Name... Requirements for the task and Chemistry lessons

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1 Name... HAUTLIEU SCHOOL CHEMISTRY Pre AS and IB Diploma Task Expectations All sections of the task will be attempted please check you have answered all questions (even those on the back page) Answers should be presented in a clear and well structured manner in the spaces provided Answers should include an appropriate amount of relevant detail All parts of the task are to be handed in at the start of your first AS or IB lesson in September Content Revision of significant figures and standard form Naming compounds and writing formulae Writing equations Atomic structure research questions Requirements for the task and Chemistry lessons A scientific calculator (please buy one if you do not already own one) A copy of the Periodic Table (the one below is sufficient) Access to Chemistry AS/IB textbooks (library) or internet articles

2 Significant Figures - General Rules 1. Any digit that is not zero is significant 86 has two sig figs has four sig figs 796 has three sig figs 2. Zeros between non zero digits are significant 806 has three sig figs 3001 has four sig figs has six sig figs 3. Zeroes to the left of the first non zero number are not significant. They just show the position of the decimal place has four sig figs has three sig figs 4. If a number is greater than 1, then all the zeros to the left of the decimal point are significant as long as the decimal point is written. If the decimal point is not written, they are not significant. (The best way to avoid confusion is to use standard form.) 250 has two sig figs has three sig figs In standard form this would be 2.5 x For any numbers that contain a decimal, zeroes written to the right are significant has 5 sig figs has 3 sig figs (the first three 0 s are not significant, the last one is)] 6. For numbers written in standard form, all the digits written are significant x 10-4 has three sig figs 8.00 x 10 9 has three sig figs Additional Guidance for chemistry Usually give answers to 3 sig figs unless otherwise stated (however use the whole number in your calculator during a calculation). You will also need to be able to work with numbers written in standard form.

3 Questions 1. Write the following numbers to the quoted number of significant figures. a) sig figs d) 6 3 sig figs b) sig figs e) sig figs c) sig figs f) sig figs 2. Complete the following calculations and give the answers to 3 significant figures. a) 6125 x 384 d) b) x 0.01 e) x 13 c) f) x Write the following numbers in non standard form. a) 1.5 x 10-3 d) x 10 4 b) x 10-2 e) 10.3 x 10 5 c) x 10 5 f) 8.35 x Write the following numbers in standard form. a) d) b) e) 0.62 c) f) Complete the following calculations and give the answers to 3 significant figures. a) x 10-3 x 3.5 b) 4.3 x c) 4.0 x d) x 10 3 e) 6.10 x x 10-5 f) 8.00 x 10-3 x x 10-3

4 Naming Compounds When naming compounds there are two basic rules: 1. When a metal and a non-metal element combine the compound s name is something ide (the metal element is always named first) If sodium and chlorine combine you get sodium chloride If magnesium and oxygen combine you get magnesium oxide 2. When three or more different elements combine and one of them is oxygen the compound s name ends in ate If copper, sulphur and oxygen combine you get copper sulphate If sodium, nitrogen and oxygen combine you get sodium nitrate Finding Formulae To work out the formula when chemicals react, you need to look at the ions that form Positive Ions Negative Ions 1 + ions 2 + ions 3 + ions 3 - ions 2 - ions 1 - ions All group 1 metals: All group 2 metals: Aluminium Al Phosphate PO 4 All group 6 elements: All group 7 elements: Lithium - Li + Magnesium -Mg 2+ Oxide O 2- Fluoride F - Sodium Na + Calcium Ca 2+ Sulphide S 2- Chloride Cl - Potassium K + Bromide Br - Ammonium NH 4 + Zinc Zn 2+ Carbonate CO 3 2- Sulphate SO 4 2- Iodide I - Hydroxide OH - Nitrate NO 3 - For assistance with writing formulae check out the following video: Questions Give the formulae of the following compounds 1) potassium iodide 11) potassium sulphate 2) sodium oxide 12) aluminium hydroxide 3) calcium sulphide 13) potassium nitrate 4) zinc chloride 14) zinc carbonate 5) francium oxide 15) ammonium sulphate 6) lithium telluride 16) caesium sulphide 7) aluminium sulphate 17) lithium phosphate 8) calcium astatide 18) strontium iodide 9) zinc phosphate 19) magnesium hydroxide 10) barium fluoride 20) ammonium nitrate

5 Equations In Chemistry, one important skill is being able to write balanced chemical equations for reactions that have occurred. These are some general equations you should be familiar with: Learn them if you are not! Reaction acid + alkali salt + water Acid + base salt + water Acid + carbonate salt + carbon dioxide + water Examples HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O H 2 SO 4 + 2KOH K 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O H 2 SO 4 + MgO MgSO 4 + H 2 O 2HCl + MgCO 3 MgCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O Acid + metal salt + hydrogen H 2 SO 4 + Ca CaSO 4 + H 2 Substance + oxygen oxides 2Mg + O 2 2MgO C 3 H 8 + 5O 2 3CO 2 + 4H 2 O Metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen 2Na + 2H 2 O 2NaOH + H 2 Metal carbonate metal oxide + carbon dioxide (on heating) CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 Questions Balance the following equations in the spaces underneath: not all the gaps need to be filled a) Mg + HNO 3 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 + H 2 b) Ca + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 + H 2 c) H 3 PO 4 + CaO Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + H 2 O d) HNO 3 + Na 2 CO 3 NaNO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O

6 Give balanced equations for the following reactions (use the guidance on the previous page for help): a) Strontium carbonate strontium oxide + carbon dioxide b) Aluminium + chlorine aluminium chloride c) Calcium + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + hydrogen d) Ammonia + sulphuric acid ammonium sulphate e) Lithium + water lithium hydroxide + hydrogen f) Ethane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water g) Hydrochloric acid + barium carbonate barium chloride + carbon dioxide + water h) Magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

7 Atomic History Research Questions 1. Fill in the table using A level answers rather then GCSE ones Proton Neutron Electron Relative mass Relative charge 2. A) Who discovered the proton? B) When? C) In this experiment: i. What were the particles in the beam? ii. What happened to the particles in the beam? iii. iv. What metal was used? What conclusions were drawn from this experiment? v. What information can we derive from the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom today? vi. Give another interesting fact that you discovered during this research

8 3. A) Who discovered the electron? B) When? C) What was the essential condition for this experiment? D) Give 3 things can we determine from the electron structure of an atom 4. A) Who discovered the neutron? B) When? C) Why was the neutron the last subatomic particle to be discovered? D) What is it called when atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons?

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