Ultrasensitive switching between resonant reflection and absorption in periodic gratings
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1 Ultrasensitive switching between resonant reflection and absorption in periodic gratings N. Komarevskiy, V. Shklover, L. Braginsky and Ch. Hafner Laboratory for Electromagnetic Fields (IFH), ETH Zurich, Switzerland
2 Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) loss-free media 2
3 Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) 100% reflection High Q-factor 3
4 4 Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) Planar waveguide Corrugated waveguide Waveguide modes Modes folded into 1 st Brillouin zone (empty lattice) Resonance reflection
5 Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) 5
6 Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) k E normal incidence d 8; 2.13; sub d 800 nm 6
7 Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) Silicon carbide N. Komarevskiy, V. Shklover, L. Braginsky, C. Hafner, and J. Lawson, Optics Express, 20, ,
8 Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) Silicon carbide N. Komarevskiy, V. Shklover, L. Braginsky, C. Hafner, and J. Lawson, Optics Express, 20, ,
9 Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) 9
10 High Sensitivity to Geometry & Permittivity Changes Sensor applications: biochemistry humidity pressure angle measurements 10
11 Example of Biosensor: Magnusson et al Changes in real part of permittivity were considered! 11
12 Absorption Based Guided-Mode Resonance (AGMR) top interface is the perturbation strength 12
13 Solution in Terms of Plane Waves = 13
14 Effects of Small Losses: High-Q Absorption Resonances negligible spectral shift 14
15 High Angular Sensitivity of AGMR resonances split and may increase in strength 15
16 Linewidth of Reflection/Absorption Resonances exact linear three Fourier harmonics simplified 16
17 Linewidth of Reflection/Absorption Resonances ~ ~ ~ Absorption resonance is wider than reflection However, for small ε the difference is negligible 17
18 Numerical Examples: Hexagonal Lattice Normal incidence loss-free structure N. Komarevskiy, V. Shklover, L. Braginsky and Ch. Hafner, PIER, 139, ,
19 Introduction of losses reflection drops to zero without spectral shift ' ' " negligible spectral shift 19
20 Hexagonal Lattice: Electric Energy Density N. Komarevskiy, V. Shklover, L. Braginsky and Ch. Hafner, PIER, 139, ,
21 Linewidth of Reflection/Absorption Resonances strongly asymmetric symmetric Using FWHM definition, the absorption resonances can be narrower advantageous for sensor applications 21
22 Conversion of 100% Reflection to 100% Absorption 5 optimized parameters: 4 - geometrical 1- material ε N. Komarevskiy, V. Shklover, L. Braginsky and Ch. Hafner, PIER, 139, ,
23 Conversion of 100% Reflection to 100% Absorption ε =0 Re{ E} ε = optimized parameters: 4 - geometrical 1- material ε 23
24 Thin Absorbing Film High Q-factor resonances, Q ~
25 Graphene Monolayer Boundary conditions: Graphene absorption without corrugation is <2% (external fields can modify σ) 25
26 Angular Dependence resonances split and may increase in strength 26
27 Conclusions: Small ε cause absorption-based guided-mode (AGMR) resonances High Q-factor 100 % reflection to 100% absorption conversion Higher sensitivity with respect to ε than to ε High angular sensitivity (peaks split and increase in magnitude) Absorption causes structure heating; temperature detector scheme 27
28 28
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