Modeling of CO 2 Cut in CBM Production
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1 Modelng of CO Cut n CBM Producton A study by: - Kamal Morad - Davd Dunn - ous Mattar Fekete Assocates Inc.
2 Mult-Component Gas n Coalbed Methane Coalbed Methane has dfferent characterstcs from conventonal reservor. Conventonal reservor: Composton of the produced gas does not vary. Coalbed Methane: Adsorpton s the domnant gas storage mechansm. Coal has dfferent affntes for dfferent gaseous components. Composton of the produced gas vares wth tme.
3 Mult-Component Gas n Coalbed Methane Cont Cont d Adsorpton and desorpton of dfferent gaseous consttuents are compettve processes affected by: Governng Isotherms Orgnal In-Stu gas composton Effect of coal propertes: Coal Rank: Gas Content and Composton changes wth rank Ash Content and Mosture Content Temperature Gas Composton
4 angmur Isotherm Isotherms are used to estmate the gas content of a coal seam at a gven temperature. 700 : angmur olume: The mamum volume of gas that can be adsorbed. P : Pressure at (P / P ( P P + P [, ( P] scf [ P ] [ P] ps / ton
5 Mult-Component Isotherms angmur Isotherms Typcal SanJuan Basn H S CO Storage Capacty (scf/ton C H 6 Ar CH 4 00 N Pressure (psa H Jessen et al., 005
6 Importance of CO cut The porton of CO n produced gas ncreases as reservor pressure further declnes. CO produced along wth methane: Economcal aspects Envronmental aspects Typcally when Methane fracton < 95%, heatng value of gas becomes less than marketable ppelne values. Gas has to be spked or blended CO scrubbed Predcton of compostonal changes s mportant.
7 Assumptons Bnary System of CH 4 and CO Instantaneous Equlbrum between adsorbed and desorbed gas. Dffuson effect gnored. Pseudo-Steady state Tank-type model assumed.
8 Assumptons Cont Cont d Matr Shrnkage s not affected by changng gas composton Reasonable assumpton especally at lower CO fractons. y CO 0. Sh & Durucan 004
9 Modelng Frst tme step (0: - sorbed gas composton s known, ( 0. - ntal pressure s known (p 0 Step For each tme step Calculate free gas mole fracton (y Gven p and y and usng delverablty eq.: - calculate total gas producton (q g. - calculate component gas producton (q g, q g. Usng component mass balance: - calculate new sorbed gas composton ( Usng MBE: - calculate new average reservor pressure, (p R
10 Step. Intal free gas Step. Intal free gas composton composton + n c j j j p b p b c n j t j c j n j j j t p b p b Py p c j n j j j y b y b Etended angmur Isotherm Etended angmur Isotherm
11 Step. Intal free gas composton Cont d Etended angmur Isotherm For the bnary system of CH 4 and CO : b b y y Defnng a separaton factor, α, as: Adsorbed and desorbed gas mole fractons are related as: y y α + ( α y α αy ( α y b b
12 Step. Intal free gas composton Cont d Relatonshp between adsorbed and desorbed gas compostons Desorbed Gas mole fracton, y CH4 CO Adsorbed Gas mole fracton, Isotherm Data taken from Ar et al., 99
13 Modelng Frst tme step (0: - sorbed gas composton s known, ( 0. - ntal pressure s known (p 0 For each tme step Calculate free gas mole fracton (y Gven p and y and usng delverablty eq.: - calculate total gas producton (qg. - calculate component gas producton (qg, q g. Usng component mass balance: - calculate new sorbed gas composton ( Step Usng MBE: - calculate new average reservor pressure, (p R
14 Step. Change n Composton of the Adsorbed Gas a. Specfy the approprate tme nterval. b. Determne delverablty potentals: P (or P R, reservor Temperature, net pay, permeablty and skn are known. Gas delverablty: kk ( ( ( rgh ψ PR ψ Pwf qg r w 4T ln s re Water Delverablty kk ( rwh PR Pwf qw r w 4.μ B + s w w ln 0.75 re
15 Step. Change n Composton of the Adsorbed Gas Cont Cont d c. Producton of each component: Component Mass Balance at tme step : Moles of component j n the sorbed phase Moles of component j n the sorbed phase + Moles of component j desorbed nto free gas For a bnary system: m ty m qgδ m m qgδty +
16 Modelng Frst tme step (0: - sorbed gas composton s known, ( 0. - ntal pressure s known (p 0 For each tme step Calculate free gas mole fracton (y Gven p and y and usng delverablty eq.: - calculate total gas producton (q g. - calculate component gas producton (q g, q g. Usng component mass balance: - calculate new sorbed gas composton ( Usng MBE: - calculate new average reservor pressure, (p R Step 3
17 Step 3. Average Reservor Pressure Determne average reservor pressure: Kng s s Materal Balance Equaton s used. Adsorpton term s modeled by Etended angmur Isotherm. Gven the cumulatve water and gas productons,, Average Reservor Pressure s found. G Ahρ P Proceed to the net tme step: Composton of the desorbed gas olume of each component produced Composton of the adsorbed gas New reservor pressure p ( P B ( ( - ( P ( b y + b y P + P ( b y + b y Jensen and Smth MBE
18 Results: Key Model Parameters angmur Isotherms: Intal In-Stu Gas Composton: Other Parameters: CH CO scf/ton 8 scf/ton P P CH o CH 4 CO 4 CO psa 05 psa Intal Gas Content 440 scf/ton Reservor Temperature 0 o F Dranage Area 60 acres Gas Gravty 0.6 Intal Pressure 000 psa Net pay 40 ft Bulk Densty.6 g/cm 3 Porosty %
19 Results: CO cut vs. Cum Gas Producton Mole Fracton Isotherm Isotherm,, CO CO mole mole fracton fracton Isotherm, CH4 mole fracton Isotherm 50% Recovery, CH4 mole fracton Isotherm, CO mole fracton 50% Isotherm Recovery, CH4 mole fracton Gas Recovery (% CO and CH 4 mole fracton
20 Results: Smulated CO Cut Mole Fracton of CH Smulated CH4 fracton ower mt (-% Upper mt (+% Smulated CO fracton Smulated CH4 fracton ower mt (-% Upper ower mt (-% Upper mt (+% Seres Mole Fracton of CO Tme (yrs Measured vs. Calculated CH 4 and CO Fracton n Produced Gas
21 Results: CO as an Abandonment Factor Ga Rate (MCFD K 0 md S -3 Abandoned at 0 MCFD % Rec 60% Tme (yrs Effect of CO as an abandonment factor
22 Results: CO as an Abandonment Factor Cont Cont d Mole Fracton % CO 60% Recovery 0 MCFD Isotherm, CO mole fracton Isotherm, CH4 mole fracton 60% Recovery Gas Recovery (% Effect of CO as an abandonment factor
23 Conclusons An easy-to to-use, straghtforward model for predctng CO cut n produced gas s provded. Etended angmur Isotherm used and shown to be producng acceptable results. CO composton ncreases wth tme. There s a steep ncrease at large depletons but n practce we hardly ever reach that durng prmary recovery.
24 Modelng of CO Cut n CBM Producton A study by: - Kamal Morad - Davd Dunn - ous Mattar Fekete Assocates Inc.
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