GC Column Selection Guide Achieve Optimal Method Performance

Transcription

1 GC Coumn Seection Guide Achieve Optima Method Performance Performance Reiabiity Service

2 GC Coumn Seection Guide The History of Supeco and the Capiary Coumn Supeco began in 1966 in a tiny garage in a sma centra Pennsyvania (USA) town manufacturing packed gas chromatography (GC) coumns. Wat Supina and Nick Peick knew exacty what they wanted to do, make quaity products that serve customers needs, back every product with exceent technica service, and maintain steady growth by creating new products through a strong research and deveopment program. By 1977, gass capiary GC coumns were being manufactured and in 1982, production began on fused siica capiary GC coumns. Supeco has had a ong history of providing speciaty products for specific appications. In 1983, the first specia purpose fused siica capiary GC coumn was introduced. Since then, an impressive ist of specia purpose fused siica capiary GC coumns has foowed. Supeco is sti dedicated to the deveopment of eading-edge technoogy to meet the needs of our customers. We strive to demonstrate the beief that our customers needs come first. Our goa is to offer ony the finest products, backed by the most reiabe technica service offered anywhere in the word. That was our phiosophy in the beginning, and with over forty years in business, it remains our phiosophy today. Providing tota customer fufiment through the quaity of our product and service is refected in our ISO 9001 registration. We test every capiary coumn we manufacture according to strict quaity assurance processes, and guarantee satisfactory performance. This brochure was assembed to provide the gas chromatographer a vauabe resource. Novice and expert users aike shoud both find this reference guide usefu. Supeco Technica Service chemists are a vauabe resource for providing guidance with the seection and use of capiary coumns. Supeco Technica Service can be reached at (US and Canada ony), , or at techservice@sia.com Tabe of Contents Page How to Choose a Capiary Coumn 3 Additiona Reading / Product Literature 6 Coumn Phase Seection by Industry 7 Coumn Phase Seection by Appication 14 Cross-Reference Chart 15 Capiary Coumns by Phase Traditiona Phases 16 Chira Phases 20 PLOT Coumns 20 SCOT Coumns 21 Cataog Numbers 22 Year Specia Purpose Fused Siica Introduced Capiary GC Coumn 1983 SP SPB -608, SUPELCOWAX SP VOCOL 1987 Sup-Herb, SP Petroco DH, Nuko 1989 Petroco DH 150, Petroco Omegawax 320, Petroco DH Omegawax 250, SPB-1 SULFUR, Petroco EX2887, Carbowax Amine 1993 a-dex 120, b-dex 110, g-dex 120, SAC -5, TCEP 1994 b-dex 120, OVI-G43, Carboxen PLOT, Mo Sieve 5A PLOT, Supe-Q PLOT, SCOT Coumns 1995 SPB-624, SPB-PUFA, Petroco DH Octy, SPB-Octy, PTA a-dex 225, b-dex 225, g-dex 225, a-dex 325, b-dex 325, g-dex 325, Omegawax 530, SPB SPB-HAP, Carboxen-1010 PLOT 2003 Equity -1701, Aumina choride PLOT, Aumina sufate PLOT 2005 SLB -5ms 2007 CHIRALDEX coumn ine, Omegawax SLB-IL100, MET-Biodiese 2009 SLB-IL59, SLB-IL SLB-IL82, SLB-IL111 Trademarks Agient Agient Technoogies; Carboxen, CHIRALDEX, DEX, Equity, Fuoroco, Nuko, Omegawax, Petroco, SAC, SLB, SP, SPB, Supeco, SUPELCOWAX, Supe-Q, Sup-Herb, Thermogreen, VOCOL Sigma-Adrich Biotechnoogy LP; Bentone Eementis Speciaies, Inc.; Carbowax Union Carbide Chemicas & Pastics Technoogy Corp.; Krytox E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.; FocusLiner SGE Internationa Pty Ltd. 2 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

3 How to Choose a Capiary Coumn An optimized chromatographic separation begins with the coumn. The seection of the proper capiary coumn for any appication shoud be based on four significant factors: stationary phase, coumn I.D., fim thickness, and coumn ength. The practica effects of these factors on the performance of the coumn are discussed briefy on the next few pages, in order of importance. Note that this information is genera. Specific situations may warrant exceptions to these guideines. Factor 1 Stationary Phase Choosing a stationary phase is the most important step in seecting a coumn. A stationary phase is the fim coated on the inner wa of a capiary coumn, and shoud be seected based on the appication to be performed. The differences in the chemica and physica properties of injected organic compounds and their interactions with the stationary phase are the basis of the separation process. When the strength of the anayte-phase interactions differs significanty for two compounds, one is retained onger than the other. How ong they are retained in the coumn (retention time) is a measure of these anayte-phase interactions. Changing the chemica features of the stationary phase aters its physica properties. Two compounds that co-eute (do not separate) on a particuar stationary phase might separate on another phase of a different chemistry, if the difference in the anayte-phase interactions is significant. This is the reason for providing a wide variety of capiary coumn phases. Each phase provides a specific combination of interactions for each chemica cass of anaytes. Estabished Appications Gas chromatography, first estabished in the 1950 s, is a mature anaytica technique with many estabished appications. Therefore, it is probabe that iterature, such as written methodoogy or journas, exists stating which stationary phases have successfuy been used for a given appication. Additionay, coumn manufacturers routiney pubish phase seection charts, such as those on pages Charts ike these are convenienty arranged by industry to simpify the process of seecting the proper phase. First, find the chart that matches your industry or area of interest. Then, ocate the appication within that chart to identify a recommended coumn phase. New Appications For new appications, there is often no existing reference to provide guidance. In these method deveopment instances, one must have some knowedge of the chemistry of the compounds to be anayzed. Phase seection is based on the genera chemica principe that ikes dissoves ike. A non-poar coumn is the recommended starting point for the anayses of non-poar compounds. Likewise, poar coumns are usuay recommended for the separation of poar compounds. The Phase Poarity insert (see Page 4) describes severa recommended phases for each group of compound poarities. GC Coumn Seection Guide Phase Poarity This is the singe most important characteristic in seecting a capiary coumn because it dictates seectivity, or the abiity of the coumn to separate sampe components. Phase seection is based on the genera chemica principe that ikes dissoves ike. A non-poar coumn is best for the anayses of non-poar compounds. Poar coumns most effectivey separate poar compounds. Non-poar compounds are generay composed ony of carbon and hydrogen atoms and contain carbon-carbon singe bonds. Norma hydrocarbons (n-akanes) are the most common nonpoar compounds anayzed by capiary gas chromatography. Non-poar capiary coumns separate these compounds very we. Interaction between non-poar compounds and a nonpoar phase are dispersive, meaning that they are governed by Van der Waas forces. These are intermoecuar attractions that increase with the size of the compound. Thus, arger compounds with higher boiing points have onger retention. Eution order generay foows the boiing points of the compounds. Poar compounds are composed primariy of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but aso contain one or more atoms of bromine, chorine, fuorine, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sufur. Acohos, amines, carboxyic acids, dios, esters, ethers, ketones, and thios are typica poar compounds anayzed by capiary GC. Intermediate poar or poar capiary coumns separate these compounds we. In addition to dispersive interactions, interactions between poar compounds and the phase incude dipoe, p-p, and/or acid-base interactions. Separations are determined by differences in the overa effects of these interactions. Poarizabe compounds are compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen, but contain one or more doube or tripe carbon-carbon bonds. These compounds incude akenes, akynes, and aromatic (benzene-ring containing) hydrocarbons. Highy poar capiary coumns are generay used to separate these compounds. Phase Poarity Based on Compound Poarity Compound Compound Recommended Poarity Exampes Phases Non-Poar C and H atoms ony akanes Petroco, SPB-Octy, C-C bonds Equity-1, SPB-1, SLB-5ms, Equity-5, SPB-5 Poar Primariy C and acohos, amines, SPB-624, OVI-G43, H atoms; carboxyic acids, VOCOL, SPB-20, Aso contain dios, esters, ethers, Equity-1701, SPB-35 Br, C, F, N, O, P, S ketones, thios SPB-50, SPB-225, PAG,Omegawax, SPB-1000, Nuko, SUPELCOWAX 10 Poarizabe C and H atoms ony akenes, akynes, SP-2330, SP-2331, C=C or C=C bonds aromatic SP-2380, SP-2560, hydrocarbons SP-2340, TCEP technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

4 Bonded/Non-Bonded Phases GC Coumn Seection Guide Bonded phases are immobiized/chemicay bonded (crossinked) within the tubing, whie non-bonded phases are simpy coated on the wa. Generay a bonded phase is preferred, because it has ess beed during use, can be used to higher temperatures, and, when necessary, can be rinsed with sovents to remove accumuated non-voatie materias. When a bonded phase is not avaiabe, such as for the highy poar phases, ook for a stabiized phase. These phases are not as permanent as bonded phases (cannot be rinsed), but have greater therma stabiity than non-bonded phases. For some appications, the ony choice is a non-bonded phase. In these instances, extra care must be taken so the maximum temperature imit is not exceeded. Factor 2 Coumn I.D. The current range of commerciay avaiabe capiary coumn interna diameters enabes the baancing of two factors: efficiency (number of theoretica pates) and sampe capacity (amount of any one sampe component that can be appied to the coumn without causing the desired sharp peak to overoad). Optimizing one of these factors requires a sacrifice from the other. The idea I.D. for a given appication is dependent on the anaytica needs. High efficiency is observed chromatographicay as narrow and we-resoved peaks. The efficiency of a capiary coumn, measured in pates (N) or pates per meter (N/m), increases as the I.D. of the coumn decreases. This is one of the basic principes behind Fast GC (see Fast GC Brochure insert for further detais). If the sampe to be anayzed contains many anaytes, or has anaytes that eute cosey together, the most narrow I.D. capiary coumn that is practica shoud be seected. Note that very narrow bore coumns, such as 0.10 or 0.18 mm I.D., may require speciaized equipment, such as a GC with a pressure reguator that aows a higher coumn head pressure. Sampe capacity increases with coumn I.D., and the greatest capacity is provided from wide bore coumns (0.53 mm I.D.). Wide bore coumns can accommodate a arger mass of each anayte in a sampe than narrow bore capiary coumns. Exceeding the sampe capacity of a coumn wi resut in skewed peaks and decreased resoution. Therefore, if the sampes to be anayzed contain compounds at high concentrations, or represent a wide range of concentrations, then a wide bore coumn shoud be considered. If the proper I.D. is chosen, the coumn shoud aow the system to provide sufficient sensitivity for the minor components without being overoaded with the major components. The anayst must decide if the oss in efficiency resuting from using a wide bore coumn is probematic for their appication. Note that the nature of the sampe components and the poarity of the phase wi affect sampe capacity. Non-poar phases have higher capacities for non-poar anaytes, and poar phases have higher capacities for poar anaytes. The effects of coumn I.D. on efficiency and sampe capacity are represented in Tabe 1. As shown, 0.25 mm I.D. coumns provide adequate pates/meter for most appications whie aowing acceptabe sampe capacity. Because of this compromise between efficiency and sampe capacity, 0.25 mm is the most popuar I.D. for capiary GC coumns. Coumns with a smaer or arger I.D. aow the user to optimize either efficiency or sampe capacity, based on the requirements of their appication. Tabe 1. Effects of Coumn I.D. Interna Efficiency: Efficiency: Capacity Diameter Pates/Meter Tota Pates Each Anayte (mm) (N/m) (N) (ng) ,300 39, ,300 69, ,925 87, , ,500 < , ,500 < , ,000 <10 Theoretica vaues for 30 m ong coumns, a k = 6.00 and 85% coating efficiency Factor 3 Fim Thickness As isted in Tabe 2, the benefits of decreasing fim thickness are sharper peaks, (which may increase resoution) and reduced coumn beed; both resuting in increased signa-to-noise. Additionay, the coumn s maximum operating temperature wi be increased. The drawbacks are increased anayte interaction with the tubing wa, and decreased anayte capacity. Decreasing fim thickness aso aows anaytes to eute with shorter retention times and at ower temperatures, which may be desirabe or undesirabe, depending on the appication. Thinner fim coumns, i.e to 0.25 µm, shoud be used for anaytes with high (>300 C) boiing points (such as pesticides, PCBs, FAMEs, phthaate esters, and other semivoatie compounds), or for trace anayses. The benefits of increasing the fim thickness are reduced anayte-tubing interaction and increased sampe capacity. The drawbacks of increasing the fim thickness are increased peak widths (which may reduce resoution), increased coumn Fast GC Brochure The brochure Fast GC: A Practica Guide for Increasing Sampe Throughput without Sacrificing Quaity (T JTW) contains vauabe information concerning Fast GC principes that is not covered in this space. Incuded are practica considerations, theoretica discussions, a isting of coumns in Fast GC dimensions, twenty-six chromatograms, a isting of reated products designed to maximize performance, pus a ist of iterature for additiona reading. A copy of this brochure can be obtained at nocharge by contacting Supeco Technica Service at (US and Canada ony), , or at techservice@sia.com 4 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

5 beed, and a reduced maximum operating temperature for the coumn. Increasing fim thickness aso eads to increased anayte retention (may aso increase resoution, specificay for compounds with ow k ) and increased eution temperature. Depending on the appication, these ast effects may be either desirabe or undesirabe. Thick fim coumns, i.e. 1 to 5 µm, are best suited for anaytes with ow boiing points (such as voatie organic compounds and gases). These types of anaytes are retained onger on the thicker fim, which may eiminate the need for subambient oven conditions. A thicker fim wi aso increase capacity, thus making the coumn more compatibe for higher concentration sampes than a thinner fim coumn. Factor 4 Coumn Length The ast of the four significant factors to consider when seecting a coumn is ength. A onger coumn wi provide greater resoution than a shorter coumn. However, there are practica imits to increasing coumn ength. With an isotherma anaysis, a 60 m coumn does in fact increase resoution by amost 40%, reative to a 30 m coumn, but wi increase the anaysis time and aso the head pressure required to move anaytes through the coumn. Phase Ratio (b) Effects of phase fim thickness are interdependent with coumn I.D. The phase ratio, beta (b), expresses the ratio of the gas voume and the stationary phase voume in a coumn: coumn radius (µm) b = 2 x fim thickness (µm) In contrast to reative terms ( thick fim and thin fim ), b vaues estabish a distinct ranking for coumns. As a genera rue, seect coumns by b vaues as foows: b Vaue Uses <100 Highy voatie, ow moecuar weight compounds Genera purpose anayses Wide range of compounds >400 High moecuar weight compounds Trace anayses b vaues are aso usefu when changing coumn I.D. and fim thickness combinations for a particuar anaysis, because coumns with the same phase ratio wi provide very simiar retention times and eution order under the same anaytica conditions. Coumns With Simiar b Vaues SLB-5ms, 30 m x 0.53 mm I.D., 0.50 µm (b = 265) SLB-5ms, 30 m x 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 µm (b = 250) G G Tabe 2. Effects of Fim Thickness 0.10 to 0.25 µm fim 1 to 5 µm fim Benefits Sharper peak shape Reduced interaction w/ tubing May increase resoution Increased anayte capacity Decreased coumn beed Increased signa-to-noise Increased max. temp. Drawbacks Increased interaction Increased peak width w/tubing Decreased anayte May decrease resoution capacity Increased coumn beed Decreased max. temp. Other Decreased retention Increased retention Decreased eution temp. May increase resoution Increased eution temperature Uses High boiing point Low boiing point anaytes anaytes Semivoaties Voaties, gases Trace anayses High anayte concentrations Seecting a coumn ength is a compromise between speed and head pressure on one side, and resoution on the other. Tabe 3 summarizes the effects of coumn ength on various performance and operating parameters of 0.25 mm I.D. coumns. It shoud be stressed that doubing coumn ength wi NOT doube resoution (resoution ony increases according to the square root of the coumn ength). If resoution between a critica pair is ess than 1, doubing coumn ength wi not bring it to baseine (resoution vaue of at east 1.5). Increasing coumn ength to increase resoution shoud be considered as a ast resort. A more effective approach to increasing resoution is to reduce coumn I.D. Shorter coumns, such as those <15 m, are generay used when great resoution is not required, such as for screening purposes or for simpe sampes whose components are dissimiar in chemica nature. However, if coumn I.D. is decreased aong with ength, resoution can be maintained, or in some cases, actuay increased. Generay a 30 m coumn provides the best baance of resoution, anaysis time, and required coumn head pressure. In some cases, a 30 m coumn with a thicker fim may be as usefu as a 60 m coumn for achieving a separation. Use a 60 m coumn when higher resoution is required. Sampes that are highy compex or contain voatie anaytes are commony anayzed on 60 m coumns. Very ong, >100 m, coumns are aso avaiabe for use when there is a need for extremey high resoution, such as in the detaied anaysis of very compex sampes (such as gasoine). Due to the extreme ength of these coumns, high head pressures are required to maintain coumn fow. Very ong, 100 m or onger, coumns are aso avaiabe for use when there is a need for extreme resoving abiity for highy compex sampes (such as gasoine). Longer coumns aso reduce the optimum inear veocity for an anaysis. GC Coumn Seection Guide technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

6 GC Coumn Seection Guide Tabe 3. Effects of Coumn Length Coumn Inet Peak 1 Peak 1/2 Efficiency: Length Pressure Retention Resoution Tota Pates (m) (psi) (min) (R) (N) , , ,500 Theoretica vaues for 0.25 mm I.D. coumns with 85% coating efficiency, 145 C isotherma anayses, heium at 21 cm/sec, k (peak 1) = 6.00 Fused Siica Tubing Inner/Outer Diameters Tubing I.D. Tubing I.D. Range Tubing O.D. Range 0.10 mm s mm mm 0.10 mm t mm mm 0.18 mm s mm mm 0.18 mm t mm mm 0.20 mm u mm mm 0.25 mm u mm mm 0.32 mm u mm mm 0.53 mm u mm mm 0.75 mm u mm mm s Anaytica coumns with non-poar or intermediate poarity stationary phases. t Anaytica coumns with poar stationary phases. Guard coumns regardess of deactivation. u Anaytica coumns regardess of poarity. Guard coumns regardess of deactivation. Additiona Reading The foowing is a ist of GC iterature written by gas chromatography experts and researchers. Consut these references to earn more about the many facets of gas chromatography. 1. Harod McNair and James Mier, Basic Gas Chromatography (1997), Wiey, ISBN David Grant, Capiary Gas Chromatography (1996), Wiey, ISBN Dean Rood, A Practica Guide to the Care, Maintenance, and Troubeshooting of Capiary Gas Chromatographic Systems (1991), Hüthig, ISBN Konrad Grob, Spit and Spitess Injection in Capiary GC (1993), Hüthig, ISBN Konrad Grob, On-Coumn Injection in Capiary Gas Chromatography (1991), Hüthig, ISBN Wiiam McFadden, Techniques of Combined Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry: Appications in Organic Anaysis (1988), Robert E. Krieger Pubishing Company, ISBN Marvin McMaster and Christopher McMaster, GC/MS: A Practica User s Guide (1998), Wiey-VCH, ISBN Janusz Pawiszyn, Soid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice (1997), Wiey-VCH, ISBN Product Literature The foowing ist of Supeco-pubished iterature provides additiona GC coumn information. To obtain any of these iterature pieces at no-charge, either visit our web site at sigma-adrich.com/ gc, or contact Supeco Technica Service at (US and Canada ony), , or at techservice@sia.com Tite Identification GC Coumn Literature Fast GC Brochure T (JTW) Dioxin & PCB Anaysis (JXB) Petroeum/Chemica Appication Guide T (AYD) Free and Tota Gycerin in B100 Biodiese T (JLH) Aumina PLOT Capiary GC Coumns T (GFE) Carboxen PLOT Capiary GC Coumns T (GFF) Mo Sieve 5A PLOT Capiary GC Coumns T (GFG) Supe-Q PLOT Capiary GC Coumns T (GFH) Fatty Acid/FAME Appication Guide T (KUK) Anayzing Fatty Acids by Capiary GC T (AYC) 37-Component FAME Mix on Four Capiary Coumns T (AZC) Capiary Coumn Choices for Residua Sovents T (FLX) CHIRALDEX Chira Capiary GC Coumns T (JCH) Chira Cycodextrin Capiary GC Coumns T (AXA) Supeco Coumns for USP Methods (Poster) T (FWK) SLB-5ms Capiary GC Coumns T (IKA) Equity Capiary GC Coumns T (FAQ) Genera Purpose Non-Poar Capiary GC Coumns T (IKC) Genera Purpose Poar Capiary GC Coumns T (IKB) Genera Purpose Intermediate Poarity Capiary GC Coumns T (IKD) Capiary GC Troubeshooting Guide T (AIP) Instaation/Maintenance of 0.25 & 0.32 mm I.D. Coumns T (DLV) Instaation/Maintenance of 0.53 mm I.D. Coumns T Packed GC Coumn Appication Guide T (AYT) Sufur Gases by Packed GC T (AXP) Permanent Gases and Light Hydrocarbons by Packed GC T (BYL) Packed GC Troubeshooting Guide T (AIS) Reated Products Literature GC Accessories and Gas Purification/Management T (JWE) Capiary Injector Products for Agient Technoogies GCs T (DWM) Moded Thermogreen LB-2 Septa T (JQV) Capiary GC Inet Liner Seection Guide T (BBB) FocusLiner Iner Liners T (KOX) Seecting The Appropriate Inet Liner (Poster) T (HCH) The Supeco Guide to Leak-Free Connections T (AXR) Hydrogen: A Superior Carrier Gas Aternative to Heium T (KPP) Seecting Purifiers for Gas Chromatography T (BIT) Gas Management Systems for GC T (AYW) Gas Generators T (JXP) Purge-and-Trap Troubeshooting Guide T (BIN) Air Monitoring T (KQV) A Too for Seecting an Adsorbent for Therma Desorption T (EQF) Carbon Adsorbent Kits T (IPS) Syringes for Chromatographic & Anaytica Appications T (JCS) Vias (IXH) Via Seection Guide (Poster) T (IBV) Supeco Soid Phase Extraction Products T (FEB) Discovery Ag-Ion SPE for cis/trans FAME Fractionation T (IRV) Soid Phase Microextraction Appication Guide (CD-ROM) T (CJQ) SPME: Theory and Optimization of Conditions T (BQT) Soid Phase Microextraction Troubeshooting Guide T (EDV) A Practica Guide to Quantitation with SPME T (EDW) Derivatization Reagents T (KDI) 6 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

7 Coumn Seection by Industry Supeco has deveoped the most extensive ine of specia purpose coumns designed for industry specific appications. These coumns are manufactured to deiver high resoution, great anayte response, ow beed, and ong coumn ife; aowing anaysts to achieve the anaytica performance they require. The easy-to-read phase seection charts on the next severa pages are convenienty arranged by industry to simpify the process of seecting the proper phase. First, find the chart that matches your industry. Then, ocate the appication within that industry to identify a recommended phase. The stationary phase aso dictates the minimum and maximum temperatures at which a coumn can be used. Therefore, it is critica to ensure the seected stationary phase can withstand the temperature requirements of the GC method. Temperature imitations can be ocated in the capiary coumn phase section on pages 16 to 21. Environmenta Industry The environmenta coumns offered here can be used with many specific methods for the anayses of voaties, semivoaties, pesticides, PCBs, herbicides, and dioxins. SPB-Octy SPB-HAP Equity-1 SLB-5ms SPB-624 VOCOL Equity-1701 SPB-608 Sup-Herb SPB-50 SPB-225 SP-2331 GC Coumn Seection Guide GC-MS Voaties GC Voaties GC-MS Semivoaties GC Semivoaties GC-MS Dioxins GC-MS PCB Congeners GC-MS PBDE Congeners Toxic Organics - TO-1/TO-2 Toxic Organics - TO-4/TO-10 Toxic Organics - TO-9 Toxic Organics - TO-13 Toxic Organics - TO-14/TO-15/TO-17 Hazardous Air Poutants 18, , ,17 14,15 4, , ,73 74,75 76, , Min G technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

8 Petroeum Industry This famiy of coumns can be used for anayses such as purity, boiing point composition, aromatics, ight hydrocarbons, fuorocarbons, and sufur-containing compounds in petroeum products. GC Coumn Seection Guide Detaied Hydrocabon Anayses [DHA] Simuated Distiation [Sim Dis] Petroco DH Octy Petroco DH 50.2 Petroco DH Petroco DH 150 Petroco 2887 Petroco EX2887 SPB-1 SULFUR Equity-1 MET-Biodiese HT-5 Omegawax SP-2380 TCEP Aumina sufate PLOT Aumina choride PLOT Carboxen-1010 PLOT Carboxen-1006 PLOT Mo Sieve 5A PLOT Supe-Q PLOT Bentone 34/DNDP SCOT BMEA SCOT Squaane SCOT TCEP SCOT Aromatics H 2 /O 2 /N 2 /CO/CH 4 /CO 2 Fuoroco and Krytox Packed Coumns GPA Packed Coumns Micropacked Coumns H 2 /N 2 /CO/CH 4 /CO 2 H 2 /O 2 /N 2 /CO/CH 4 O 2 /Argon C1-C3 Hydrocarbons C1-C5 Akanes, Akenes, and Akynes C1-C12 Hydrocarbons Fuorocarbons Sufur Compounds Process Anayzers Natura Gas Liquids / Natura Gas Biodiese-Gycerin Impurity Biodiese-Methano Impurity Biodiese-FAME Profie E85-Ethano Content 8 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

9 Chemica Industry These specia purpose coumns can be seected for anayses such as sovents, aromatics, ight hydrocarbons, freons, sufur-containing compounds, gycos, or basic compounds. Sovents on a Nonpoar Coumn Sovents on a Poar Coumn SPB-1 SULFUR SLB-5ms PTA-5 SPB-1000 Nuko Carbowax Amine SUPELCOWAX 10 TCEP Aumina sufate PLOT Aumina choride PLOT Carboxen-1010 PLOT Carboxen-1006 PLOT Mo Sieve 5A PLOT Supe-Q PLOT Bentone 34/DNDP SCOT BMEA SCOT Squaane SCOT TCEP SCOT Fuoroco and Krytox Packed Coumns Micropacked Coumns GC Coumn Seection Guide Aromatics H 2 /O 2 /N 2 /CO/CH 4 /CO 2 H 2 /N 2 /CO/CH 4 /CO 2 H 2 /O 2 /N 2 /CO/CH 4 O 2 /Argon C1-C3 Hydrocarbons C1-C5 Akanes, Akenes, and Akynes C1-C12 Hydrocarbons Fuorocarbons Sufur Compounds Acidic Compounds / Gycos Basic Compounds Process Anayzers technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

10 GC Coumn Seection Guide Food & Beverage Industry Supeco is the recognized eader in speciaty coumns for the Food & Beverage industry. These coumns are written into many methods, and are considered the benchmark coumns in the industry. Anaytes such as free fatty acids, fatty acid methy esters, acohos, trigycerides, gycos, and steros can be separated on these specia purpose coumns. SPB-1 SULFUR SLB-5ms MET-Biodiese SAC-5 Favor & Fragrance Industry Voaties, essentia ois, and sma chira moecues of interest to this industry can be anayzed using the foowing coumns. SLB-5ms SUPELCOWAX 10 CHIRALDEX TA CHIRALDEX DP CHIRALDEX DM CHIRALDEX PM CHIRALDEX DA CHIRALDEX PH Supeco DEX 110, 120 Supeco DEX 225 Supeco DEX 325 SPB-624 SPB-20 Acohoic Beverage Anayses Sufur Compounds in Acohoic Beverages Sovents Free Fatty Acids Poyunsaturated FAMEs by Chain Length Equity-1701 SPB-608 Sup-Herb SPB-50 SPB-PUFA Nuko SPB-1000 Omegawax SUPELCOWAX 10 SP-2380 SP-2560 Supe-Q PLOT Omega 3 and Omega 6 FAMEs cis/trans FAME Isomers Trigycerides Gycos Preservatives [Phenoic Antioxidants] Steros Sugars as Adito Acetates Pesticide Residues Favor & Fragrance Voaties Essentia Ois Oxygen containing anaytes in the form of acohos, ketones, acids, adehydes, and actones; haogenated compounds; actones and aromatics amines; epoxides; styrene oxide; furans Amines, acid esters, actones, and some acohos and dios Amines, amino acohos, aromatic acohos and acids, epoxides, haogenated aiphatic acids, hydrocarbons, and cycic ketones Acids, acohos, barbitos, dios, esters, actones, and terpenes Heterocycic amines and certain amino acid derivatives Sma moecues, such as acohos, adehydes, ketones, esters, and favor compounds 10 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

11 Persona Care and Ceaning Products Industry Commercia products, such as shampoos, cosmetics, and rug ceaners, must continuousy be monitored to ensure that they do not contain items hazardous to the user. These coumns can be used for this purpose. Equity-1 SLB-5ms PTA-5 SPB-20 SPB-50 SPB-1000 Nuko Carbowax Amine SUPELCOWAX 10 Akais Cooring Compounds Fragrance Compounds Gycos Preservatives [Phenoic Antioxidants] Sovents in Ceaning Products Surfactants [Anionic] Surfactants [Nonionic] GC Coumn Seection Guide Pharmaceutica Industry Use these coumns for anayses of residua sovents, basic drugs, sma chira moecues of interest to this industry, and for methods foowing specific monographs. PTA-5 Equity-5 OVI-G43 Carbowax Amine SUPELCOWAX 10 Various Cap. Coumns CHIRALDEX TA CHIRALDEX DP CHIRALDEX DM CHIRALDEX PM CHIRALDEX DA CHIRALDEX PH Supeco DEX 110, 120 Supeco DEX 225 Supeco DEX 325 Various Pkd. Coumns Residua Sovents [USP <467>] Oxygen containing anaytes in the form of acohos, ketones, acids, adehydes, and actones; haogenated compounds; actones and aromatic amines; epoxides; styrene oxide; furans Amines, acid esters, actones, and some acohos and dios Amines, amino acohos, aromatic acohos and acids, epoxides, haogenated aiphatic acids, hydrocarbons, and cycic ketones Acids, acohos, barbitos, dios, esters, actones, and terpenes Heterocycic amines and certain amino acid derivatives Sma moecues, such as acohos, adehydes, ketones, esters, and favor compounds Basic Compounds Individua USP/NF Monographs technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

12 GC Coumn Seection Guide Cinica Industry Use these coumns for the anayses of antihistamines, basic drugs, cod/sinus medications, steroids, and tricycic antidepressants from bioogica sampes. Equity-1 SLB-5ms PTA-5 Antiepieptics Antihistamines Basic Drug Screen Benzodiazepines (acetic anhydride) Benzodiazepines (TBDMS) Cod and Sinus Medications Phenothiazines Steroids Sympathomimetic Amines Sympathomimetic Amines (HFBA) Sympathomimetic Amines (TFAA) Tricycic Antidepressants SAC-5 SPB-20 Equity-1701 SPB-35 Carbowax Amine SP-2510 Packed Coumn NOTE: Parentheses indicate anaytes anayzed as the specified derivative. Forensics Industry Use these coumns for the anayses of acceerants from arson sampes, or for bood acohos, drugs of abuse, and gycos from bioogica sampes. Equity-1 SLB-5ms PTA-5 SAC-5 Equity-5 VOCOL Equity-1701 SPB-35 SPB-1000 Nuko Carbowax Amine Acceerants Bood Acohos Drugs of Abuse - Barbiturates Drugs of Abuse - Basic Drug Screen Drugs of Abuse - Cannabinoids (TMS) Drugs of Abuse - Cocaine (TMS) Drugs of Abuse - Drug Screen (TBDMS) Drugs of Abuse - Drug Screen (TMS) Drugs of Abuse - GHB (MTBSTFA) Drugs of Abuse - Inhaants Drugs of Abuse - Ketamines (MBTFA) Drugs of Abuse - LSD (TMS) Drugs of Abuse - MDMA/Ecstasy (HFBPC) Drugs of Abuse - Opiates (TMS) Drugs of Abuse - Phencycidine [PCP] Drugs of Abuse - Steroids Drugs of Abuse - Tryptamines Gycos NOTE: Parentheses indicate anaytes anayzed as the specified derivative. 12 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

13 Industria Hygiene Industry These coumns can be used with methodoogies for determining indoor air quaity as we as outdoor organic compounds. SPB-HAP Equity-1 SLB-5ms VOCOL Equity-1701 SPB-608 SPB-225 SUPELCOWAX 10 SP-2331 Indoor Air Quaity - EPA IP-8 Indoor Air Quaity - NIOSH 1003 Indoor Air Quaity - NIOSH 1403 Indoor Air Quaity - NIOSH 1500/1501 Indoor Air Quaity - NIOSH 2530 Indoor Air Quaity - NIOSH 2542 Indoor Air Quaity - NIOSH 5503 Indoor Air Quaity - OSHA 53 Indoor Air Quaity - OSHA 56 Indoor Air Quaity - OSHA 62 Indoor Air Quaity - OSHA 80 Toxic Organics - TO-1/TO-2 Toxic Organics - TO-4/TO-10 Toxic Organics - TO-9 Toxic Organics - TO-13 Toxic Organics - TO-14/TO-15/TO-17 Hazardous Air Poutants GC Coumn Seection Guide technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

14 GC Coumn Seection Guide Coumn Seection by Appication In addition to the industry specific seection charts on the preceding pages, these two easy-to-read phase seection charts highight choices for two appications that are independent of any industry. Simpy ocate the appication to identify a recommended coumn phase. The stationary phase aso dictates the minimum and maximum temperatures at which a coumn can be used. Therefore, it is critica to ensure the seected stationary phase can withstand the temperature requirements of the GC method. Temperature imitations can be ocated in the capiary coumn phase section on pages 16 to 21. Fast GC Appications Appying the principes of Fast GC is an effective way to increase sampe throughput by decreasing the anaysis time. These coumns have a the characteristics necessary for deveoping a successfu Fast GC method. SPB-624 VOCOL SLB-5ms Equity-1701 TCEP Omegawax 100 SP-2560 Equity-1 SPB-1 Equity-5 SPB-5 SUPELCOWAX 10 Environmenta Voaties Environmenta Semivoaties Environmenta Pesticides and PCBs Petroeum Aromatics Food & Beverage Omega 3 and Omega 6 FAMEs Food & Beverage cis/trans FAME Isomers Genera Purpose Nonpoar Genera Purpose Poar Genera Purpose Appications Supeco s genera purpose coumns are tested to ensure they meet acceptabe vaues for genera chromatographic parameters such as retention, efficiency, and seectivity. These coumns are recommended for appications that do not fa under those covered by our specia purpose, industry specific coumns. SPB-Octy Equity-1 SPB-1 Equity-5 SPB-5 SPB-20 Equity-1701 SPB-35 SPB-50 SPB-225 PAG SUPELCOWAX 10 SP-2330 SP-2380 SP-2340 Nonpoar Coumn Intermediate Poarity Coumn Poar Coumn Highy Poar Coumn 14 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

15 Cross-Reference Chart Tabe 4. Supeco Capiary GC Coumns with Comparabe Coumns from Other Manufacturers Supeco Agient Grace Macherey-Nage Phenomenex Restek SGE Varian Traditiona (phases by increasing phase poarity) Petroco DH Octy SPB-Octy CP-Si 2 CB SPB-HAP Petroco DH 50.2 DB-Petro, HP-PONA BP1 PONA - Petroco DH DB-Petro AT-Petro - - Rtx-1PONA BP1 PONA CP-Si PONA CB Petroco DH Petroco 2887, DB-2887 AT Rtx CP-SimDist Petroco EX2887 SPB-1 SULFUR - AT-Sufur CP-Si 5 CB for Sufur Equity-1, SPB-1 DB-1, HP-1 AT-1 Optima-1 ZB-1 Rtx-1 BP1 CP-Si 5 CB SLB-5ms DB-5ms, HP-5ms AT-5ms Optima-5 MS ZB-5ms Rtx-5Si MS BPX5 VF-5ms Seect Biodiese for Trigycerides MET-Biodiese MXT-BiodieseTG - HT-5 (auminum cad) DB-5ht - - ZB-5ht - HT-5 VF-5ht PTA-5 - AT-Amine - - Rtx-5 Amine - CP-Si 8 CB for Amines SAC Equity-5, SPB-5 DB-5, HP-5 AT-5 Optima-5 ZB-5 Rtx-5 BP5 CP-Si 8 CB SPB-624 DB-624, DB-VRX AT-624 Optima-624 ZB-624 Rtx-624 BP624 CP-Seect 624 CB OVI-G43 HP-Fast Residua Sovent Rtx-G VOCOL DB-502.2, HP-VOC AT Rtx-502.2, Rtx-Voaties - - SPB-20 - AT Rtx Equity-1701 DB-1701 AT-1701 Optima-1701 ZB-1701 Rtx-1701 BP10 CP-Si 19 CB SPB-608 DB-608 AT-Pesticide Sup-Herb SPB-35 DB-35, HP-35 AT-35 - ZB-35 Rtx SPB-50 DB-17, HP-50 AT-50 Optima-17 ZB CP-Si 24 CB SPB-225 DB-225 AT-225 Optima Rtx-225 BP225 CP-Si 43 CB SPB-PUFA PAG SPB-1000, DB-FFAP, AT-1000, Optima-FFAP ZB-FFAP Stabiwax-DA BP21 CP-FFAP CB Nuko HP-FFAP AT-AquaWax-DA Carbowax Amine CAM AT-CAM - - Stabiwax-DB - CP-Wax 51 for Amines Omegawax - AT-FAME - - FAMEWAX - - SUPELCOWAX 10 DB-WAX AT-WAX, Optima-WAX ZB-WAX Rtx-WAX, BP20 CP-Wax 52 CB AT-AquaWax Stabiwax SLB-IL SP-2330 HP Rtx SLB-IL SP-2331 DB-Dioxin Rtx-Dioxin2 - CP-Si 88 for Dioxins SP AT-Siar SP Rt CP-Si 88 for FAME SP AT-Siar CP-Si 88 SLB-IL TCEP Rt-TCEP - CP-TCEP SLB-IL SLB-IL Chira Phases CHIRALDEX a-dex - - FS-LIPODEX b-dex CycoSi-B - FS-LIPODEX, - Rt-bDEX CYDEX-B - FS-HYDRODEX g-dex - - FS-LIPODEX - Rt-gDEX - - PLOT Coumns Aumina sufate PLOT HP-PLOT A2O3 S CP-A 2 O 3 PLOT Na 2 SO 4 Aumina choride PLOT HP-PLOT A2O3 KC CP-A 2 O 3 PLOT KC Carboxen-1010 PLOT CP-CarboPLOT P7 Carboxen-1006 PLOT GS-Carbon PLOT Carbograph VOC CP-CarboBOND Mo Sieve 5A PLOT HP-PLOT Moesieve AT-Moe Sieve - - Rt-Msieve 5A - CP-Mosieve 5A Supe-Q PLOT HP-PLOT Q AT-Q - - Rt-QPLOT - CP-PoraPLOT Q SCOT Coumns SCOT Coumns GC Coumn Seection Guide technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

16 GC Coumn Seection Guide Capiary Coumns by Phase Looking for information or specifications for a particuar phase? This section incudes the most popuar phases and provides appication, USP code, poymer, and temperature imit information. Where two maximum temperatures are isted (i.e. 200/220 C), the first is for isotherma oven anayses, whereas the second is for oven temperature programmed anayses. Where ony one maximum temperature is isted, it can be used for either isotherma or temperature programmed oven anayses. This section is organized primariy in order of increasing phase poarity to assist in phase seection when performing method deveopment. Other, ess popuar, phases are avaiabe. However, these are not isted here due to space constraints. To earn more about any phases isted, or to inquire about a phase not isted, contact Supeco Technica Service at (US and Canada ony), , or at techservice@sia.com Traditiona Phases (By increasing phase poarity) Petroco DH Octy Appication: This coumn, for detaied anayses of petroeum products, is known within the petroeum and chemica industries for its unique seectivity. Baseine separations of benzene/1-methycycopentene and touene/2,3,3-trimethy - pentane that are possibe with this coumn are not obtainabe with cassica poy(dimethysioxane) coumns. USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; poy(50% n-octy/50% methysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 220 C SPB-Octy Appication: The ow poarity of this coumn approaches squaane, making it substantiay ess poar than that of the widey used non-poar poy(dimethysioxane) coumns. This coumn offers unique seectivity compared to non-poar and intermediate poarity coumns, and can be used for confirmationa anayses of PCB-containing sampes. USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; poy(50% n-octy/50% methysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 260 C SPB-HAP Appication: This coumn was deveoped to provide the best resoution of very voatie hazardous air poutants. The thick fim heps to focus anaytes on the coumn, possiby eiminating the need to empoy cryogenic focusing techniques. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G1, G2, and G9 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 300 C Petroco DH 50.2, DH, DH 150 Appication: These highy reproducibe coumns have considerabe theoretica pate numbers and are designed for detaied anayses of petroeum products for PIANO, PONA, and PNA-type anaytes. The 100 m version incudes an extensive retention index data sheet of 400+ anaytes. USP Code: These coumns meet USP G1, G2, and G9 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 320 C Petroco 2887, EX2887 Appication: These coumns are designed for ASTM Method D2887 (simuated distiation [SIM DIS] of petroeum fractions). Choose Petroco 2887 for sampes having boiing points up to 1000 F. Use Petroco EX2887 for sampes having boiing points greater than 1000 F. USP Code: These coumns meet G1, G2, and G9 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: Petroco 2887: Subambient to 350 C Petroco EX2887: Subambient to 380 C SPB-1 SULFUR Appication: A speciaized version of the SPB-1, this coumn was deveoped for anayses of sufur gases and other voatie sufur compounds. The coumn dispays reativey ow coumn beed, which makes it compatibe for use with sufur-specific detectors. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G1, G2, and G9 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 300 C Equity-1 Appication: This coumn is designed for genera purpose appications where a non-poar coumn is required. Anaytes wi be separated primariy according to boiing point. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G1, G2, and G9 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 325/350 C for mm I.D. -60 C to 300/320 C for 0.53 mm I.D. ( 1.5 µm) -60 C to 260/280 C for 0.53mm I.D. (>1.5 µm) SPB-1 Appication: This coumn is often used for traditiona genera purpose appications, where a non-poar coumn is required. Anaytes wi be separated primariy according to boiing point. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G1, G2, and G9 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 320 C 16 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

17 SLB-5ms Appication: The 5% pheny equivaent phase provides a boiing point eution order with a sight increase in seectivity, especiay for aromatic compounds. The ow beed characteristics, inertness, and durabe nature make it the coumn of choice for environmenta anaytes (such as semivoaties, pesticides, PCBs, and herbicides) or anywhere a ow beed non-poar coumn is required. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G27 and G36 requirements. Phase: Bonded and highy crossinked; siphenyene poymer virtuay equivaent in poarity to poy (5% dipheny/95% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 340/360 C for mm I.D. -60 C to 330/340 C for 0.53 mm I.D. MET-Biodiese Appication: This rugged meta coumn was designed specificay for the determination of free and tota gycerin in B100 biodiese sampes. A guard is integrated, thereby providing protection with a eak-free connection (the guard and anaytica coumn are one continuous piece of tubing; there is no union between the guard and anaytica coumn). USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: -60 C to 380/430 C HT-5 (auminum cad) Appication: This coumn offers the highest maximum temperature of any commerciay avaiabe coumn. It is we suited for simuated distiation (SIM DIS) anayses of petroeum sampes. USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; sioxane-carborane equivaent in poarity to poy(5% dipheny/95% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: 10 C to 460/480 C PTA-5 Appication: This coumn is designed for anayses of amines and other basic anaytes. USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; base-modified poy(5% dipheny/95% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 320 C SAC-5 Appication: This coumn is an appication specific non-poar coumn, designed for reproducibe anayses of pant steros, choestero, and other anima steros. USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; poy(5% dipheny/ 95% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 320 C Equity-5 Appication: This popuar coumn is designed for genera purpose appications where a non-poar coumn is required. The ow pheny content provides therma stabiity compared to 100% poy(dimethysioxane) coumns. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G27 and G36 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(5% dipheny/95% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 325/350 C for mm I.D. -60 C to 300/320 C for 0.53 mm I.D. ( 1.5 µm) -60 C to 260/280 C for 0.53 mm I.D. (>1.5 µm) SPB-5 Appication: This non-poar genera purpose coumn provides primariy a boiing point eution order with a sight increase in seectivity, especiay for aromatic compounds. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G27 and G36 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(5% dipheny/95% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -60 C to 320 C SPB-624 Appication: This coumn is speciay tested for separation, efficiency, and ow beed. It is designed for purge-and-trap anayses of voatie haogenated, non-haogenated, and aromatic contaminants from environmenta sampes. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G43 requirements. Phase: Bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: Subambient to 250 C for 0.32 mm I.D. Subambient to 230 C for 0.53 mm I.D. OVI-G43 Appication: This coumn is speciay prepared and tested to meet the requirements of United States Pharmacopoeia and European Pharmacopoeia methods for determining residua sovents in pharmaceutica preparations. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G43 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(6% cyanopropypheny/94% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -20 C to 260 C VOCOL Appication: This intermediate poarity coumn, designed for anayses of voatie organic compounds (VOCs), offers great retention and resoution of highy voatie compounds. Use this coumn in direct injection ports or couped to purge-andtrap systems. USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: Subambient to 250 C ( 1.8 µm) Subambient to 230 C (>1.8 µm) GC Coumn Seection Guide technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

18 GC Coumn Seection Guide SPB-20 Appication: This coumn has intermediate poarity due to the higher (20%) pheny content, producing a different eution order of poar compounds for confirmationa information. It is often used for anayses of aromatic anaytes. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G32 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(20% dipheny/80% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: -25 C to 300 C Equity-1701 Appication: Increased phase poarity, due to cyanopropypheny functiona group substitution, offers unique seectivity compared to other phases. This coumn works we with systems empoying ECD, NPD, and MSD detectors, and is often used for acohos, oxygenates, pharmaceuticas, pesticides, and PCB appications. USP Code: This coumn meets G46 requirements Phase: Bonded; poy(14% cyanopropypheny/86% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: Subambient to 280 C for mm I.D. Subambient to 260 C for 0.53 mm I. D SPB-608 Appication: This coumn is speciay tested with ow concentrations of 18 chorinated pesticides, using an ECD detector. In addition to seectivity and efficiency, it is aso tested to ensure minimum breakdown of 4,4 -DDT and endrin. This coumn is aso suitabe for use in herbicide anayses. USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: Subambient to 300 C Sup-Herb Appication: This is a speciay tested intermediate poarity coumn for anayses of herbicides, specificay for US EPA Method 507. USP Code: None Phase: Bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: Subambient to 300 C SPB-35 Appication: With a pheny content of 35%, this coumn offers a higher poarity option compared to coumns containing a ower pheny content. This coumn is usefu for anayses of poar compounds because they are retained onger reative to non-poar compounds. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G42 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(35% dipheny/65% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: 0 C to 300 C SPB-50 Appication: This coumn has the highest pheny content of the common pheny-containing series of phases. The coumn is usefu for anayses of poar anaytes and provides usefu confirmationa information. It aso offers additiona seectivity for poynucear aromatic hydrocarbon isomers over coumns with ower pheny content. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G3 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(50% dipheny/50% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: 30 C to 310 C SPB-225 Appication: Supeco offers the broadest range of cyanopropy coumns in the industry, such as this intermediate poarity coumn. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G7 and G19 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(50% cyanopropypheny/50% dimethysioxane) Temperature Limits: 45 C to 220/240 C SPB-PUFA Appication: This coumn provides the necessary poarity for anayses of poyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as fatty acid methy esters (FAME). This coumn is specificay tuned to provide highy reproducibe anayses. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G18 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(akyene gyco) Temperature Limits: 50 C to 220 C PAG Appication: This coumn fis the poarity space between a 50% pheny substituted coumn and a cassica wax-type coumn, due to its poarity being sighty ower than a wax-type coumn. It is we suited for anayses of acohos. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G18 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(akyene gyco) Temperature Limits: 30 C to 220 C SPB-1000 Appication: The incorporation of acid functiona groups into the phase ends an acidic character to this coumn, usefu for anayses of voatie acidic compounds. It offers great performance for anayses of gycos. It is the recommended coumn for ethyene gyco anaysis. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G25 and G35 requirements. Phase: Bonded; acid-modified poy(ethyene gyco) Temperature Limits: 60 C to 200/220 C Nuko Appication: The incorporation of acid functiona groups into the phase ends an acidic character to this coumn, usefu for anayses of voatie acidic compounds. Difficut to anayze carboxyic acids (free fatty acids) can be anayzed with exceent peak shape and minima adsorption. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G25 and G35 requirements. Phase: Bonded; acid-modified poy(ethyene gyco) Temperature Limits: 60 C to 200/220 C 18 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

19 Carbowax Amine Appication: This speciay prepared base-deactivated coumn is designed for anayses of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, as we as other voatie basic compounds. USP Code: None. Phase: Non-bonded; base-modified poy(ethyene gyco) Temperature Limits: 60 C to 200 C Omegawax Appication: This coumn aows highy reproducibe anayses of fatty acid methy esters (FAMEs), specificay the omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. It is tested to ensure reproducibe FAME equivaent chain ength (ECL) vaues and resoution of key components. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G16 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(ethyene gyco) Temperature Limits: 50 C to 280 C SUPELCOWAX 10 Appication: This coumn is based on one of the most widey used poar phases, Carbowax 20M, and is a poar coumn suitabe for anayses of sovents, fatty acid methy esters (FAMEs), food, favor and fragrance compounds, acohos, and aromatics. Additionay, this coumn is a great choice when a poar genera purpose coumn is required. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G16 requirements. Phase: Bonded; poy(ethyene gyco) Temperature Limits: 35 C to 280 C SLB-IL59 Appication: This poar ionic iquid coumn has a 300 C maximum temperature, a temperature simiar to commony used non-poar and intermediate poar coumns, but with a seectivity simiar to a poyethyene gyco coumn. USP Code: None Phase: Non-bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: Subambient to 300 C SP-2330 Appication: Supeco offers the broadest range of biscyanopropy phases in the industry. This coumn is a highy speciaized coumn that offers both poar and poarizabe features due to the substitution of biscyanopropy and pheny groups onto the poymer backbone. It can be used for both high and ow temperature separations for anaytes such as geometric isomers of fatty acid methy esters (FAMEs), dioxins, and aromatic compounds. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G8 requirements. Phase: Non-bonded; poy(80% biscyanopropy/20% cyanopropypheny sioxane) Temperature Limits: Subambient to 250 C SLB-IL76 Appication: This second generation highy poar ionic iquid coumn provides unique seectivity due to the numerous anayte sovation interactions that are possibe. USP Code: None Phase: Non-bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: Subambient to 270 C technica service: (US and Canada ony) / SP-2331 Appication: A highy poar cyanosioxane coumn speciay tested for anayses of dioxins, specificay tetrachorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) isomers. Because the phase is stabiized, it has a maximum temperature sighty higher than non-bonded cyanosioxane coumns. USP Code: None Phase: Stabiized; proprietary Temperature Limits: Subambient to 275 C SP-2380 Appication: A highy poar cyanosioxane coumn commony used for separation of geometric (cis/trans) fatty acid methy ester (FAME) isomers as a group. Aso usefu when a highy poar genera purpose coumn with good therma stabiity is required. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G48 requirements. Phase: Stabiized; poy(90% biscyanopropy/10% cyanopropypheny sioxane) Temperature Limits: Subambient to 275 C SP-2560 Appication: This highy poar biscyanopropy coumn was specificay designed for detaied separation of geometricpositiona (cis/trans) isomers of fatty acid methy esters (FAMEs). It is extremey effective for FAME isomer appications. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G5 requirements. Phase: Non-bonded; poy(biscyanopropy sioxane) Temperature Limits: Subambient to 250 C SP-2340 Appication: This non-bonded coumn offers the highest poarity in its cass. As with a genera purpose biscyanopropy coumns, it is highy effective for both high and ow temperature separations of geometric isomers of fatty acid methy esters (FAMEs), dioxins, carbohydrates, and aromatic compounds. USP Code: This coumn meets USP G5 requirements. Phase: Non-bonded; poy(biscyanopropy sioxane) Temperature Limits: Subambient to 250 C SLB-IL82 Appication: This highy poar ionic iquid coumn provides aternate seectivity to other ionic iquid coumns as we as non-ionic iquid coumns of simiar poarity. USP Code: None Phase: Non-bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: 50 C to 270 C TCEP Appication: The unique chemistry of the phase aows for speciaized separations. It is often used for anayses of acohos and aromatics in minera spirits, aiphatic constituents in gasoine, impurities in individua aromatics, and oxygenates. USP Code: None Phase: Non-bonded; 1,2,3-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)propane Temperature Limits: Subambient to 145 C GC Coumn Seection Guide 19

20 GC Coumn Seection Guide SLB-IL100 Appication: Launched in 2008, this highy poar coumn is the word s first commerciay avaiabe ionic iquid GC coumn. It serves as the benchmark of 100 on our GC coumn poarity scae. USP Code: None Phase: Non-bonded; 1,9-di(3-viny-imidazoium) nonane bis(trifuoromethy) sufony imidate Temperature Limits: Subambient to 230 C SLB-IL111 Appication: This extremey poar ionic iquid coumn is the word s first commercia coumn to rate over 100 on our GC coumn poarity scae. It is most orthogona to commony used non-poar and intermediate poar coumns, providing increased seectivity for poar and poarizabe anaytes. USP Code: None Phase: Non-bonded; proprietary Temperature Limits: 50 C to 270 C Chira Phases Chira GC phases consist of derivatives of a-, b-, or g-cycodextrin for the separation of enantiomers. These phases can routiney separate a variety of underivatized non-aromatic enantiomers and severa aromatic enantiomers that remain difficut to resove by HPLC. These phases specificay and effectivey separate many of these types of moecues, incuding thousands of compounds that are starting materias or intermediates for chira synthesis, biochemica and pharmaceutica intermediates and metaboites, environmenta contaminants, favors, etc. CHIRALDEX Appication: These coumns are used for anayses of enantiomers to determine bioogica activity (pharmaceutica industry), aroma (favor & fragrance and food & beverage industries), whether hazardous (environmenta industry), and purity (chemica industry). USP Code: None Phase: Fourteen speciaized phase chemistries comprised of compex derivatives of cycodextrins that impart a broad range of seectivities Temperature Limits: TA Phases: -5 C to 180 C A Other Phases: -5 C to 220 C Supeco DEX Appication: These coumns are used for anayses of enantiomers to determine bioogica activity (pharmaceutica industry), aroma (favor & fragrance and food & beverage industries), whether hazardous (environmenta industry), and purity (chemica industry). USP Code: None Phase: Ten unique phases comprised of derivatives of cycodextrins that are abe to perform many enantiomeric separations Temperature Limits: 30 C to 230 C PLOT Coumns PLOT (Porous Layer Open Tubuar) technoogy permits a uniform ayer of soid adsorbent partices to be attached to the inside wa of fused siica tubing. The use of porous adsorbents in these coumns aows for gas-soid chromatography to be performed. A proprietary and patented procedure is used to fix partices to the fused siica tubing, and ensures they wi not be disodged in norma use. Aumina sufate PLOT Appication: This highy dependabe coumn has the necessary seectivity for the separation of akanes, akenes, and akynes in mixtures of C1-C4 hydrocarbons. It provides eution of acetyene after n-butane and the eution of methy acetyene after n-pentane and 1,3-butadiene. The poymer surface is deactivated to reduce peak taiing. USP Code: None Phase: Sufate-deactivated aumina Temperature Limits: Subambient to 180 C Aumina choride PLOT Appication: This coumn aows for the separation of C1-C4 hydrocarbons. Because this coumn is sighty ess poar than the Aumina sufate PLOT, it provides a different eution order pattern when akane, akene, and akyne mixtures of ight hydrocarbons are anayzed. It aso provides exceent separation of many common fuorinated compounds, such as freons. USP Code: None Phase: Choride-deactivated aumina Temperature Limits: Subambient to 180 C Carboxen-1010 PLOT Appication: This coumn is idea for the separation of a major components in permanent gas (heium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and carbon dioxide) and ight hydrocarbons (C2-C3) in the same anaysis. It is the ony coumn commerciay avaiabe that is abe to separate a major components in permanent gas. This coumn can aso separate oxygen from nitrogen at subambient temperatures. USP Code: None Phase: Carbon moecuar sieve Temperature Limits: Subambient to 250 C 20 sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

21 Carboxen-1006 PLOT Appication: This coumn is idea for the separation of many permanent gas components (such as heium, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and carbon dioxide), and ight hydrocarbons (C2-C3) in the same anaysis. It is idea for resoving formadehyde/water/methano (formain) mixtures and monitoring impurities in ethyene. This coumn can be used with high fow rates and rapid temperature programs to ensure exceent, fast separations. USP Code: None Phase: Carbon moecuar sieve Temperature Limits: Subambient to 250 C Mo Sieve 5A PLOT Appication: This coumn can be used for the separation of many permanent gas components, such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, in ess than five minutes. More difficut separations, such as argon from oxygen, can be achieved by using subambient temperatures. These coumns possess the strongest adsorption strength of any PLOT coumn. USP Code: None Phase: Auminosiicate Temperature Limits: Subambient to 300 C Supe-Q PLOT Appication: This coumn exhibits very itte beed, even at its maximum temperature, and effectivey resoves carbon dioxide and C1-C4 hydrocarbons at above ambient tem - peratures. It is aso suitabe for anayses of sufur gases, acohos, ketones, adehydes, and many poar compounds. Gasoine and other petroeum fractions can be anayzed as we. USP Code: None Phase: Divinybenzene Temperature Limits: Subambient to 250 C SCOT Coumns SCOT (Support Coated Open Tubuar) technoogy permits a uniform ayer of support partices that have been coated with iquid phase to be deposited onto the inner wa of stainess stee tubing. This technoogy aows access to many phases that are inaccessibe to conventiona wa coated open tubuar capiary coumn manufacturing technoogy. These coumns combine the sensitivity and exceent sampe resoution of capiary GC with the extensive stationary phase ibrary of packed coumn GC. Bentone 34/DNDP SCOT Appication: Use for anayses of xyene isomers. USP Code: None Phase: Bentone 34/di-n-decy phthaate Temperature Limits: 10 C to 150 C BMEA SCOT Appication: Use for anayses of oefins. USP Code: None Phase: bis-methoxyethyadipate Temperature Limits: Ambient to 100 C Squaane SCOT Appication: Use for boiing point separations. USP Code: None Phase: Squaane Temperature Limits: 20 C to 120 C TCEP SCOT Appication: Use for anayses of aromatic anaytes. USP Code: None Phase: 1,2,3-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)propane Temperature Limits: 0 C to 150 C GC Coumn Seection Guide G technica service: (US and Canada ony) /

22 Cataog Numbers (Common Dimensions of Popuar Phases) Tabe 5. Traditiona Phases (by increasing phase poarity) GC Coumn Seection Guide Phase I.D. (mm) Length (m) d f (µm) Beta Vaue Cat. No. SPB-Octy U Petroco DH U Petroco DH U Petroco DH SPB-1 SULFUR Equity U Equity U Equity U Equity U SPB SPB SPB U SPB SPB SPB U SPB U SLB-5ms U SLB-5ms U SLB-5ms U SLB-5ms U SLB-5ms U SLB-5ms U SLB-5ms U MET-Biodiese U p HT-5 (auminum cad) PTA PTA SAC Equity U Equity U Equity U Equity U Equity U SPB SPB SPB U SPB SPB SPB U SPB SPB SPB U SPB SPB SPB SPB SPB OVI-G VOCOL U VOCOL U VOCOL VOCOL U VOCOL VOCOL U VOCOL VOCOL SPB U Equity U Equity U SPB U SPB SPB SPB Nuko sigma-adrich.com/gc ordering: (US ony) /

23 Phase I.D. (mm) Length (m) d f (µm) Beta Vaue Cat. No. Nuko Nuko Carbowax Amine Omegawax U Omegawax Omegawax SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX U SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX U SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX U SUPELCOWAX SUPELCOWAX U SUPELCOWAX SLB-IL U SLB-IL U SP SLB-IL U SLB-IL U SP U SP U SP U SP SP SP U SP U SP SP U s SP SLB-IL U SLB-IL U TCEP SLB-IL U SLB-IL U SLB-IL U SLB-IL U SLB-IL U SLB-IL U SLB-IL U SLB-IL U p Pus an integrated 2 m x 0.53 mm I.D. guard. s Wound onto a 5 inch cage to fit an Agient 6850 GC. Tabe 6. Chira Phases Phase I.D. (mm) Length (m) d f (µm) Beta Vaue Cat. No. CHIRALDEX G-TA AST CHIRALDEX G-DP AST CHIRALDEX B-DM AST CHIRALDEX B-PM AST CHIRALDEX B-DA AST CHIRALDEX B-PH AST b-dex b-dex b-dex Tabe 7. PLOT Coumns Phase I.D. (mm) Length (m) Cat. No. Aumina sufate PLOT U Aumina choride PLOT U Carboxen-1010 PLOT Carboxen-1006 PLOT Mo Sieve 5A PLOT Supe-Q PLOT technica service: (US and Canada ony) / GC Coumn Seection Guide 23

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