A universal slow RI-beam facility at RIKEN RIBF
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1 A universal slow RI-beam facility at RIKEN RIBF M. Wada RIKEN Slow RI-beams of all elements with high purity and small emittance 1. Overview of the facility 2. Technical developments 3. Possible experiments 1
2 What is SLOWRI? H.I. Cyclo. target P. F. S. BigRIPS degrader >100MeV/u cocktail beam ~5 MeV/u cocktail beam!p:3~5% 2ndary nuclear reactions!p:>10% Deceleration & Cooling degrader Gas Cell ISOL Stop in solid cocktail beam!d: thick 0~50 kev pure, small Trap emittance beam Dream may come true in future Post Accelerators 1~5 MeV/u pure, small emittance beam 2
3 - - - Heavy Ion Cyclotron SLOWRI@RIKEN-RIBF Universal Slow RI-Beam Facility Fragment Separator Target 100 MeV/u RI beam Degrader ~1MeV/u Stopping & Cooling of RI-Beams in He Gas RF IonGuide Edc Eeff SPIG RF Carpet ISOL pure slow RI to experiments BigRIPS + RF Ion 1. Wide Range of Nuclides No Chemical Processes in Production & Separation 2. High Purity No Isobar No Isotone Contamination 3. Small Emittance ~1! mm mrad (20 kev), ~10 ev"s Short Bunch 4. Variable Energy Range 1-50 kev Slow Beam, <1eV Trapped RI, 1MeV/u (future option) 5. Human Accesibility during On-line Exp. 3
4 TM RF Ion Guide nozzle 0.7mm$ He 100Torr x 2m 200 mm# 2MeV/u E DC < 10 V / cm 2 ~ 150 cm / Vs! finally stick to!! the cathode!! E effmaxin gas mµ 2Vrf2 = er03 2r0 " electrode distance 4! + - (E(r,t) = E rf (r)cos("t), # v : relax time) Edc + µ : mobility Eeff ~ - v = µe DC e2 1 2 F =" %E rf (r) 2 2 4m (# + 1 / $ v ) - RF gradient Field: Ion Barrier + Static Field:! transports ions + (0~10MeV/u) RF-Carpet M.Wada et al, NIM B204 (2003) 570.
5 5RIKEN RIPS(D1)+RF ion guide On-line Test Setup
6 On-line test setup at RIKEN RIPS RF Carpet SPIG (60cm) Gas Cell (2mx40cm#) IonTrap Q-mass 4 diff. pumping 6
7 SPIG RF six-pole ion beam guide. H. J. Xu and M. Wada et al, NIMA333(1993)247. Cylinder DC-Electrodes in Gas Cell RF Carpet Central part is made of RF ring-electrodes with 0.28mm interval. An exit of 0.7 mmφ is located at the center. SPIG & Nozzle 7
8 8 Yield and efficiency of slow Li-8 ions alpha decay!"# ~100 A MeV 8Li ions from RIPS 8 Li: delayed alpha decay reliable measurements very light ion Overall E!ciency: ~5% max (Ion guide E!ciency: ~33% max) Yield of 8Li: 24 kcps max!$# AC-DC Dependence of Yield M. Wada et al, NIM B204(2003)570 M. Wada, NIM A532(2004) 40
9 9 Laser Spectroscopy of Trapped Be ions He gas channeltron rf carpet gas cell chenneltron potential [V] laser beam Isotope Shifts (Be10, Be9, Be7) were measured. cooling 10 9 ev to 10-6 ev in kinetic energy linear quadrupole Paul trap mass filter for spectroscopy Fluorescence Intensity [counts/0.5 s] SPIG cylindrical dc electrodes wedge degrader Laser Cooled Be-10 ions in on-line trap!0 = 957, (10)(586)GHz Tion = 0.8 K Laser Frequency [+957,400 GHz]
10 Spectroscopy of 7 Be +, 10 Be + with buffer gas cooling in trap 10 7 Be + SHG frequency 2! 10 SHG frequency 2! cal (GHz) Be + cal " (GHz) marker cavity [ FSR=252.69(38) MHz ] marker cavity [ FSR=252.69(38) MHz ] LIF intensity (103 count/0.4s) 500sec (a) (b) I 2 Doppler R95(10-4) FWHM 1.63(GHz) T~39K dye laser frequency! cal " (GHz) " obs = (90) LIF intensity (10 3 counts/0.4s) 900sec (c) (d) I 2 Doppler P83(8-3) FWHM 2.0(GHz) T~84K dye laser frequency! cal " (GHz) " obs = (77)! " #, $K compare with atomic theory!
11 What s next for Be exp. 1. Hyperfine Splittings Measurements of Be-7 for nuclear moment Be-11 for Bohr-Weisskopf effect 2. Isotope shift for 2S-3S transition confirm n-halo in EM probe charge radii of Be isotopes 11
12 Common Problems 1. Efficiency decreases for high intensity beam efficiency"1 Intensity Space-charge effect 2. Impurity beams from stable impurities 3. Extraction time He + (10 5 /ion) ionizes impurity molecules in gas max ~100ms ( for 10ms %=1/10) Cryogenic gas cell? development is still needed 12
13 SLOWRI overview ISOL B1 exp room 10m x 30m H 2.5m (option) Vertical & Horiz. Mass Sepa. Simultaneous Operation (Sharing, Monitoring) B2 exp room 8.5m x 14m H 8m isol-dh isol-dv lift spiral staircase Decay Studies (tape transport) Quad-Q B3 exp room 9m x 11m H 2m Buncher Buncher collinear laser spectroscopy Buncher combined trap for HFS MR-TOF-MS DAQ Hut 3m x 5m (calm) Laser Hut 3m x 5m (clean) Experimental Rooms B3 exp room (bottom) main experimental setups B2 exp room (gas cell floor) tall devices B1 exp room (top) post accelerator (future option) Gas Cell 1 m long, 40 cm #, 100 Torr Dual layered cell for cooling Full covered RF carpet gas cell shield shutter )12 )12 nqd!! "##$!!!"#$ (' %&'' "#$%&'($)* Branch from BigRIPS at D5 New n.c. DQQ to gas cell *+,-./#0 HEBT 6 Def BigRIPS D5 )
14 H H U Bi Pb Pb Pb Tl Tl Hg Hg Hg Hg Hg Hg Hg Estimated Yield of Slow RI-Beams Er Er W W Ta Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Lu Yb Yb YbYb Yb Yb Yb Tm Er Er Er Er Ho Pt Ir Os Os Os Os Re W Au Pt Pt Pt Ir Os Pt Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy with U 10 pna Xe 0.5 pu!a Kr 0.5 pu!a Ba Ba Sm Nd Nd Pr Ce Ce Ce La Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba NdNd Eu Sm Nd Tb GdGd Gd Gd Gd Eu Sm Sm Gd Cs Xe XeXe Xe Xe Xe Xe I Te Te Sb Te Te Te Sb Sn SnSn Sn Sn Sn SnSn Sn Sn In Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Cd Pd Ag Pd PdPd Ag Pd Pd Rh Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Ru Mo MoMoMoMoMo Nb Zr Zr Zr Zr Y Ni Zn Cu Ni Ni Ni Ge Ga Zn Zn Zn Cu Ni Kr Kr Br Se Se SeSe As Ge Ge Ge Ge Ga Sr Sr Sr Sr Rb Kr Kr Kr Kr Br Se Assuming present performance Including T1/2 and Space charge effect Ar Cl S S S P Si Si Si Al MgMgMg Na Ne NeNe F O O O N N C C B B Be Li Li He He Ca K Ar Cl S Co Fe Fe Fe Fe Mn Cr Cr Cr V Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Sc Ca Ca Ca Ca K Ar 10 7 cps!%&'!"#$ 1 cps!!"#$ ($$)*+,-!#./$/,0!#/.12.*3,"/ Yslowri = Ybigrips*!trans*!stop*Veff 4,"5)6+,-!7!89!/11/"0:!;#3"/!<=3.-/!/11/"0 Veff :Effective Volume = { 1.0 (T1/2 > 0.4 s) T 1/2 / 0.4 Lifetime effect Space-charge { 1.0 ( Edeposit < 4.3 MeV*10 4 /s) effect Edeposit -0.5 Edeposit " 1.2A MeV/ion (>Na) 14
15 Planned & Possible SLOWRI 1. Mass Measurements (MR-TOF-MS) 2. Charge Radii (Collinear Laser Spectroscopy) 3. Hyperfine Structure (Trap, Laser-MW Spectroscopy) 4. T1/2, Q&, B.R.(&'-delayed particle spectroscopy) 5. Nuclear Moments (hfs, &-NMR, PAC) 6. Fundamental Symmetry (&-decay in free space) 7. Highly charged RI (EBIT) 8. Antiprotonic Radioactive Atoms 9. Inbeam-', Astrophysics (post acceleration) 15
16 buncher Multi-Reflection TOF Mass Spectrometer ion mirror ion mirror ion detector Y. Ishida, H. Wollnik et al 1) Short Meas. Time (~2ms) 2) Simple Operation # Independent from # Accelerators, RIPS.. 3) Simultaneous Isobar meas. # easy Mass reference 4) High efficiency Measurements/ beamtime Mass Resolving Power 60,000 (TOF~2ms) Accuracy Check (Triplet) "=5.1(17.8) kev/c 2 200,000 has 16been achieved with 7ms meas.
17 Candidate Nuclides to be measured at SLOWRI-RIBF U primary beams: U 10 pna Xe 500 pna Kr 500 pna Z=50 Cd Cd Z=82!$"# Sn Cd CdCd Sn Sn In Cd Te Cd Te Sb Sn Sn SnSn Sn Xe Sb Sn Ba I Te Te Te Sn Ba Xe Xe Xe Ce Cs Xe Xe Ce BaBa Ba Xe Sm Ba Ba Nd Nd Pr Ce La Nd Nd Er Er Yb Ho Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Tb Gd Gd Gd Gd Gd Gd Eu Eu Sm Sm Sm Nd Tm Er Er Er Er Lu YbYb Yb Yb Yb W Yb Ta %"# Hf Hf Hf Hf Hf Pt Ir Os Os Os Os Re W W!"# Bi Pb Pb Pb Tl Tl Hg Hg Hg Hg HgHg Hg Au Pt Pt Pt Ir Os Pt N=126 Ag Ag Pd Pd Pd Pd Rh Pd Pd Ru Ru Ru Ru RuRu Ru Mo MoMoMoMoMo Nb Zr Zr Zr Zr Y Z=28 Ar Cl S S S P Si Si Si Al MgMgMg Na NeNe Ne F O O O N N C C B B Be Li Li He He H H Ca K Ar Cl Ca Ca Ca K Ar Ti Ti Ti Ti Ti Sc Ca Fe Cr Cr Cr V Fe Fe Fe Mn S N=28 Ni Ni Ni Ni Co Zn Cu *"# Ge Ga Zn Zn Zn Cu Ni Sr Sr Sr Sr Rb Kr Kr Kr Kr Kr Kr Br Br Se Se Se Se Se As Ge GeGe Ge Ga N=50 &'() N=82 1 ppm 1 ppb!"#$%&'()*+,-.#$%!"/0'(12%,-.'(12% :6;4< 956==>48?@A4<=9 17
18 Collinear Laser Spectroscopy Precision measurements of atomic transition energy Comparison in isotopes Isotope Shift (E0) Charge rms radii Ion Beam (30keV) accel-decel gap fluorescence detector charge exchange field ionizer & detector Laser (3 colors) Interaction region 1) Charge radii of RI have been measured exclusively by IS measurements Nucleus Studied by Optical Spectroscopy 2) Limited elements, because No slow RI beams &/or No good laser radiations SLOWRI provides UNEXPLORED nuclides H-J. Kluge, Hyp. Int. 74(1992)287.
19 First 19 Years Candidates at SLOWRI Non ISOL elements Good optical transitions High sensitive resonance detection (10 atom/s by Resonance ionization) Ni-53 ~ Ni-75 & neighborhood 5s 4p 4s I<//?//////!/1;4J/4*8<;6;<=%/;=/B3C:47D/94E491 (F$F/%&! f F 2 G<H@6/ ! z G ;=/B3C:47D/54E491 >++#>!$%& '("*+,-)/01 2?@A/56147!"!#"$!%& '()*+,-./01 K 234/56147! a F :94/;76%1<;<=% 3 4 Resonant Wavelengthes
20 BeGan ( &'n counter) T1/2, Q&, Branching Ratio measurements for pure RI at low background?"-(*?#"&5-,#.!/"5.%4*;4%&.%//".,#*@9(."a '()*&+!#,-,#.%,&"/*0,1&.(# 5/,6*78*9(":5*$#,: ;<=>78 '!+2 (*3(.(4.,#!B,.,*:1/.%-/%(#!"#"$$%& CDEEF plan absolute efficiency: & 90%, ' 5%@1MeV, n 40% 20
21 Planned & Possible SLOWRI 1. Mass Measurements (MR-TOF-MS) 2. Charge Radii (Collinear Laser Spectroscopy) 3. Hyperfine Structure (Trap, Laser-MW Spectroscopy) 4. T1/2, Q&, B.R.(&'-delayed particle spectroscopy) 5. Nuclear Moments (hfs, &-NMR, PAC) 6. Fundamental Symmetry (&-decay in free space) 7. Highly charged RI (EBIT) 8. Antiprotonic Radioactive Atoms 9. Inbeam-', Astrophysics (post acceleration) 21
22 Be RIBF 1st beam %#&'$()' on-line Mass SLOWRI Design SLOWRI Construction Cyclotron Ionguide Development SLOWRI Experiments
23 Collaboration!"Mass Spectrometer (Giessen, ORNL)!"Laser Spectroscopy (Texas A&M, JAEA)!!"Fair-Wind gas cell (St. Pertersburg)!!"# Spectroscopy, Buncher (Jyvaskilla, 2006~)!!"Cyclotron ion guide (MSU, 2006~)!!"#$
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