Acid-Base Chemistry. Introduction to Reaction Mechanism
|
|
- Dustin Chandler
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Acid-Base Chemistry Introduction to Reaction Mechanism
2 What is an acid and what is a base? Bronsted-Lowry definition Acids are proton donors (A-H) e.g. HCl, H 2 SO 4, HBr, HNO 3, HI etc. Bronsted-Lowry definition Bases are proton acceptors (B:) e.g. NaOH, Na 2 CO 3, NaNH 2, CH 3 Li etc.
3 Common acids that you have seen before: Notice that the H in each case is bonded to a more highly electronegative atom and H will therefore be d+ If the H is electron-poor (d+) then it will be attracted to electron-rich species (i.e. Bases, B:)
4 Common bases that you have seen before: Notice that each base contains at least one atom that has a lone pair and that the metal ions are balancing charges The electron-rich species (i.e. Bases, B: will be attracted to the electron-poor H (d+) of the acid
5 In a typical Acid-Base reaction we follow the electrons: A lone pair from the base is used to bond to the (d+) H of the acid The group attached to H must then break off so that H only has two electrons (i.e. the maximum it can handle)
6 In a general sense we can represent this as: The curved arrows are used to track the use of electrons in reactions
7 Put the two formats next to each other:
8 Which of the following are Bronsted-Lowry (i.e. protic) acids?
9 Which of the following are Bronsted-Lowry (i.e. protic) acids? Answer
10 Which of the following are Bronsted-Lowry bases (i.e. proton acceptors)?
11 Which of the following are Bronsted-Lowry bases (i.e. proton acceptors)? Answer
12 You need to be able to identify components quickly: Which is the acid, the base, the conjugate acid and the conjugate base?
13 You need to be able to identify components quickly Once these relationships are established we are then able to consider K a for the reaction
14 Using examples from General Chemistry: We know that NaOH is a strong base and that H 2 SO 4 is a strong acid so the reaction here gives a weak conjugate acid and a weak conjugate base so the products are more stable than the reactants
15 We can make some general statements: Strong acids and strong bases are reactive Weak acids and weak bases are relatively stable The more stable material is preferred
16 So the reaction to the right is favoured But by how much? Well, we have pk a values to help answer that; pk a is related to K a (pka = -log 10 K a )
17 Some general statements about pk a Weak acids always have high pk a values; Strong acids have low (or negative) pk a values; (Conjugate) base strength is inversely proportional to acid strength.
18 So in this reaction the right side is favoured The difference in pk a values is a guide to Ka; Here we have a difference of ~21 units; K a therefore will be ~10 21 so the right is completely favoured.
19 Match the following: 1
20 Match the following: 1 answer
21 Match the following: 2
22 Match the following: 2 answer
23 We have a very useful list of pk a values: Strong acids: have very weak conjugate bases:
24 We have a very useful list of pk a values Weak acids: have weak to strong conjugate bases:
25 We have a very useful list of pk a values. Very weak acids: have very strong conjugate bases:
26 Match the following: 3
27 Match the following: 3 answer
28 Match the following: 4
29 Match the following: 4 answers
30 So what influences the strengths of acids and bases? Electronegativity plays a role across the periodic table: The proton becomes more positive with an electronegative atom attached and is more attracted to the base. Also, the conjugate base is more stable when the charge is on the more electronegative atom.
31 What influences the strengths of acids and bases? Bond strength and ion size play roles down the periodic table: Since the H-X bond has to break in the acid-base reaction, the strength of that bond will determine the strength of the acid; the H-X bond strength gets weaker going down the table and so is easier to break. Also, ion size - the larger the anion, the more stable the conjugate base.
32 What influences the strengths of acids? Bond strength and ion size play roles down the periodic table: The carboxylic acid will give a conjugate base with charge spread over two oxygen atoms. The phenol will produce an anion in which some of the charge must spread onto the atoms of the ring. The anion from the alcohol will have a localized negative charge.
33 Influences on the strengths of acids.. Inductive effect plays a role: The difference in pk a values is attributable to the replacement of the CH 3 group with a highly electronegative CF 3 group which will pull a large amount of electron density away from the H of the acid, and also stabilize the negative charge in the conjugate base anion.
34 Choose the correct products from the following reaction:
35 Choose the correct products from the following reaction: answer
36 What is K for the following conversion?
37 What is K for the following conversion? Answer
38 What are the expected products here?
39 What are the expected products here? Answer..
40 What is K for the following reaction?
41 What is K for the following reaction? Answer..
42 Which products are formed in the following reaction?
43 Which products are formed in the following reaction? Answer
44 What is the size of K for the following reaction?
45 What is the size of K for the following reaction? Answer
46 So practice these reactions and learn how to use pk a values
Chapter 3 Acids and Bases"
Chapter 3 Acids and Bases BrØnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases A BrØnsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor. A BrØnsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor. H + = proton Acids and Bases Reactions of BrØnsted-Lowry Acids
More informationAcid / Base Properties of Salts
Acid / Base Properties of Salts n Soluble ionic salts produce may produce neutral, acidic, or basic solutions depending on the acidbase properties of the individual ions. n Consider the salt sodium nitrate,
More informationCHEM 109A Organic Chemistry
CHEM 109A Organic Chemistry https://labs.chem.ucsb.edu/zakarian/armen/courses.html Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry Draw the conjugate acid of each of the following:
More informationLearning Guide for Chapter 7 - Organic Reactions I
Learning Guide for Chapter 7 - rganic Reactions I I. Introduction to Reactions II. Principles of Kinetics III. Principles of Thermodynamics IV. cleophiles and Electrophiles V. Acids and Bases What a chemical
More informationLearning Guide for Chapter 7 - Organic Reactions I
Learning Guide for Chapter 7 - rganic Reactions I I. Introduction to Reactions II. Principles of Kinetics III. Principles of Thermodynamics IV. Nucleophiles and Electrophiles V. Acids and Bases What a
More informationAcid Dissociation Constant
CE 131 Lecture 37 Lewis Acids and Bases Chapter 16: pp. 800-802. Acid Dissociation Constant C 2 3 2 + 2 3 + + C 2 3-2 [ 3 + ][C 2 3-2 ] K = [ 2 ][C 2 3 2 ] [ 3 + ][C 2 3-2 ] K a = K [ 2 ] = [C 2 3 2 ]
More informationAcids and Bases. A strong base is a substance that completely ionizes in aqueous solutions to give a cation and a hydroxide ion.
Acid-Base Theories Arrhenius Acids and Bases (1884) Acids and Bases An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions. A base is a substance that, when
More informationMany Organic compounds are acids or bases (or both) Many Organic compounds undergo acid-base reactions
Objective 4 Intro to Reactivity 1: identify acids and bases using Lewis definition. Use curved arrows to show how base reacts with acid. Relate strength to pk a. Determine direction of equilibrium. Use
More information2. Acids and Bases (text )
2009, Department of hemistry, The University of Western ntario 2.1 2. Acids and Bases (text 2.1 2.6) Acid-base reactions are one of the most important reaction types in organic chemistry and biology, e.g.:
More informationCovalent bonds can have ionic character These are polar covalent bonds
Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity Covalent bonds can have ionic character These are polar covalent bonds Bonding electrons attracted more strongly by one atom than by the other Electron distribution
More informationChapter Bonding. Atoms trying to attain the stable configuration of a noble (inert) gas - often referred to as the octet rule
Chapter 1 1.2-1.3 Bonding Atoms trying to attain the stable configuration of a noble (inert) gas - often referred to as the octet rule 1.2 Ionic Bonding - Electrons Transferred 1.3 Covalent Bonding - Electrons
More informationName. Chapter 4 covers acid-base chemistry. That should help you get going.
Name Chapter 4 covers acid-base chemistry. That should help you get going. 1 Use curved arrows to illustrate the transfer of a proton (i.e. an + ) from benzoic acid to phenoxide, and draw the products.
More informationChapter 3 Acids and Bases. The Curved-Arrow Notation
Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. Marc Loudon Chapter 3 Acids and Bases. The Curved-Arrow Notation Eric J. Kantorows ki California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA Chapter 3 Overview 3.1 Lewis
More informationCh 2 Polar Covalent Bonds
h 2 Polar ovalent Bonds Two primary bond types: ovalent (shared e -1 s) and Ionic (transferred e -1 s) Ionic bonds can have covalent character, such as with Na:l. An e -1 pair on l -1 can fill the 3s orbital
More informationAcids & Bases Game Guide. playmadagames.com PlayMada Games LLC. All rights reserved.
Acids & Bases Game Guide playmadagames.com 2017 PlayMada Games LLC. All rights reserved. Acids & Bases Snapshot Challenges The ChallengeLevels increase in rigor and complexity. The first 2 levels are tutorial
More informationChapter 3 An Introduction to Organic Reactions: Acids and Bases
There are 4 types of Organic Reactions Chapter 3 An Introduction to Organic Reactions: SUBSTITUTION: ADDITION: X Y + A X A + Y Example Example A B + X Y A B X Y ELIMINATION There are 4 Types of Organic
More informationCHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES
CHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES Topics Definition of acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry Concept Dissociation constant of weak acids Acid strength Calculating ph for strong and weak acids and bases Polyprotic acids
More informationAcids and Bases. Acids and Bases
BrØnsted-Lowry A BrØnsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor. A BrØnsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor. H + = proton BrØnsted-Lowry Some molecules contain both hydrogen atoms and lone pairs and thus, can act
More informationORGANIC - CLUTCH CH. 3 - ACIDS AND BASES.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: OVERVIEW OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS There are 4 types of common chemical reactions that we need to be familiar with in organic chemistry 1. Acid-Base Reactions: Two molecules
More information1.10 Structural formulas
1.10 Structural formulas It shows which atoms are bonded to which. There are two types of structural formulas, complete Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas. In addition, there are several
More informationACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM
ACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM Part one: Acid/Base Theories Learning Goals: to identify acids and bases and their conjugates according to Arrhenius and Bronstead Lowry Theories. to be able to identify amphoteric
More informationAP Chemistry Study Guide 8 v Stomach acid and heartburn Ø The cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid To kill unwanted bacteria To
AP Chemistry Study Guide 8 v Stomach acid and heartburn Ø The cells that line your stomach produce hydrochloric acid To kill unwanted bacteria To help break down food To activate enzymes to break down
More informationChapter 16. Acids and Bases. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1
Chapter 16 Acids and Bases Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1 Section 16.1 Acids and Bases Models of Acids and Bases Arrhenius: Acids produce H + ions in solution, bases produce OH ions.
More informationChapter 02 - Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases
Exhibit 2-1 Give the corresponding letter of the term that best matches the given definition. a. Brønsted-Lowry Acid f. Ionic Bond b. Brønsted-Lowry Base g. Covalent Bond c. Lewis Acid h. Polar-Covalent
More information6.2 Electron Movements in Brønsted Acid Base Reactions. Copyright 2018 by Nelson Education Limited 1
6.2 Electron Movements in Brønsted Acid Base Reactions Copyright 2018 by Nelson Education Limited 1 Recall: Brønsted Acid Base Reactions often simply termed acid base reactions Recall: H + does not actually
More informationLewis Acid/Base. Lewis acid is a different way to look at some type of acids. Lewis Acid/base reactions track the electrons rather then the protons.
Acid Base Wrap up topics Lewis acid Bases Structural indicators of the strength of acids Non-metal oxides/ metal oxides Amphoteric substances Acidic properties of swimming pools Schweitzer 1-29-05 Lewis
More informationChapter 2 Lecture Outline
Organic Chemistry, Second Edition Janice Gorzynski Smith University of Hawai i Chapter 2 Lecture Outline Prepared by Rabi Ann Musah State University of New York at Albany Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,
More informationOrganic Chem Chapter 3: Acids and Bases
Organic Chem Chapter 3: Acids and Bases Title and Highlight Right side: NOTES! Topic: EQ: Date NOTES: Write out the notes from my website. Use different types of note-taking methods to help you recall
More information2. Polar Covalent Bonds: Acids and Bases
2. Polar Covalent Bonds: Acids and Bases Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 6 th edition, Chapter 2 2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 2.1 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity!
More informationC h a p t e r T h r e e: Acids and Bases. 17, 21-Dimethylheptatriacontane, a sex attractant pheromone of the tsetse fly
C h a p t e r T h r e e: Acids and Bases 17, 21-Dimethylheptatriacontane, a sex attractant pheromone of the tsetse fly CM 321: Summary of Important Concepts YConcepts for Chapter 3: Acids and Bases I.
More informationChemistry 304B, Spring 99 Lecture 2 1
Chemistry 04B, Spring 99 Lecture 2 1 Consider Acidity and Basicity Recall carboxylic acids and amines (base). Jones: p 27-8; 149, 291, 822-826, 1086-1090, 958-96, 878-882 General terms: Lewis acid: capable
More informationTwo atoms share electrons to make a covalent bond. The differenceof the electronegativites of those two atoms determines how polar that bond is.
Chapter 2: Polar covalent bonds; Acids and bases The reactivity of organic compounds is often defined by the polarities of the covalent bonds in the molecule. Polar covalent bonds: an intermediate between
More informationChapter 3 Acids and Bases
hapter 3 Acids and Bases Basic Definitions Associated with Acids and Bases Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases Molecular Models of Selected Acids Brønsted-Lowry Theory 1. In a Brønsted-Lowry reaction,
More informationACIDS AND BASES. Note: For most of the acid-base reactions, we will be using the Bronsted-Lowry definitions.
DEFINITIONS: ACIDS AND BASES Arrhenius Definition An acid in aqueous solution produces H + ions. A base in aqueous solution produces OH - ions. Bronsted Lowry Theory An acid is a proton donor A base is
More informationChapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases SAMPLE. Chapter Outline
Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases Chapter utline I. Polar covalent bonds (Sections 2.1 2.3). A. Electronegativity (Section 2.1). 1. Although some bonds are totally ionic and some are totally
More informationIB Chemistry ABS Introduction An acid was initially considered a substance that would produce H + ions in water.
IB Chemistry ABS Introduction An acid was initially considered a substance that would produce H + ions in water. The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid is a species that can donate an H + ion to any
More informationChem 3719 Klein Chapter Practice Problems
Chem 379 Klein Chapter Practice Problems Dr. Peter Norris, 208 Klein Chapter Problems : Review of General Chemistry. Draw viable structures for molecules with the following molecular formulae. Remember
More informationFull file at
Essential Organic Chemistry, 2e (Bruice) Chapter 2 Acids and Bases 1) Which of the following is not a conjugate acid-base pair? A) B) C) HSO- 4, H2SO4 D) -OH, O2- E) NO3 -, NO2-2) Which is defined as a
More information11/15/11. Chapter 16. HA(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + A (aq) acid base conjugate conjugate
Chapter 16 Table of Contents Chapter 16 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Buffered Solutions Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2 Models of Arrhenius: Acids produce H + ions in solution, bases
More informationChapter 14. Acids and Bases
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases Section 14.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases Models of Acids and Bases Arrhenius: Acids produce H + ions in solution, bases produce OH - ions. Brønsted Lowry: Acids are proton
More informationORGANIC - BROWN 8E CH.4 - ACIDS AND BASES.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: FREE ENERGY DIAGRAMS Atoms save energy by forming bonds. Free energy diagrams show overall changes in potential energy during reactions. Free energy diagrams give us information
More information11/14/10. Properties of Acids! CHAPTER 15 Acids and Bases. Table 18.1
11/14/10 CHAPTER 15 Acids and Bases 15-1 Properties of Acids! Sour taste React with active metals i.e., Al, Zn, Fe, but not Cu, Ag, or Au 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2 corrosive React with carbonates, producing
More informationAcid/Base stuff Beauchamp 1
cid/base stuff Beauchamp 1 Problems You should be able to match a pk a value with its acid in each group below and explain the differences. You should be able to draw an arrow-pushing mechanism with general
More informationChemistry: The Central Science. Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria. 16.1: Acids and Bases: A Brief Review
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria 16.1: Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids have a sour taste and cause certain dyes to change color Base have a bitter taste and feel slippery
More informationChapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases. Chapter Outline
rganic Chemistry 9th Edition McMurry SLUTINS MANUAL Full clear download at: https://testbankreal.com/download/organic-chemistry-9th-edition-mcmurrysolutions-manual/ rganic Chemistry 9th Edition McMurry
More informationChapter 16. Acid-Base Equilibria
Chapter 16. Acid-Base Equilibria 16.1 Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids taste sour and cause certain dyes to change color. Bases taste bitter and feel soapy. Arrhenius concept of acids and bases: An
More informationChapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria
Page 1 of 20 Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria 16.1 Acids and Bases: A Brief Review Acids: taste sour and cause certain dyes to change color. Bases: taste bitter and feel soapy. Arrhenius concept o acids
More informationChapter 2: Acids and Bases
1. Which of the following statements is a correct definition for a Brønsted-Lowry acid? A) Proton acceptor C) Electron pair acceptor B) Electron pair donor D) Proton donor 2. Which of the following statements
More informationChapter 02 - Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases. Exhibit 2-1
Exhibit 2-1 Organic Chemistry 9th Edition McMurry TEST BANK Full clear download at: https://testbankreal.com/download/organic-chemistry-9th-edition-mcmurry-test-bank/ Organic Chemistry 9th Edition McMurry
More informationWhat Is Organic Chemistry?
What Is Organic Chemistry? EQ: What is Organic Chemistry? Read: pages 1-3 Answer the questions in your packet Basics of Organic Chem 1 Chapter 1: Structure and Bonding Key terms Organic Chemistry Inorganic
More informationChap 16 Chemical Equilibrium HSU FUYIN
Chap 16 Chemical Equilibrium HSU FUYIN 1 Definitions: Arrhenius & Brønsted Lowry acid and base Arrhenius theory: An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen
More informationCu 2+ (aq) + 4NH 3(aq) = Cu(NH 3) 4 2+ (aq) I (aq) + I 2(aq) = I 3 (aq) Fe 3+ (aq) + 6H 2O(l) = Fe(H 2O) 6 3+ (aq) Strong acids
There are three definitions for acids and bases we will need to understand. Arrhenius Concept: an acid supplies H + to an aqueous solution. A base supplies OH to an aqueous solution. This is the oldest
More informationChem 105 Tuesday March 8, Chapter 17. Acids and Bases
Chem 105 Tuesday March 8, 2011 Chapter 17. Acids and Bases 1) Define Brønsted Acid and Brønsted Base 2) Proton (H + ) transfer reactions: conjugate acid-base pairs 3) Water and other amphiprotic substances
More informationMany Organic compounds are acids or bases (or both) Many Organic compounds undergo acid-base reactions
Objective 4 Intro to Reactivity 1: identify acids and bases using Lewis definition. Use curved arrows to show how base reacts with acid. Relate strength to pk a. Determine direction of equilibrium. Use
More informationProperties of Acids and Bases
Chapter 15 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases Generally, an acid is a compound that releases hydrogen ions, H +, into water. Blue litmus is used to test for acids. Blue litmus
More informationF B - N + H. B-L A B-L B CB CA pka ~15 wkr A ~9. Lewis A Lewis B Lewis A-B complex. N O B-L A B-L B CB CA pka ~5 ~9 wkr A
CEM 109A 1. Predict the products of the following reactions. Label the acids, bases (Lewis or Bronsted-Lowry) and conjugates (if applicable). Determine the side that is favored at equilibrium for the reactions
More informationAqueous Equilibria, Part 1 AP Chemistry Lecture Outline
Aqueous Equilibria, Part 1 AP Chemistry Lecture Outline Name: Acids and Bases Arrhenius...acids increase the when dissolved in H 2 O....bases increase the when dissolved in H 2 O. e.g., HCl and NaOH Bronsted-Lowry
More informationAcid-Base Chemistry & Organic Compounds. Chapter 2
Acid-Base Chemistry & Organic Compounds Chapter 2 Brønsted Lowry Acids & Bases! Brønsted-Lowry Acid: Proton (H + ) Donor! Brønsted-Lowry Base: Proton (H + ) Acceptor! General reaction: HA + B: A - + BH
More informationChapter 14 Acid- Base Equilibria Study Guide
Chapter 14 Acid- Base Equilibria Study Guide This chapter will illustrate the chemistry of acid- base reactions and equilibria, and provide you with tools for quantifying the concentrations of acids and
More informationSection 32 Acids and Bases. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.
Section 32 Acids and Bases 1 Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. Acid-Base Concepts Acids and bases are among the most familiar and important of all chemical compounds. You
More informationModule 2 Acids and Bases. Lecture 3 Acids and Bases
Module 2 Acids and Bases Lecture 3 Acids and Bases 2.1 Concepts A compound is classified as an acid or a base based on certain properties. At present there are several theories which define the concepts
More informationThe best things in life aren t things
Chemistry 132 NT The best things in life aren t things Anon 1 2 Chem 132 NT Acids and Module 2 Acid and Base s Relative s of Acids and Acidbase indicator dye. 3 1 Review Arrhenius ConceptAcids H+ donors
More informationChapter 16: Acid Base Equilibria Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Learning Standards & Objectives;
Chapter 16: Acid Base Equilibria Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Learning Standards & Objectives; Chapter 16 AP16-1,2-01 AP16-1,2-02 AP16-1,2-03 AP16-3,4-01 AP16-3,4-02 AP16-5-01 AP16-6,7-01 AP16-6,7-02
More informationChapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases 14.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Systems Bronsted acid: proton donor Bronsted base: proton acceptor Bronsted acid base reaction: proton transfer from
More informationChapter 2: Acids and Bases
hapter 2: Acids and Bases 32 hapter 2: Acids and Bases Problems 2.1 Write each acid- reaction as a proton-transfer reaction. Label which reactant is the acid and which the, as well as which product is
More informationWhat is an acid? What is a base?
What is an acid? What is a base? Properties of an acid Sour taste Turns litmus paper red Conducts electric current Some acids are strong and some are weak Properties of a base Bitter taste Slippery to
More informationOrganic Chemistry I Dr Alex Roche Organic chemistry is the chemistry of Carbon and its compounds. Organic molecules constitute the essence of life (fats, sugars, proteins, DNA), and also permeate our everyday
More informationThe Acidity Constant, K a
The Acidity Constant, K a The strength of an acid is represented by its ionization constant (acidity constant), K a K a = product of concentrations of ionized species concentration of intact acid K a =
More informationChapter 2 Acids and Bases. Arrhenius Acid and Base Theory. Brønsted-Lowry Acid and Base Theory
hapter 2 Acids and Bases A significant amount of chemistry can be described using different theories of acids and bases. We ll consider three different acid-base theories (listed in order of increasing
More informationEdexcel Chemistry A-level Topic 12 - Acid-Base Equilibria
Edexcel Chemistry A-level Topic 12 - Acid-Base Equilibria Flashcards Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid Proton donor Define a Bronsted-Lowry base Define a Bronsted-Lowry base Proton
More informationChemistry 2000 Lecture 19: Organic acids
Chemistry 2000 Lecture 19: Organic acids Marc R. Roussel March 8, 2018 Marc R. Roussel Chemistry 2000 Lecture 19: Organic acids March 8, 2018 1 / 22 Organic acids The acid dissociation constant, K a The
More informationThe Chemistry of Acids and Bases
The Chemistry of 1 Acids and Bases 2 Acid and Bases 3 Acid and Bases 4 Acid and Bases 5 Strong and Weak Acids/Bases Generally divide acids and bases into STRONG or WEAK ones. STRONG ACID: HNO 3 (aq) +
More informationNATURE OF ACIDS & BASES
General Properties: NATURE OF ACIDS & BASES ACIDS BASES Taste sour Bitter Change color of indicators Blue Litmus turns red no change Red Litmus no change turns blue Phenolphtalein Colorless turns pink
More informationChapter 3 Acids & Bases. Curved-Arrow Notation
Chemistry 201 2009 Chapter 3, Page 1 Chapter 3 Acids & Bases. Curved-Arrow otation Introduction This chapter combines two new challenges: a new way to draw electron patterns and a new way to talk about
More informationA is capable of donating one or more H+
Slide 1 / 48 1 According to the Arrhenius concept, an acid is a substance that. A is capable of donating one or more H+ B C D E causes an increase in the concentration of H+ in aqueous solutions can accept
More information(Label the Conjugate Pairs) Water in the last example acted as a Bronsted-Lowry base, and here it is acting as an acid. or
Chapter 16 - Acid-Base Equilibria Arrhenius Definition produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Limits to aqueous solutions. Only one kind of base. NH
More informationWhat is an acid? What is a base?
What is an acid? What is a base? Properties of an acid Sour taste Turns litmus paper red Conducts electric current Some acids are strong and some are weak Properties of a base Bitter taste Slippery to
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 16. Acid Base Equilibria. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 16 Acid Base Equilibria John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Some Definitions Arrhenius An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases
More informationHA(aq) H + (aq) + A (aq) We can write an equilibrium constant expression for this dissociation: [ ][ ]
16.6 Weak Acids Weak acids are only partially ionized in aqueous solution. There is a mixture of ions and un-ionized acid in solution. Therefore, weak acids are in equilibrium: Or: HA(aq) + H 2 O(l) H
More informationChapter 16. Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 16 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Some Definitions Arrhenius
More informationLone pairs as thieves
Lone pairs These are valence orbitals that are full, but that does not mean that they do not participate in bonding If an ion with a positive charge comes close enough, the lone pair may attract it and
More informationACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA. Chapter 16
P a g e 1 Chapter 16 ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA Nature of Acids and Bases Before we formally define acids and bases, let s examine their properties. Properties of Acids Sour taste Ability to dissolve many metals
More informationWhat is an acid? What is a base?
What is an acid? What is a base? Properties of an acid Sour taste Turns litmus paper red Conducts electric current Some acids are strong and some are weak Properties of a base Bitter taste Slippery to
More informationContents and Concepts
Chapter 16 1 Learning Objectives Acid Base Concepts Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Base a. Define acid and base according to the Arrhenius concept. Brønsted Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases a. Define acid
More informationChapter 14. Objectives
Section 1 Properties of Acids and Bases Objectives List five general properties of aqueous acids and bases. Name common binary acids and oxyacids, given their chemical formulas. List five acids commonly
More informationChapter 8. Acidity, Basicity and pk a
Chapter 8 Acidity, Basicity and pk a p182 In this reaction water is acting as a base, according to our definition above, by accepting a proton from HCl which in turn is acting as an acid by donating a
More informationCHM 1046 FINAL REVIEW
CHM 1046 FINAL REVIEW Prepared & Presented By: Marian Ayoub PART II Chapter Description 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Acids and Bases 16 Acid-Base Equilibrium 17 Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibrium 19
More informationAbdullah Zreqat. Laith Abu Shekha. Mamoun Ahram
2 Abdullah Zreqat Laith Abu Shekha Mamoun Ahram In this sheet we will talk about carbon, water, acid and bases. Carbon: Carbon is the only element that can form so many different compounds because each
More informationA) Arrhenius Acids produce H+ and bases produce OH not always used because it only IDs X OH as basic species
3 ACID AND BASE THEORIES: A) Arrhenius Acids produce H+ and bases produce OH not always used because it only IDs X OH as basic species B) Bronsted and Lowry Acid = H + donor > CB = formed after H + dissociates
More informationChapter 01 Structure Determines Properties part 2
Chapter 01 Structure Determines Properties part 2 CEM 341: Spring 2012 Prof. Greg Cook Resonance Section 1.8 Resonance Some molecules may have more than one correct Lewis structure These are NT isomers.
More informationAcids and Bases. Chapter 15. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Acids and Bases Chapter 15 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Acids Have a sour taste. Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain
More informationIntroduction into Biochemistry. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Lecture 1
Introduction into Biochemistry Dr. Mamoun Ahram Lecture 1 Course information Recommended textbooks Biochemistry; Mary K. Campbell and Shawn O. Farrell, Brooks Cole; 7 th edition Instructors Dr. Mamoun
More informationGrace King High School Chemistry Test Review
CHAPTER 19 Acids, Bases & Salts 1. ACIDS Grace King High School Chemistry Test Review UNITS 7 SOLUTIONS &ACIDS & BASES Arrhenius definition of Acid: Contain Hydrogen and produce Hydrogen ion (aka proton),
More informationChapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria
Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Learning goals and key skills: Understand the nature of the hydrated proton, represented as either H + (aq) or H 3 O + (aq) Define and identify Arrhenuis acids and bases.
More informationNucleophilic Addition Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Lecture 5: bjectives: Nucleophilic Addition eactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives By the end of this lecture you will be able to: draw the mechanism of a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction with
More informationWeak acids are only partially ionized in aqueous solution: mixture of ions and un-ionized acid in solution.
16.6 Weak Acids Weak acids are only partially ionized in aqueous solution: mixture of ions and un-ionized acid in solution. Therefore, weak acids are in equilibrium: HA(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + A
More informationCH 15 Summary. Equilibrium is a balance between products and reactants
CH 15 Summary Equilibrium is a balance between products and reactants Use stoichiometry to determine reactant or product ratios, but NOT reactant to product ratios. Capital K is used to represent the equilibrium
More informationCHAPTER 7 Acid Base Equilibria
1 CHAPTER 7 Acid Base Equilibria Learning Objectives Acid base theories Acid base equilibria in water Weak acids and bases Salts of weak acids and bases Buffers Logarithmic concentration diagrams 2 ACID
More informationC H C H 3. aspirin CHEMISTRY Topic #4: Organic Chemistry Fall 2018 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises in Topic 12
= = 3 EMISTY 2000 aspirin Topic #4: rganic hemistry Fall 2018 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises in Topic 12 rganic Acids (arboxylic Acids) When you hear the term organic acid, it s generally referring to
More informationCourse Goals for CHEM 202
Course Goals for CHEM 202 Students will use their understanding of chemical bonding and energetics to predict and explain changes in enthalpy, entropy, and free energy for a variety of processes and reactions.
More information