Ionic Bond Proton. Cation Electron. Valence Electrons Atomic mass. Octet Rule Isotope
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1 Atoms and Ions Test Study Guide Physical Science Ms. Rowlen 2017 Know these definitions. Atom Ionic Bond Proton Ion Neutron Cation Electron Anion Atomic number Valence Electrons Atomic mass Octet Rule Isotope Covalent Bond Atom- the smallest unit of an element Proton- the positively charged particle in an atom Neutron- the neutrally charged particle in an atom Electron- the negatively charged particle in an atom Atomic Number- the number of protons in an atom Atomic Mass- the number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom Isotope- an atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons (and therefore a different mass) Ionic Bond- a chemical bond in which the difference in the electronegativity of the atoms is 1.6 or greater. Ion- an atom with a positive or negative charge. An atom that has lost or gained electrons Cation- a positively charged ion Anion- a negatively charged ion Valence Electrons- the electrons located in the outermost electron shell of an atom. The electrons that are available for bonding.
2 Octet Rule- atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have a complete valence shell containing 8 electrons. Covalent bond- a chemical bond in which the atoms share electrons and the difference in electronegativity is less than What is the smallest unit of an element? An atom 2. What are the 3 parts of the atom and their charges? Protons [+] Neutrons [0] Electrons [-] 3. Which 2 parts are located in the nucleus? Protons and neutrons 4. Which part of an atom controls what element it is? Protons. If the number changes the atom will become a different element. 5. Draw an atom and label all the parts with charges. 6. The majority of an atom is made up of what? Empty space 7. Who was the first person to come up with the idea of atoms? Democritus
3 8. What are protons and neutrons made up of? Quarks 9. What does the atomic number tell you about an atom? How many protons it has 10. What does the atomic mass tell you about an atom? The number of protons and neutrons it has 11. How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom? Atomic mass atomic number (or protons) 12. How do you find the number of electrons in a neutral atom? Neutral atoms will have the same number of electrons as protons. 13. The atomic number for calcium is 20 and it has a mass of 40. How many protons do the atoms have? How many neutrons? What is the atomic symbol for calcium? Protons= 20 Neutrons= 40-20=20 Symbol = Ca 14. Zinc atoms have 30 protons and 36 neutrons. What is the atomic number? What is the atomic mass? What is the atomic symbol for zinc? Atomic number = 30 Atomic mass= 30+36=66 Symbol= Zn 15. How many electrons would be in a neutral atom of magnesium with an atomic number of 12? What is the atomic symbol for magnesium? 12 Mg 16. Potassium atoms have an atomic number of 19 and a mass of 39. How many protons do the atoms have? How many neutrons? Protons= 19 Neutrons= 39-19=20
4 17. Mercury atoms have 80 protons and 120 neutrons. What is the atomic number? What is the atomic mass? Atomic number=80 Atomic mass= = What will happen if the number of protons changes in an atom? The atom will no longer be the same element. 19. Isotopes have different numbers of which particle? Neutrons 20. Know how to draw isotopic symbols. Ex. Carbon-14 OR 14 6C, Mercury-201 OR Hg 21. What is the symbol for a sodium ion with a +1 charge? Na An oxygen atom has 8 protons and 10 electrons. What is its charge? What is the symbol for an aluminum ion with a +3 charge? Al A nitrogen atom has 7 protons and 10 electrons. What is its charge? How would you find the number of protons in an atom by looking at the periodic table? Look at the atomic number 26. How would you find the number of neutrons in an atom by looking at the periodic table? Atomic mass atomic number 27. Can you find the number of electrons in an atom by looking the periodic table if the atom is neutral? What about an atom that is not neutral? If neutral, yes, it is the same as the number of protons(atomic number). If it is not neutral, but you know the charge, yes, you can use the atomic number to determine the number of electrons. If you do not know the charge, then no.
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