January 08, atoms reu.notebook. Atoms and Elements

Transcription

1 Atoms and Elements Atoms and Elements Everything around you is matter. Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Mass is the amount of matter in a substance. Volume is the amount of space the substance occupies. Which of these are matter? Why? 1

2 Atoms and Elements Atoms are the basic building blocks of most matter around you. There are different kinds of atoms, but each kind of atom is an element. An element is one of the basic substances that combine to form all other substances. Elements are pure substances. They have the same chemical composition all the way through, and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods. Atoms and Elements Scientists have discovered about 118 elements. About 90 of these elements are found in nature, such as Carbon, Oxygen, Gold, Silver, or Iron. The remaining elements are synthetic (made by humans in the lab), such as Technetium, Lawrencium, Curium, and Plutonium. 2

3 Atoms and their Parts An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of that element. Each element is made up of atoms that are different from those of every other element, but all atoms have a nucleus, where you find protons and neutrons, and have electrons. The nucleus, or center, of the atom is made up of two kinds of particles: protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge Both protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 amu (atomic mass unit). 3

4 An electron carries a negative charge and has almost no mass. Electrons can be found orbiting the nucleus of an atom in an area called the electron cloud. Electrons In the electron cloud, electrons move in areas called energy levels. Electrons with similar amounts of energy are found in the same energy level. Electrons have less energy near the nucleus and more energy away from the nucleus. Electrons can absorb or release energy as light, heat, or other types of energy. Energy Level Maximum Number of Electrons

5 Elements and Subatomic Particles The properties (characteristics) of an element depend on the structure of its atoms. The main difference between different elements is its atomic number the number of protons in its nucleus. No two elements have the same atomic number. For an atom to have an overall neutral electric charge, the number of (negative) electrons has to equal the number of (positive) protons. If the numbers aren't equal, the atom does have a charge, and is called an ion. Elements and Subatomic Particles Even though atoms are small, they do have mass. The atomic mass of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons. (Electrons have so little mass, they don't count in the atomic mass.) Element Protons Neutrons Electrons Atomic Mass Carbon (C) amu Oxygen (O) amu Sodium (Na) amu Potassium (K) amu Iron (Fe) amu 5

6 Label the diagram of the atom { Protons Nucleus Neutrons Electrons 6

7 The Atoms Family Story In the center of Matterville, there is a place called the Nucleus Arcade, where two members of the Atoms Family like to hang out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is quite large with a huge smile and eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero expression (o). Her family is very apathetic and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda, and their sisters spend all their time at the arcade. Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will find a series of roadways that are used by another member of the Atoms Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott races madly around the Arcade on his bright red chromeplated Harley Davidson. He rides so fast that no one can be sure where he is at any time. Elliott is much smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is always angry because these bigger relatives will not let him in the Arcade. He has a frown on his face, eyes that are squinted with anger, and a very negative ( ) attitude. 7

8 The first energy street can only hold only two Electron brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street, called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the brothers. The morale of Matterville is stable as long as each negative Electron brother is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of residents in Matterville depends on the Proton and Neutron families. Challenge: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron was kidnapped? 8

9 Challenge 2: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron moved to Matterville? 9

10 Attachments The_Electron.asf