClO = Cl 2 O f(t) = 1.25*exp(200* ((1/298)-(1/T)) [f(t) 2 = 95%] Shown Log K/cm 3 molecule rd Law with the data points from Cox and Nickolaisen and structures and frequencies from Golden with hindered rotor from Barker. JPL 2009 [+95%] [-95%] Nickolaisenet al. Cox Boakes Horowitz Ellerman /T
21 Lab Data Together with Various Fits for K EQ Over the Temperature Range 180<T/K< ClO = Cl 2 O K = 1.72x10-27 exp(8649/t) Log K/cm 3 molecule K298 = 6.9x10-15 f(t) = 1.25*exp(200* ((1/298)-(1/T)) [f(t) 2 = 95%] Shown JPL 2009 [+95%] [-95%] Nickolaisenet al. Cox Plenge 2 parameter Avallone & Toohey von Hobe 2005 Broske Boakes Horowitz Ellerman /T
22 JPL 2006 and JPL 2009 Recommendations for K EQ Together with Various Fits from 180 < T/K < 225 K = 1.72x10-27 exp(8649/t) 2ClO = Cl 2 O 2 Log K/cm 3 molecule K298 = 6.9x10-15 f(t) = 1.25*exp(200* ((1/298)-(1/T)) [f(t) 2 = 95%] Shown 3rd Law with the data points from Cox and Nickolaisen and structures and frequencies from Golden with hindered rotor from Barker /T JPL 2009 JPL 2006 [+95%] [-95%] Plenge 2 parameter Avallone & Toohey von Hobe 2005 May 24, 2009
23 Salawitch / Canty Analysis of Field Data Filtered for SZA > 105 Displayed on the Previous Plot -5.0 K = 1.72x10-27 exp(8649/t) 2ClO =Cl 2 O 2 Log K/cm 3 molecule K298 = 6.9x10-15 f(t) = 1.25*exp(200* ((1/298)-(1/T)) [f(t) 2 = 95%] Shown 180K JPL E-6 A&T 8.32E-7 von Hobe 1.82E-7 JPL 2009 JPL 2006 [+95%] [-95%] Plenge 2 parameter rd Law with the data points from Cox and Nickolaisen and structures and frequencies from Golden with hindered rotor from Barker. Avallone & Toohey von Hobe 2005 Ross sza > /T May 24, 2009
24 Constraining the ClO/ClOOCl Equilibrium Constant from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Measurements of Nighttime ClO M. Santee, S. Sander, N. Livesey and L. Froidevaux (to be submitted to PNAS Special Issue on Atmospheric Chemistry)
25 Acknowledgements NASA/JPL Panel for Data Evaluation esp. D. Golden & J. Burkholder New Lab Studies D. Wilmouth & J. Anderson (Harvard U.) J. Burkholder (NOAA-ESRL)
26 Interface between Laboratory Kinetics and the 2010 WMO/UNEP Ozone Assessment Lifetimes for Long-Lived Compounds and VSLS s for Chapters 1 and 5 Based on the most current JPL 2010 and IUPAC Evaluations "Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies Evaluation Number 17 of the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation JPL Publication 10-XX (2010). S. P. Sander, R. R. Friedl, D. M. Golden, M. J. Kurylo, P. H. Wine, J. Abbatt, J. B. Burkholder, C. E. Kolb, G. K. Moortgat, R. E. Huie, and V. L. Orkin Available Spring 2010 at
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35 Influence of JPL 09 XX Recommenda5ons on Model Simula5ons of NO y and O 3 Charles Jackman and Eric Fleming September 29, 2009 GSFC Fully Coupled 2 D Model Computa5ons of Cons5tuent Diurnal Cycles 1) Compare with UARS odd nitrogen (NO,NO 2,HNO 3,ClONO 2 ) 2) Compare with Total Ozone Measurements ( ) 3) Total Ozone (1980, 2000, 5me series)
36 1) Compare with UARS odd nitrogen (NO, NO 2, HNO 3, ClONO 2 ) NO+NO 2 at Sunset; HNO 3 +ClONO 2 for 24-hour average Model with JPL-09 higher than with JPL-06 [due to increased N 2 O + O( 1 D) 2NO reaction]
37 2) Compare with Total Ozone Measurements ( ) Total Ozone average Model with JPL-09 lower than with JPL-06 Largest impact in polar spring, especially SH [~One-half of change due to increased N 2 O + O( 1 D) 2NO reaction] -10 DU -15 DU
38 3) Total Ozone (1980, 2000, time series) Model with JPL-09 has less ozone than with JPL-06 (higher Cl sensitivity in polar regions with JPL-09) Ozone recovery delayed by ~1 year
CREATE Summer School. Tim Canty
CREATE Summer School Tim Canty Understanding Halogens in the Arctic Today: Will focus on chlorine and bromine How lab studies affect our view of ozone loss Using observations and models to probe the atmosphere
More informationUnderstanding the kinetics of the ClO dimer cycle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3055 3069, 2007 Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Understanding the kinetics of the ClO dimer cycle M. von
More informationSymposium for the 30 th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol. The Impact of Laboratory Photochemistry on the Montreal Protocol. James B.
Symposium for the 30 th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol The Impact of Laboratory Photochemistry on the Montreal Protocol James B. Burkholder Earth System Research Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division
More informationStratospheric Chemistry: Polar Ozone Depletion AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433/633. Ross Salawitch
Stratospheric Chemistry: Polar Ozone Depletion AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433/633 Ross Salawitch Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~rjs/class/spr2013 Today: Processes that govern the formation of the Antarctic
More informationPreliminary report: Analyses of tcfp s potential impact on atmospheric ozone
Preliminary report: Analyses of tcfp s potential impact on atmospheric ozone Dong Wang, Seth Olsen, and Donald Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 Abstract
More informationReceived 8 November 2012; revised 19 December 2012; accepted 24 December 2012; published 31 January 2013.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 40, 464 469, doi:10.1002/grl.50121, 2013 Revised UV absorption spectra, ozone depletion potentials, and global warming potentials for the ozone-depleting substances CF
More informationStratospheric Chemistry: Polar Ozone Depletion AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433. Ross Salawitch
Stratospheric Chemistry: Polar Ozone Depletion AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433 Ross Salawitch Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~rjs/class/spr2017 Today: Processes that govern the formation of the Antarctic
More informationUnderstanding the Relation between V PSC and Arctic Ozone Loss
Understanding the Relation between V PSC and Arctic Ozone Loss Neil Harris European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Ralph Lehmann, Markus Rex, Peter von
More informationFirst measurements of ClOOCl in the stratosphere: The coupling of ClOOCl and ClO in the Arctic polar vortex
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 109,, doi:10.1029/2003jd003811, 2004 First measurements of ClOOCl in the stratosphere: The coupling of ClOOCl and ClO in the Arctic polar vortex R. M. Stimpfle, 1
More informationNF 3 : UV absorption spectrum temperature dependence and the atmospheric and climate forcing implications
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 40, 440 445, doi:10.1002/grl.50120, 2013 NF 3 : UV absorption spectrum temperature dependence and the atmospheric and climate forcing implications Vassileios C. Papadimitriou,
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1153966/dc1 Supporting Online Material for The Sensitivity of Polar Ozone Depletion to Proposed Geoengineering Schemes Simone Tilmes,* Rolf Müller, Ross Salawitch *To
More informationChemistry 471/671. Atmospheric Chemistry III: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Chemistry 471/671 Atmospheric Chemistry III: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 2 The Chapman Mechanism O 2 + hn 2 O( 1 D) O( 1 D) + O 2 + M O 3 + M Exothermic O( 1 D) + O 3 2 O 2 O 3 + hn O( 1 D) + O 2 ( 1
More informationA quantitative analysis of the reactions involved in stratospheric ozone depletion in the polar vortex core
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 55 56, 7 https://doi.org/.594/acp-7-55-7 Author(s) 7. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution. License. A quantitative analysis of the reactions involved
More informationIntroduction to Chemical Kinetics AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433 Ross Salawitch
Introduction to Chemical Kinetics AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433 Ross Salawitch Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~rjs/class/spr2017 Goals for today: Loose ends from last lecture Overview of Chemical Kinetics
More informationRate constants for the reaction of Cl atoms with O 3 at temperatures from 298 to 184K.
Rate constants for the reaction of Cl atoms with O 3 at temperatures from 298 to 184K. S.D. Beach, I.W.M. Smith* and R.P. Tuckett Int. J. Chem. Kinetics., (2002) 34, 104-109. DOI: 10.1002/kin.10033 This
More informationSCIAMACHY book. Ozone variability and long-term changes Michel Van Roozendael, BIRA-IASB
SCIAMACHY book Ozone variability and long-term changes Michel Van Roozendael, BIRA-IASB 1928: start of CFC production 1971: 1 st observation of CFC in the atmosphere (J. Lovelock) 1974: identification
More information2. Sketch a plot of R vs. z. Comment on the shape. Explain physically why R(z) has a maximum in the atmospheric column.
190 PROBLEMS 10. 1 Shape of the ozone layer Consider a beam of solar radiation of wavelength λ propagating downward in the vertical direction with an actinic flux I at the top of the atmosphere. Assume
More informationSupplement of SOA formation from the photooxidation of α-pinene: systematic exploration of the simulation of chamber data
Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 278 282, 216 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/278/216/ doi:1.194/acp-16-278-216-supplement Author(s) 216. CC Attribution 3. License. Supplement of SA formation from
More informationA re-evaluation of the ClO/Cl2O2 equilibrium constant based on stratospheric in-situ observations
A re-evaluation of the ClO/Cl2O2 equilibrium constant based on stratospheric in-situ observations M. Von Hobe, J.-U. Grooß, R. Müller, S. Hrechanyy, U. Winkler, F. Stroh To cite this version: M. Von Hobe,
More informationIn situ observations of HO 2 and OH obtained on the NASA ER-2 in the high-clo conditions of the 1999/2000 Arctic polar vortex
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. D20, 8283, doi:10.1029/2001jd001024, 2002 In situ observations of HO 2 and OH obtained on the NASA ER-2 in the high-clo conditions of the 1999/2000 Arctic
More information10. Stratospheric chemistry. Daniel J. Jacob, Atmospheric Chemistry, Harvard University, Spring 2017
10. Stratospheric chemistry Daniel J. Jacob, Atmospheric Chemistry, Harvard University, Spring 2017 The ozone layer Dobson unit: physical thickness (0.01 mm) of ozone layer if compressed to 1 atm, 0 o
More informationIntroduction to Chemical Kinetics AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433/633 Ross Salawitch
Introduction to Chemical Kinetics AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433/633 Ross Salawitch Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~rjs/class/spr2013 Goals for today: Overview of Chemical Kinetics in the context of
More informationCFCl 3 (CFC-11): UV absorption spectrum temperature dependence measurements and the impact on its atmospheric lifetime and uncertainty
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 40, 4772 4776, doi:10.1002/grl.50915, 2013 CFCl 3 (CFC-11): UV absorption spectrum temperature dependence measurements and the impact on its atmospheric lifetime and
More informationOzone production and loss rate measurements in the middle stratosphere
Ozone production and loss rate measurements in the middle stratosphere K. W. Jucks, D. G. Johnson, K. V. Chance, and W. A. Traub Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts R.
More informationHalogen Chemistry in CAM-CHEM & CCMVal
Halogen Chemistry in CAM-CHEM & CCMVal D. Kinnison, A. Saiz-Lopez, J.F. Lamarque, S. Tilmes, plus A. Gettelman, J. Orlando, S. Schauffler, E. Atlas, and R. Garcia February 12 CCSM CCWG Boulder, Co dkin@ucar.edu
More informationAn Overview of the Impact. on the Stratosphere and Mesosphere
An Overview of the Impact of Energetic Particle Precipitation it ti on the Stratosphere and Mesosphere Charles Jackman NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD Aspen GCI Workshop 2010 Colorado June
More informationVertical profiles of activated ClO and ozone loss in the Arctic vortex in January and March 2000: In situ observations and model simulations
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D22, 8334, doi:10.1029/2002jd002564, 2003 Vertical profiles of activated ClO and ozone loss in the Arctic vortex in January and March 2000: In situ observations
More informationLecture 15 Antarctic Ozone Hole ATOC/CHEM 5151
Lecture 15 Antarctic Ozone Hole ATOC/CHEM 5151 1 Ozone Hole Theories 1. Solar activity: During periods of high solar activity, energetic particles are deposited high in the atmosphere, creating NOx. Perhaps
More informationAssessing Effects of Rate Parameter Changes on Ozone Models Using Sensitivity Analysis
J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 1449-1455 1449 Assessing Effects of Rate Parameter Changes on Ozone Models Using Sensitivity Analysis Gregory P. Smith* Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo
More informationENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: EARTH SYSTEM - Chemistry Of The Atmosphere - I.L. Karol and A.A. Kiselev
CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE I.L. Karol and A.A. Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia Keywords: Atmospheric composition, gas phase reactions, heterogeneous reactions, catalytic cycles, lifetime
More informationUltraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Chlorine Peroxide, ClOOCl
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Chlorine Peroxide, ClOOCl Francis D. Pope, Jaron C. Hansen, Kyle D. Bayes,* Randall R. Friedl, and Stanley P. Sander Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
More informationM-RICh v0.5 MATLAB Rate Integrator for Chemical equations
M-RICh v0.5 MATLAB Rate Integrator for Chemical equations Abstract: Accurately simulating the chemical conditions within a reactor tests both the stability and accuracy of a numerical scheme. M-RICh is
More informationAppendix B: Aqueous chemistry and gas-phase halogen chemistry
1 Appendix B: Aqueous chemistry and gasphase halogen chemistry SANFORD SILLMAN, FRANK MARSIK, KHALID I. ALWALI, GERALD J. KEELER AND MATTHEW S. LANDIS* Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences
More informationReview of Lectures 9 to 16 AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433. Ross Salawitch
Review of Lectures 9 to 16 AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433 Ross Salawitch Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~rjs/class/spr2015 Review of Problem Set #4 will be held Mon, 13 April 6:30 pm Unfortunately the
More informationMeasurements of Ozone. Why is Ozone Important?
Anthropogenic Climate Changes CO 2 CFC CH 4 Human production of freons (CFCs) Ozone Hole Depletion Human production of CO2 and CH4 Global Warming Human change of land use Deforestation (from Earth s Climate:
More informationAura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone profile data record characteristics, quality and applications
Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone profile data record characteristics, quality and applications A presentation for the 2016 meeting of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (COES) Atmospheric
More informationATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Week 9, 2016 The Game Changer. Some perspective The British Antarctic Survey The Ozone Hole International Regulations
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Week 9, 2016 The Game Changer Some perspective The British Antarctic Survey The Ozone Hole International Regulations Rowland (1974): The work is going very well, but it may mean the
More informationHomework Assignment 2 ATM 507 Fall 2014
Due Tuesday, September 30th Homework Assignment ATM 507 Fall 014 1. Calculate H for the following reactions. Express your answer in kj/mole and kcal/mole: i) NO NO + O( 3 P) ii) NO + O 3 NO + O iii) H
More informationReference M atm -1 H / R,
Table 1a: Henry's Law Constants of halogen containing compounds Species K H 298, M atm 1 H / R, K 1 BrO 48 K H 1 =K H 4 2 ClO 926 K H 2 =K H 5 3 HBr 0.72 6077 Sander and Crutzen, 1996 4 HOBr 48 Sander
More informationSAP report on GWPs in Group I of Annex A, C and F. SAP co-chairs: David W. Fahey, Paul A. Newman, John Pyle, Bonfils Safari SAP members
SAP report on GWPs in Group I of Annex A, C and F SAP co-chairs: David W. Fahey, Paul A. Newman, John Pyle, Bonfils Safari SAP members Background Kigali Amendment comment, 204....the Scientific Assessment
More informationEvolution of inorganic chlorine partitioning in the Arctic polar vortex
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111,, doi:10.1029/2005jd006951, 2006 Evolution of inorganic chlorine partitioning in the Arctic polar vortex D. M. Wilmouth, 1 R. M. Stimpfle, 1 J. G. Anderson, 1
More informationATM 507 Lecture 9 Text reading Section 5.7 Problem Set # 2 due Sept. 30 Next Class Tuesday, Sept. 30 Today s topics Polar Stratospheric Chemistry and the Ozone Hole, Required reading: 20 Questions and
More informationUpdate of the Polar SWIFT model for polar stratospheric ozone loss (Polar SWIFT version 2)
https://doi.org/94/gmd--67-7 Author(s) 7. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution. License. Update of the Polar SWIFT model for polar stratospheric ozone loss (Polar SWIFT version
More informationStratospheric ozone destruction: The importance of bromine
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 14, NO. DI9, PAGES 23,871-23,88, OCTOBER 2, 1999 Stratospheric ozone destruction: The importance of bromine relative to chlorine J. S. Daniel, S. Solomon, and R. W.
More informationCAM-Chem Chemical Forecasts
CAM-Chem Chemical Forecasts D. Kinnison, J-F Lamarque, F. Vitt, S. Tilmes, C. Homeyer, L. Pan, S. Honomichi, J. Luo, E. Apel, R. Hornbrook, & A. Weinheimer (NCAR) A. Saiz-Lopez & R. Fernandez (CISC, Spain)
More informationOH and HO 2 chemistry in the North Atlantic free troposphere
OH and HO 2 chemistry in the North Atlantic free troposphere The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Brune,
More informationSupplement of Inversion of and
Supplement of Inversion of and emissions using the adjoint of the IMAGES model J.-F. Müller and T. Stavrakou Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium Abstract This supplement contains three
More informationFast-J2: Accurate Simulation of Stratospheric Photolysis in Global Chemical Models
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 41: 281 296, 2002. 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 281 Fast-J2: Accurate Simulation of Stratospheric Photolysis in Global Chemical Models HUISHENG
More informationComparison of ClO measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder to ground-based microwave measurements at Scott Base, Antarctica, in spring 2005
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112,, doi:10.1029/2007jd008792, 2007 Comparison of ClO measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder to ground-based microwave measurements at Scott Base, Antarctica,
More informationClO + O -> Cl + O 2 Net: O 3 + O -> O 2 + O 2
Lecture 36. Stratospheric ozone chemistry. Part2: Threats against ozone. Objectives: 1. Chlorine chemistry. 2. Volcanic stratospheric aerosols. 3. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Readings: Turco: p.
More informationStratospheric O 3 : Overview
Stratospheric Chemistry READING: Chapter 10 of text Mid-latitude Ozone Chemistry (and depletion) Polar Ozone Destruction (the Ozone Hole) Stratospheric O 3 : Overview Most O 3 (90%) in stratosphere. Remaining
More informationSimple Interpretation of the Bond Lengths and Bond Angles in Stratospheric. Chlorine Monoxide and Peroxide Based on Atomic and Ionic Radii
1 Simple Interpretation of the Bond Lengths and Bond Angles in Stratospheric Chlorine Monoxide and Peroxide Based on Atomic and Ionic Radii Raji Heyrovska 1 1 Na Stahlavce 6, 16000 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
More informationObservations of OH, HO 2, H 2 O, and O 3 in the upper stratosphere: implications for HO x photochemistry
Observations of OH, HO 2, H 2 O, and O 3 in the upper stratosphere: implications for HO x photochemistry K. W. Jucks, D. G. Johnson, K. V. Chance, and W. A. Traub Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,
More informationTananyag fejlesztés idegen nyelven
Tananyag fejlesztés idegen nyelven Prevention of the atmosphere KÖRNYEZETGAZDÁLKODÁSI AGRÁRMÉRNÖKI MSC (MSc IN AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES) Fundamentals to atmospheric chemical reactions. The stratospheric
More informationSupplementary Material for: A Comparison of the chemical sinks of atmospheric organics in the gas and aqueous phase
Supplementary Material for: A Comparison of the chemical sinks of atmospheric organics in the gas and aqueous phase S. A. Epstein and S. A. Nizkorodov, * Department of Chemistry, University of California,
More informationAtmospheric Chemistry III
Atmospheric Chemistry III Chapman chemistry, catalytic cycles: reminder Source of catalysts, transport to stratosphere: reminder Effect of major (O 2 ) and minor (N 2 O, CH 4 ) biogenic gases on [O 3 ]:
More informationComparison of measurements and model calculations of stratospheric bromine monoxide
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 7, NO. D9, 498, doi:.9/jd94, Comparison of measurements and model calculations of stratospheric bromine monoxide B.-M. Sinnhuber,, D. W. Arlander, H. Bovensmann, J.
More informationProduction of Odd Hydrogen in the Mesosphere During the January 2005 Solar Proton Event
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL.???, XXXX, DOI:10.1029/, 1 2 Production of Odd Hydrogen in the Mesosphere During the January 2005 Solar Proton Event Pekka T. Verronen, Annika Seppälä, Erkki Kyrölä, and
More informationSimulation of Polar Ozone Depletion in SD-WACCM4 / MERRA
Simulation of Polar Ozone Depletion in SD-WACCM4 / MERRA D. Kinnison (NCAR), S. Solomon (MIT), J. Bandoro (MIT), and R. Garcia (NCAR) June 16, 2015 WACCM Working Group Meeting, Baltimore MD. Image courtesy
More informationATM 507 Meeting 6. ftp://ftp.nilu.no/pub/nilu/geir/assessment-2006/10%20q&aschapter.pdf
ATM 507 Meeting 6 Text reading Section 5.7 Problem Set # 4 due Oct. 11 Today s topics Polar Stratospheric Chemistry and the Ozone Hole, Global Ozone Trends Required reading: 20 Questions and Answers from
More informationAn assessment of changing ozone loss rates at South Pole: Twenty five years of ozonesonde measurements
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 116,, doi:10.1029/2011jd016353, 2011 An assessment of changing ozone loss rates at South Pole: Twenty five years of ozonesonde measurements B. Hassler, 1,2 J. S. Daniel,
More informationSensitivity of Ozone to Bromine in the Lower Stratosphere
2004GL021504 Accepted for Publication, 10 January 2005 1 Sensitivity of Ozone to Bromine in the Lower Stratosphere R.J. Salawitch 1, D.K. Weisenstein 2, L.J. Kovalenko 3, C.E. Sioris 4, P.O. Wennberg 3,
More informationChemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1897 191, 28 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/1897/28/ Author(s) 28. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3. License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Chemical
More informationArctic Halogen Chemistry Part II
Arctic Halogen Chemistry Part II Kerri A. Pratt Department of Chemistry Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Michigan 2017 Connaught Summer Institute on Arctic Science Ozone Reminders
More informationEdinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer Polar processing and development of the 2004 Antarctic ozone hole: First results from MLS on Aura Citation for published version: Santee, ML, Manney, GL, Livesey, NJ, Froidevaux,
More informationSUSTAINABILITY MATTERS FACT SHEET 7: THE HOLE IN THE OZONE LAYER
SUSTAINABILITY MATTERS FACT SHEET 7: THE HOLE IN THE OZONE LAYER What is the ozone layer? Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen, which means it is a pure element, but has a different chemical structure to that
More informationThe impact of transport across the polar vortex edge on Match ozone loss estimates
The impact of transport across the polar vortex edge on Match ozone loss estimates J.-U. Grooß, R. Müller, P. Konopka, H.-M. Steinhorst, A. Engel, T. Möbius, C. M. Volk To cite this version: J.-U. Grooß,
More informationThree-dimensional model study of the Arctic ozone loss in 2002/2003 and comparison with 1999/2000 and 2003/2004
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 139 152, 2005 SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-139 European Geosciences Union Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Three-dimensional model study of the Arctic ozone loss in 2002/2003 and
More informationSevere ozone depletion in the cold Arctic winter
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 33, L17815, doi:10.1029/2006gl026945, 2006 Severe ozone depletion in the cold Arctic winter 2004 05 M. von Hobe, 1 A. Ulanovsky, 2 C. M. Volk, 3 J.-U. Grooß, 1 S. Tilmes,
More informationAnalysis Methods in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science
Analysis Methods in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science AOSC 652 Ordinary Differential Equations Week 12, Day 1 1 Differential Equations are central to Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences They provide quantitative
More information1 Executive Summary. otherwise lead to chlorine deactivation and bring the ozone depletion process to a halt.
1 Executive Summary More than 25 years after the first discovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole and the ratification of the Montreal Protocol (signed in 1987 and reinforced several times), significant ozone
More informationGlobal Warming and Climate Change Part I: Ozone Depletion
GCOE-ARS : November 18, 2010 Global Warming and Climate Change Part I: Ozone Depletion YODEN Shigeo Department of Geophysics, Kyoto University 1. Stratospheric Ozone and History of the Earth 2. Observations
More informationJournal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 78, No. 5, pp ,
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 563-584, 2000 563 Modeling of Chemistry and Chemistry-radiation Coupling Processes for the Middle Atmosphere and a Numerical Experiment
More informationNATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 31. Air Pollution Part II
NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 31 Air Pollution Part II Last time we talked mainly about two types of smog:. 1. London-type smog 2. L.A.-type smog or photochemical smog What are the necessary ingredients
More informationChemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1 14, 28 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/1/28/ Author(s) 28. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3. License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Chemical ozone
More informationModel simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NO x during Arctic Winter 2003/2004
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5279 5293, 2008 Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Model simulations of stratospheric
More informationChapter 2 Protecting the Ozone Layer. The Ozone Hole
Today (Tues 2/24) Newspaper Articles: Ciara Rodwell and Melissa Regan Intro to Ozone, Ozone Hole, & Chapter 2 Light, matter, and human health! Laboratory: Experiment 4 You design investigation Start Ozone
More informationStratospheric ozone chemistry in the Antarctic: what determines the lowest ozone values reached and their recovery?
doi:10.5194/acp-11-12217-2011 Author(s) 2011. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Stratospheric ozone chemistry in the Antarctic: what determines the lowest ozone values reached
More informationAlgorithm Document HEIDOSCILI
lgorithm Document for the retrieval of OClO, BrO and NO 2 vertical profiles from SCIMCHY limb measurements by HEIDOSCILI (Heidelberg DOS of SCIMCHY Limb measurements) uthors: Sven Kühl, Janis Pukite, Thomas
More informationSally E. Pusede, Trevor C. VandenBoer, Jennifer G. Murphy, Milos Z. Markovic, Cora J. Young,
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION for An Atmospheric Constraint on the NO 2 Dependence of Daytime Near- Surface Nitrous Acid (HONO) Sally E. Pusede, Trevor C. VandenBoer, Jennifer G. Murphy, Milos Z. Markovic,
More informationJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D15, 4451, doi: /2002jd002832, 2003
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D15, 4451, doi:10.1029/2002jd002832, 2003 Law of mass action in the Arctic lower stratospheric polar vortex January March 2000: ClO scaling and the calculation
More informationPeter Bernath. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA and University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
THE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT (ACE): Greenhouse Gas Measurements of CO 2, CFCs and HFCs Peter Bernath Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA and University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON ACE Satellite
More informationOzone production in the upper troposphere and the influence of aircraft during SONEX: approach of NO x -saturated conditions
Ozone production in the upper troposphere and the influence of aircraft during SONEX: approach of NO x -saturated conditions The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how
More informationChemistry Updates for CCMI
Chemistry Updates for CCMI Doug Kinnison 11 February 2013 WACCM Working Group Meeting NCAR Why Do Another Assessment? NESL / ACD community contribution. Increases national and international collaborations.
More informationRolling Review of Requirements Application area: Atmospheric chemistry
Application area: Atmospheric chemistry The Rolling Requirements Review (RRR) Process The process consists of four stages: (i) a review of users' requirements for observations, within an area of application
More informationNitric acid in the middle stratosphere as a function of altitude and aerosol loading
Nitric acid in the middle stratosphere as a function of altitude and aerosol loading K. W. Jucks, D. G. Johnson, K. V. Chance, and W. A. Traub Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
More informationSimulation of Polar Ozone Depletion: An Update
Simulation of Polar Ozone Depletion: An Update Image taken from www.zmescience.com D. Kinnison (NCAR), S. Solomon (MIT), and J. Bandoro (MIT) February 17, 2015 WACCM Working Group Meeting, Boulder Co.
More informationJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL.???, XXXX, DOI: /,
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL.???, XXXX, DOI:10.1029/, Analysis of ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere during the late winter and spring of 1997, using the Chemical Species Mapping on Trajectories
More informationSimulation of ozone depletion in spring 2000 with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS)
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. D20, 8295, doi:10.1029/2001jd000456, 2002 Simulation of ozone depletion in spring 2000 with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) J.-U.
More informationTarget molecules and expected quality
6 Validation Plan 6.1 JEM/SMILES measurements 6.2 Basic strategy 6.3 Validation for O 3, HCl and ClO 6.4 Validation for BrO and HNO 3 6.5 Validation for other species 6.6 Collaboration for validation 6.7
More informationChemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Stratospheric Modeling Supplement to Evaluation 12: Update of Key Reactions
JPL Publication 00-3 Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Stratospheric Modeling Supplement to Evaluation 12: Update of Key Reactions Evaluation Number 13 NASA Panel for Data Evaluation:
More informationCAPACITY* OPERATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY MONITORING MISSIONS
CAPACITY* OPERATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY MONITORING MISSIONS 2010-2020 Michiel van Weele Atmospheric Composition Division, Climate Department KNMI The Netherlands * Composition of the Atmosphere: Progress
More informationTemperature Dependence of the Rate Constant for the HO 2 + BrO Reaction
5808 J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 58085812 Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constant for the HO 2 + BrO Reaction Matthew J. Elrod, Roger F. Meads, Jennifer B. Lipson, John V. Seeley, and Mario J. Molina*
More informationBiogeochemical Cycles of Methane and Nitrous Oxide AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433/633 Ross Salawitch
Biogeochemical Cycles of Methane and Nitrous Oxide AOSC 433/633 & CHEM 433/633 Ross Salawitch Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~rjs/class/spr2015 Goals : CH 4 sources and sinks lifetime human influence
More informationHigh resolution simulation of recent Arctic and Antarctic stratospheric chemical ozone loss compared to observations
J Atmos Chem (2006) 55:205 226 DOI 10.1007/s10874-006-9028-8 High resolution simulation of recent Arctic and Antarctic stratospheric chemical ozone loss compared to observations Om Prakash Tripathi Sophie
More informationComposition-Climate Interactions: The recent past
Composition-Climate Interactions: The recent past Peter Braesicke I Fügen Sie auf der Masterfolie ein frei wählbares Bild ein (z.b. passend zum Vortrag) KIT Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und
More informationIonization Rates for from Solar Proton Events
Ionization Rates for 1963-2005 from Solar Proton Events Charles H. Jackman E-mail: Charles.H.Jackman@nasa.gov Phone: 301-614-6053 Code 613.3 Laboratory for Atmospheres NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
More informationStratospheric Chemistry and Processes. Sophie Godin-Beekmann LATMOS, OVSQ, IPSL
Stratospheric Chemistry and Processes Sophie Godin-Beekmann LATMOS, OVSQ, IPSL 1 The Stratosphere Layer just above the troposphere Altitude depends on latitude and season (higher in the tropics and summer)
More informationCHEM/ENVS 380 S14, Midterm Exam ANSWERS 1 Apr 2014
PART- A. Multiple Choice Questions (5 points each): Each question may have more than one correct answer. You must select ALL correct answers, and correct answers only, to receive full credit. 1. Which
More informationCorrespondence to: A. Parrish and I. S. Boyd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7255 7272, 214 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/7255/214/ doi:1.5194/acp-14-7255-214 Author(s) 214. CC Attribution 3. License. Diurnal variations of stratospheric ozone measured by ground-based
More information