SNC2D CHEMISTRY 2/18/2013. CHEMICAL REACTIONS L Polyatomic Ions & Compounds (P ;163) Polyatomic Ions. Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
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1 SNC2D CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL REACTIONS L Polyatomic Ions & Compounds (P ;163) Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that tend to stay together and carry an overall ionic charge. POLYATOMIC ION(P.161) group of atoms that tend to stay together and carry an overall ionic charge only one common positive polyatomic ion L ammonium (NH 4+ ) February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 1 Processed foods contain a lot of sodium, mostly from sodium chloride. Sodium chloride enhances the flavour and extends the shelf-life of food. Other additives in processed foods also contribute to your daily sodium intake. Preserved meats, such as hot dogs, stay red due to the addition of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite. February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 2 1
2 Polyatomic compounds are pure substances that involve combinations of metals with polyatomic ions. POLYATOMIC COMPOUND pure substances that involve combinations of metals with polyatomic ions Compound Formula calcium carbonate magnesium hydroxide CaCO 3 Mg(OH) 2 sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 sodium hypochlorite copper (ii) sulphate sodium carbonate ammonium nitrate NaClO CuSO 4 Na 2 CO 3 NH 4 NO 3 Use/Source chalk & building mtl stomach antacid car battery acid bleach fungicide laundry detergent fertilizer February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 3 There are many types of polyatomic ions, but one special group should be mentioned. Oxyacids are compounds formed when hydrogen combines with polyatomic ions that contain oxygen. Ion Name & Formula Oxyacid Name & Formula nitrate NO 3 - nitric acid HNO 3 nitrite NO 2 - nitrous acid HNO 2 chlorate ClO 3 - chloric acid HClO 3 carbonate CO 3 2- carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 sulphate SO 4 2- sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 sulphite SO 3 2- sulphurous acid H 2 SO 3 phosphate PO 4 3- phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 4 The hydrogen has an ionic charge of 1+ in these compounds. Ion Name & Formula Oxyacid Name & Formula nitrate NO 3 - nitric acid HNO 3 nitrite NO 2 - nitrous acid HNO 2 chlorate ClO 3 - chloric acid HClO 3 carbonate CO 3 2- carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 sulphate SO 4 2- sulphuric acid H 2 SO 4 sulphite SO 3 2- sulphurous acid H 2 SO 3 phosphate PO 4 3- phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 5 2
3 OXYACIDS acid compound formed when hydrogen combines with a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen hydrogen has an ionic charge of 1+ in these compounds February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 6 When a compound containing a polyatomic ion, such as sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ) dissolves, the four ions separate. However, the phosphate ion remains intact. February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 7 Activity: Names & Formulas for (P.161 & 164) DO NOT COPY! 1. The name for compounds that contain a polyatomic ion are simply a combination of the name of the metal and the name of the polyatomic ion. 2. Formulas for compounds that contain a polyatomic ion are written in the same way as other ionic compounds except brackets are necessary when more than one polyatomic ion is needed. If a formula uses the ammonium ion NH 4+ it will go first in the formula (since the positive ion goes first). February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 8 3
4 Activity: Names & Formulas for (P.161 & 164) QUESTIONS 1. Write the chemical names and formulas for the following combinations of elements. (a) sodium & sulphate sodium sulphate (b) copper (II) & hydroxide copper (II) hydroxide (c) ammonium & sulphur ammonium sulphide Na SO Cu NH 4 OH S L Na 2 SO 4 L Cu (OH) 2 L (NH 4 ) 2 S February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 9 1. A polyatomic ion, such as NH 4 + or CO 3 2-, has several atoms joined together. Why is a polyatomic ion not called a molecule? a molecule is neutral polyatomic ions are a group of atoms that tend to stay together and carry an overall ionic charge February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds Write the chemical names for each of the following ionic compounds. (a) Al(HCO 3 ) 3 (b) Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (c) K 2 SO 4 (d) Al(OH) 3 (e) NH 4 NO 3 (f) CuSO 4 (g) Fe(ClO 3 ) 3 (h) Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (i) Sn(ClO 3 ) 2 (j) CuNO 3 aluminum bicarbonate magnesium phosphate potassium sulphate aluminum hydroxide ammonium nitrate copper (II) sulphate iron (III) chlorate lead (II) phosphate tin (II) chlorate copper (I) nitrate February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 11 4
5 3. Write the chemical formulas for each of the following ionic compounds. (a) magnesium sulphate (b) ammonium chloride (c) aluminum nitrate (d) lithium phosphate (e) sodium bicarbonate (f) copper(ii) phosphate (g) copper(i) chlorate (h) magnesium hydroxide (i) lead(ii) nitrate (j) calcium sulphate MgSO 4 NH 4 Cl Al(NO 3 ) 3 Li 3 PO 4 NaHCO 3 Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 CuClO 3 Mg(OH) 2 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 CaSO 4 February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 12 TEXTBOOK P.161 Q.1-4 P.164 Q.1-4 February 18, DCHEM - Polyatomic Ions & Compounds 13 5
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1. The complete combustion of phenylhydrazine, C 6 H 5 NHNH 2, with the oxidizer dinitrogen tetraoxide is shown in the equation C 6 H 5 NHNH 2 + N 2 O 4 CO 2 + H 2 O + N 2 When balanced, the sum of all