The Periodic Table 1 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

Transcription

1 The Periodic Table 1 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

2 The Periodic Table 2 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

3 The periodic table There are approximately 100 naturally occurring elements. All the known elements are shown in the periodic table. Can you spot any patterns in how the elements are arranged in the periodic table? 3 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

4 Who invented the periodic table? 4 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

5 Mendeleev and the periodic table 5 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

6 How are the elements arranged? 6 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

7 Arranging the periodic table 7 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Arranging all the elements by their atomic number and their properties led to the creation of the periodic table.

8 Missing elements! In this periodic table the symbols are replaced by atomic numbers. Some of the numbers are missing where? Two more rows of elements fit here. They are called the lanthanides and actinides. 8 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

9 Metals, non-metals and metalloids 1 9 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Metals are on the left and in the centre of the periodic table. Non-metals are located mostly on the right. Metalloids are located between metals and non-metals in the periodic table. Metalloids sometimes behave like metals and sometimes like non-metals.

10 Metals, non-metals and metalloids 2 10 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

11 Columns of elements What are columns of elements called? 1 2 groups of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

12 Rows of elements 12 of 37 Boardworks Ltd What are rows of elements called? periods

13 The Periodic Table 13 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

14 Complete the sentences 14 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

15 15 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Patterns: reactivity of metals What happens to the reactivity of metals along a period? What happens to the reactivity of metals down a group? Which is the most reactive metal?

16 Which metal is more reactive? 16 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

17 Reacting with water 17 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

18 Patterns: reactivity of non-metals 18 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Group 0 elements (noble gases) are the most unreactive of all elements. For the remaining non-metals, reactivity increases up a group and along a period from left to right. Which is the most reactive non-metal? very unreactive

19 Which non-metal is more reactive? 19 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

20 Halogen reaction with iron wool 20 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

21 The Periodic Table 21 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

22 Patterns, atomic number and electrons 22 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The periodic table shows that patterns in the properties of elements are linked to atomic number. atomic number = number of protons number of protons = number of electrons atomic number = number of electrons Therefore, as atomic number increases by one, the number of electrons also increases by one. This means that the elements in the periodic table are also arranged in order of the number of electrons.

23 How are electrons arranged? 23 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Electrons are arranged in shells around an atom s nucleus. (The shells can also be called energy levels.) Each shell has a maximum number of electrons that it is able to hold. Electrons fill the shells nearest the nucleus first. 1 st shell holds a maximum of 2 electrons 2 nd shell holds a maximum of 8 electrons This electron arrangement is written as 2,8,8. 3 rd shell holds a maximum of 8 electrons

24 24 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Electrons in period 1 Elements in period 1 only have electrons in the first shell. Why are there only two elements in period 1? H He 1 2 The first shell can hold a maximum of two electrons, so period 1 only includes the elements hydrogen and helium. What is special about the outer shell of helium?

25 Electrons in period 2 25 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Elements in period 2 all have a complete first shell. What happens to electrons in the second shell in period 2? Li Be B C N O F Ne 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 The second shell is filled across the period from left to right. What is special about the outer shell of neon?

26 Electrons in period 3 26 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Elements in period 3 have complete first and second shells. What happens to electrons in the third shell in period 3? Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 2,8,1 2,8,2 2,8,3 2,8,4 2,8,5 2,8,6 2,8,7 2,8,8 The third shell is filled across the period from left to right. What is special about the outer shell of argon?

27 Patterns of electron arrangement 27 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Consider the electron arrangements of the first 20 elements in the periodic table ,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,8,1 2,8,2 2,8,3 2,8,4 2,8,5 2,8,6 2,8,7 2,8,8 2,8,8,1 2,8,8,2 What is the pattern of outer shell electrons in a group? What is the pattern of outer shell electrons across a period? What is the pattern of full electron shells in a group?

28 Electron trends in the periodic table 28 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Trends down a group: the number of outer shell electrons is the same the number of complete electron shells increases by one. The number of a group is the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell of elements in that group, except for group 0. Trends across a period: the number of outer shell electrons increases by one the number of complete electron shells stays the same. The point at which a new period starts is the point at which electrons begin to fill a new shell.

29 Electrons and groups 29 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

30 Groups and periods 30 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

31 What s the electron arrangement? 31 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

32 Names of groups in the periodic table 32 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

33 The Periodic Table 33 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

34 Periodic table and electron structure 34 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

35 Glossary 35 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

36 Anagrams 36 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016

37 Multiple-choice quiz 37 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016