Atoms and Elements 1 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
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1 Atoms and Elements 1 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
2 Atoms and Elements 2 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
3 Elements different types of atoms 3 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Elements are the simplest substances. There are about 100 different elements, which are shown in the periodic table. Each element is made up of very tiny particles called atoms. Each element is made up of just one particular type of atom, which is different to the atoms in any other element. Gold is an element made up of only gold atoms. Carbon is an element made up of only carbon atoms.
4 How big are atoms? 4 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Atoms have a diameter of about cm, which is far too small to be seen with your eyes. However, some microscopes allow scientists to see the outlines of atoms. In one glass of water there are around: 12,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 oxygen atoms 24,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 hydrogen atoms.
5 Who discovered the elements? 5 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Some elements, such as silver and gold, have been known about for a very long time. However, many of the elements were only discovered more recently. British scientist Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen when he experimented with heating gases. Humphrey Davy used electrolysis to isolate elements such as sodium and potassium for the first time. Marie Curie discovered radioactive elements like polonium and radium. What were these elements named after?
6 How many elements are there? 6 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 There are currently 117 elements that have been discovered, 94 of which are naturally occurring. The remaining 23 elements only exist under laboratory conditions. How many naturally-occurring elements can you name?
7 How are artificial elements made? 7 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The first element to be artificially created was technetium, which was discovered in 1937 by Italian scientists working with the naturally-occurring element molybdenum. Since then, other artificial elements have been made in particle accelerators. CERN is one of the world s largest particle accelerators. It is underground on the French-Swiss border and is run by scientists from all over Europe. Most artificial elements are very unstable and usually only exist for milliseconds before they break apart.
8 Symbols for elements 8 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Each element can be represented by a symbol. For many elements, the symbol is the start of the name, for example H = hydrogen or Li = lithium. Can you think of any other symbols like this? Some of the symbols are not as obvious: Pb = lead. Can you think of other elements with unexpected symbols? The first letter of an element s symbol is always a capital letter, e.g. N (not n) for nitrogen. If there are two letters in the element s symbol, the second letter is always a small letter, e.g. Co (not CO) for cobalt.
9 Chemical symbols game 9 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
10 Why are symbols important? 10 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Why might scientists find it easier to use symbols for elements rather than names? Elements have different names in different languages, e.g. in Portuguese, nitrogen is called azote, and iron is called ferro. Symbols are quicker to write than names, and can be easily used in chemical formulae, diagrams and equations. The current system for naming elements and compounds was devised by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) so that scientists all around the world could communicate without confusion.
11 What are atoms made of? 11 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
12 Atoms and Elements 12 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
13 The periodic table 13 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The periodic table is the result of scientists from around the world trying to find order among the elements.
14 The development of the periodic table 14 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
15 How are the elements arranged? 15 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
16 Missing elements! In this periodic table, the symbols are replaced by atomic numbers. Some of the numbers are missing where? Two more rows of elements fit here. They are called the lanthanides and actinides. 16 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
17 The elements in the periodic table 17 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
18 Atoms and Elements 18 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
19 Columns of elements What are columns of elements called? 1 2 groups of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
20 Electrons and groups Elements in the same group in the periodic table have very similar properties. This is because elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell and so react in a similar manner. Elements in Group 0 (at the far right of the periodic table) are called the noble gases. helium neon argon krypton These elements are very unreactive, or stable, because they have full outer electron shells. Group 0 noble gases xenon radon 20 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
21 Rows of elements 21 of 29 Boardworks Ltd What are rows of elements called? periods
22 Patterns of electron arrangement 22 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Consider the electron arrangements of the first 20 elements in the periodic table ,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,8,1 2,8,2 2,8,3 2,8,4 2,8,5 2,8,6 2,8,7 2,8,8 2,8,8,1 2,8,8,2 What is the pattern of outer shell electrons in a group? What is the pattern of outer shell electrons across a period? What is the pattern of full electron shells in a group?
23 Electron trends in the periodic table 23 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Trends down a group: the number of outer shell electrons is the same the number of complete electron shells increases by one. The number of a group is the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell of elements in that group, except for group 0. Trends across a period: the number of outer shell electrons increases by one the number of complete electron shells stays the same. The point at which a new period starts is the point at which electrons begin to fill a new shell.
24 Electrons and groups 24 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
25 Groups and periods 25 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
26 Complete the sentences 26 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
27 Atoms and Elements 27 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
28 Glossary 28 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
29 Multiple-choice quiz 29 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2016
The Periodic Table 1 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016
The Periodic Table 1 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The Periodic Table 2 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The periodic table There are approximately 100 naturally occurring elements. All the known elements are shown
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