Introduction to Gas Chromatography
|
|
- Pamela Hall
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction to Gas Chromatography 31-1 Objectives To know what is chromatography To understand the mechanism of compound separation To know the basic of gas chromatography system 31-2
2 Chromatography Definition Chromatography, The Science of Separation A physical method of separating sample components from a mixture by selective adsorption or partitioning of the analyte between two phases: a mobile phase & a stationary phase 31-3 Chromatography Phases Mobile Phases: Liquids (methanol, water ) Changing dielectric strength Gases (helium, hydrogen ) Temperature Stationary Phases: Solids (alumina, silica, carbon ) Adsorption chromatography Liquids (siloxanes, polyethylene glycols ) Partition (distribution) chromatography Seminar Focus: GLC (Gas-Liquid Chromatography) 31-4
3 GC & HPLC Applicable Ranges GC HPLC 31-5 Classification of chromatographic methods Column Chromatography Gas Liquid Packed Open Tubuler GSC GLC WCOT SCOT PLOT 31-6
4 GLC vs. GSC Gas Liquid Chromatography (Packed column) Carrier Gas Liquid Phase Solid Support Very porous with very high surface area Gas Solid Chromatography (Packed column) Carrier Gas Absorbent packing Porous with large surface area 31-7 WCOT vs. SCOT vs. PLOT Wall Coated Open Tubular (WCOT) Carrier Gas Liquid Phase Support Coated Open Tubular (SCOT) Carrier Gas Liquid Phase Porous Layer Open Tubuler (PLOT) Carrier Gas Solid Phase 31-8
5 Types of GC Capillary Columns WCOT (wall coated open tubular) Partition chromatography Typical phases: Siloxanes and Carbowaxes 0.10 through 0.53mm internal diameters PLOT (porous layer open tubular) Adsorption chromatography Permanent gas and light hydrocarbon analysis Adsorbents: molecular sieve, porous polymers, alumina The history of Chromatography Term first applied by M.S.Tswett in 1903 Inventor of chromatography Separation of plant pigments on adsorbents L.S. Palmer in 1922 American who revived technique Separation of natural products Martin and Synge in 1941 Used silica gel packing Introduced partition chromatography Awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry 1952 with Plate theory for chromatography 31-10
6 Separation process Garrier Gas The Principal of Separation Intermolecular interactions between stationary phase and sample compound 31-12
7 Intermolecular Interactions on GC column Intermolecular Interaction Reactions Dispersive Interaction Dipole-Dipole Interaction Hydrogen Bonding Basic Gas Chromatography The walls of a small diameter piece of tubing (column) of lengths from 1 to over 50 meters are coated with a high temperature liquid (usually a silicone oil). A low flow of pure carrier gas (Nitrogen, Helium, or Hydrogen) is passed through the column while the column is maintained at a constant temperature. One end of the column has a high temperature rubber cover that can be penetrated by a small syringe needle. The other end is connected to a detector (e.g. flame ionization detector)
8 Gas Chromatograph System Carrier Gas Purifier Inlet Detector Display Data System Pneumatic Controls Column Oven Characteristics for Gas Chromatography Advantages Easy to handle Low maintenance cost Fast Analysis High Resolution Easy to hyphen with MS and other detecting tool Requires small samples, typically µl Highly accurate quantitative analysis, typical RSDs of 1-5% Limitations Not easy to recover the sample. Hard to analyze the heat labile sample. Hard to introduce the reproducible amount of sample Limited mobile phase (gas) 31-16
9 Compounds Amenable to Gas Chromatography Moderately thermally stable Vapor pressure in column (boiling point) allows for partitioning Routinely used below F.W. ~ 1000 amu Permanent gases through F.W. ~ 2000 amu for certain compound classes Unreactive/non-absorptive to chromatographic system 1 amu (atomic mass unit) = kilograms Carrier Gas (Mobile phase for GC) Inert gases like, He, H 2, N 2, Ar Prefer low diffusible gases. Purity : referred to as five 9s or grade No air, water, hydrocarbons and etc. Adequate to GC detector 31-18
10 Carrier Gas for each GC detector Detector Carrier Gas Description Popular GC Detectors TCD He H2 Good Provide highest sensitivity N2 For the analysis of hydrogen FID N2 Good H2,He Not bad NPD He Best N2 Provide highest sensitivity ECD N2 Provide highest sensitivity Ar/CH4 Most wide dynamic range FPD N2 Good Gas purifying system for GC A : Moisture trap B : Hydrocarbon trap C : Indicating Oxygen trap 31-20
11 Separation - The Ultimate Goal Many Factors Affect Separation The sample transfer or injection technique Column choice Partitioning Selectivity Resolution The detection method FID, ECD, GC/MS Separation Step 1 Sample Transfer Injection how the sample is transferred to the column As a liquid via syringe Non-liquid techniques Purge & trap Headspace Gas sample loop NOTE: It is critical to get the sample into the column in a focused band 31-22
12 ...because analytes Band Broaden in time and space Initial Final Bandwidth due to carrier gas flow profiles and increased diffusion when in the gas phase 0 meters 30 m Bandwidth (peak width) increases as an analyte travels along the column Band Broadening Eddy diffusion Molecular diffusion Therefore, producing a narrow initial bandwidth (focusing) is critical to separation! 31-24
13 Separation Step 1 Sample Transfer How to get a focused initial band: Solvent Focusing Set oven temp. lower than boiling point of all analytes and solvent (approximately 20 C lower) Analyte Focusing If solvent boiling point is much lower than boiling point of firsteluting analyte, set oven temp. lower than boiling point of that analyte Separation Step 2 Column choice Partitioning Oven temp. increased until effective vapor pressures are reached and compounds leave the column head Compounds flow with the carrier gas until they partition into the stationary phase Partitioning is a function of: Stationary phase type Column dimensions Oven temperature Carrier gas type and linear velocity 31-26
14 Separation Step 3 Column choice Selectivity CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 O O O O Si Si Si Si CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 e.g. DB-1 column 100% Dimethyl Polysiloxane Separation Step 3 Column choice Resolution Not Efficient, not Selective Not Efficient, but Selective Efficient, but not Selective Efficient and Selective 31-28
15 Separation Step 4 Detection Flame ionization detector (FID) Materials that ionize in an air/h2 flame Nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) Organic compounds containing nitrogen & phosphorus Electron capture detector (ECD) Poly-halogenated compounds, organometallics, conjugated carbonyls etc. Flame photometric detector (FPD) Sulfur (or P) containing compounds. Etc Real Example Component list: 1. 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-m-xylene 2. alpha-bhc 3. gamma-bhc 4. beta-bhc 5. delta-bhc 6. heptachlor 7. aldrin 8. heptachlor epoxide 9. gamma-chlordane 10. alpha-chlordane 11. 4,4'-DDE 12. endosulfan I 13. dieldrin 14. endrin 15. 4,4'-DDD 16. endosulfan II 17. 4,4'-DDT 18. endrin aldehyde 19. methoxychlor 20. endosulfan sulfate 21. endrin ketone 22. decachlorobiphenyl Run Conditions: 30m, 0.32mm ID, 0.50 µm DB
16 Summary History Fundamentals Factors for achieving a GC separation Terms: Selectivity, Partitioning, resolution Focusing and separation 31-31
CH 2252 Instrumental Methods of Analysis Unit V Gas Chromatography. M. Subramanian
CH 2252 Instrumental Methods of Analysis Unit V Gas Chromatography M. Subramanian Assistant Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam 603
More informationGas Chromatography. Vaporization of sample Gas-solid Physical absorption Gas-liquid Liquid immobilized on inert solid
Gas Chromatography Vaporization of sample Gas-solid Physical absorption Gas-liquid Liquid immobilized on inert solid Principles Instrumentation Applications 18-1 Retention Volumes Volumes rather than times
More informationGas Chromatography (GC)! Environmental Organic Chemistry CEE-PUBH Analysis Topic 5
Gas Chromatography (GC)! Environmental Organic Chemistry CEE-PUBH 5730-6730 Analysis Topic 5 Chromatography! Group of separation techniques based on partitioning (mobile phase/stationary phase). Two immiscible
More informationCh24. Gas Chromatography (GC)
Ch24. Gas Chromatography (GC) 24.1 What did they eat in the year 1000? From 13 C content of cholesterol in ancient bone 13 C : 1.1%, 12 C: 98.9% 13 C/ 12 C ratio types of plants Bones of 50 people in Barton-on-Humber
More informationGAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. Mobile phase is a gas! Stationary phase could be anything but a gas
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Mobile phase is a gas! Stationary phase could be anything but a gas Gas Chromatography (GC) GC is currently one of the most popular methods for separating and analyzing compounds. This
More informationGas Chromatography. Presented By Mr. Venkateswarlu Mpharm KTPC
Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography Presented By Mr. Venkateswarlu Mpharm KTPC What is Gas Chromatography? It is also known as Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Separation of gaseous
More informationGas Chromatography (GC)
Gas Chromatography (GC) Ahmad Aqel Ifseisi Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry College of Science, Department of Chemistry King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11541 Saudi Arabia Office: AA53
More information2401 Gas (liquid) Chromatography
2401 Gas (liquid) Chromatography Chromatography Scheme Gas chromatography - specifically gas-liquid chromatography - involves a sample being vaporized and injected onto the head of the chromatographic
More informationGC Instruments. GC Instruments - Sample Introduction
GC Instruments 1 Fairly simple instrumentation Maintaining constant average pressure is important! Pressure controls flow rate T influences retention (k ) Flow rate monitoring Changing flow rate changes
More informationChromatography. Gas Chromatography
Chromatography Chromatography is essentially the separation of a mixture into its component parts for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The basis of separation is the partitioning of the analyte mixture
More informationGas chromatography. Advantages of GC. Disadvantages of GC
Advantages of GC Gas chromatography Fast analysis, typically minutes Effi cient, providing high resolution Sensitive, easily detecting ppm and often ppb Nondestructive, making possible on - line coupling;
More informationSelection of a Capillary
Selection of a Capillary GC Column - Series 3 Mark Sinnott Application Engineer March 19, 2009 Page 1 Typical Gas Chromatographic System Mol-Sieve Traps Fixed Restrictors Regulators Injection Port Detector
More informationIntroduction and Principles of Gas Chromatography
Introduction and Principles of Gas Chromatography Jaap de Zeeuw Restek, Middelburg, The Netherlands Jaap.dezeeuw@restek.com Definition and Uses of Gas Chromatography GC Components and Types of Columns
More informationChapter 27: Gas Chromatography
Chapter 27: Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography Mobile phase (carrier gas): gas (He, N 2, H 2 ) - do not interact with analytes - only transport the analyte through the column Analyte: volatile liquid
More informationGas Chromatography. Rosa Yu, David Reckhow CEE772 Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis CEE 772 #16 2
Print version Gas Chromatography Rosa Yu, David Reckhow CEE772 Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis CEE 772 #16 1 Contents The primary components to a GC system 1. Carrier Gas System (including
More informationSelection of a Capillary GC Column
Selection of a Capillary GC Column Mark Sinnott Application Engineer March 13, 2008 Page 1 Typical Gas Chromatographic System Mol-Sieve Traps Fixed Restrictors Regulators Injection Port Detector Electrometer
More informationPRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. Dr. P. Jayachandra Reddy Mpharm PhD Principal & professor KTPC
PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY Dr. P. Jayachandra Reddy Mpharm PhD Principal & professor KTPC CHROMATOGRAPHY Laboratory technique for the Separation of mixtures Chroma -"color" and graphein
More informationQuantification of Pesticides in Food without Calibration using GC/FID with the Polyarc Reactor
Quantification of Pesticides in Food without Calibration using GC/FID with the Polyarc Reactor Application Note Pesticides Authors Charlie Spanjers and Paul Dauenhauer University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
More informationCourse goals: Course goals: Lecture 1 A brief introduction to chromatography. AM Quality parameters and optimization in Chromatography
Emqal module: M0925 - Quality parameters and optimization in is a separation technique used for quantification of mixtures of analytes Svein.mjos@kj.uib.no Exercises and lectures can be found at www.chrombox.org/emq
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 27. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 27 Gas Chromatography Introduction GC covers all chromatographic methods in which the mobile phase is gas. It may involve either a solid stationary phase (GSC)
More informationChromatographic Methods of Analysis Section: 5 Gas Chromatography (GC) Prof. Tarek A. Fayed
Chromatographic Methods of Analysis Section: 5 Gas Chromatography (GC) Prof. Tarek A. Fayed Gas Chromatography (GC) In gas chromatography, the sample is vaporized and injected onto the head of a chromatographic
More informationUnderstanding the Capillary GC Column: How to Choose the Correct Type and Dimension
Understanding the Capillary GC Column: How to Choose the Correct Type and Dimension Simon Jones Application Engineer Things to Consider Is it Volatile enough to chromatograph by GC? Is it a Gas or a Liquid?
More informationChapter 27: Gas Chromatography. Principles Instrumentation Detectors Columns and Stationary Phases Applications
Chapter 27: Gas Chromatography Principles Instrumentation Detectors Columns and Stationary Phases Applications GC-MS Schematic Interface less critical for capillary columns Several types of Mass Specs
More informationHow To Select the Correct GC Column. Simon Jones Application Engineer
How To Select the Correct GC Column Simon Jones Application Engineer Things to Consider Is it Volatile enough to chromatograph by GC? Is it a Gas or a Liquid? How are we getting the Sample Injected? What
More information10/27/10. Chapter 27. Injector typically 50 C hotter than oven
Sample and solvent are vaporized onto the head of a column Vaporized solvent and solute are carried through the column by an inert gas (mobile phase) The mobile phase does not interact with compounds of
More informationHarris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 23: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 23: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Chapter 23. Gas Chromatography What did they eat in the year 1,000? GC of Cholesterol and other lipids extracted from
More informationOrganochlorine Pesticides by GCxGC-ECD
Organochlorine Pesticides by GCxGC-ECD LECO Corporation; Saint Joseph, Michigan USA Key Words: GCxGC-ECD, Environmental, Quantification 1. Introduction United States Environmental Protection Agency Method
More informationPartitioning. Separation is based on the analyte s relative solubility between two liquid phases or a liquid and solid.
Chromatography Various techniques for the separation of complex mixtures that rely on the differential affinities of substances for a gas or liquid mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing medium through
More informationExperiment 6 Simple and Fractional Distillation
Experiment 6 Simple and Fractional Distillation Vapor Pressure vs Temperature of Water Vapor Pressure vs Temperature of Water 25 Vapor Pressure vs Temperature of Water 25 Vapor Pressure (kpa) (kpa) 2 2
More informationChapter 11 Conventional Gas Chromatography
Chapter 11 Conventional Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography GC is the first instrumental chromatographic method developed commercially It is relatively easy to introduce a stable flow and pressure for
More informationChapter 31 Gas Chromatography. Carrier Gas System
Chapter 31 Gas Chromatography GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY In gas chromatography, the components of a vaporized sample are fractionated as a consequence of being partitioned between a mobile gaseous phase
More informationVolatile organic compounds (VOCs):
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Organic chemicals with a high vapour pressure at room temperature. High vapour pressure results from a low boiling point. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined
More informationUnderstanding Gas Chromatography
Understanding Gas Chromatography What is Really Going on Inside the Box? Simon Jones GC Applications Engineer Page 1 Group/Presentation Title Month ##, 200X ?? K? Page 2 Typical GC System Gas supply Injector
More informationGC Instruments. GC Instruments - Columns
GC Instruments 1 Fairly simple instrumentation Maintaining constant average pressure is important! Pressure controls flow rate T influences retention (k ) Flow rate monitoring Changing flow rate changes
More informationCapillary GC Column Selection and Method Development A Primer on Column Parameters and Instrument Conditions
Capillary GC Column Selection and Method Development A Primer on Column Parameters and Instrument Conditions Michael D. Buchanan September 11, 2014 sigma-aldrich.com/analytical 2012 Sigma-Aldrich Co. All
More informationBiochemistry. Biochemical Techniques. 12 Gas Liquid Chromatography
Description of Module Subject Name Paper Name 12 Module Name/Title 12 Gas - liquid Chromatography 1. Objectives 1.1 To understand principle of Gas Liquid Chromatography 1.2 To explain the different components
More informationPractical Faster GC Applications with High-Efficiency GC Columns and Method Translation Software
Practical Faster GC Applications with High-Efficiency GC Columns and Method Translation Software GC Columns and Consumables Mark Sinnott Application Engineer January 8 th, 2008 Page 1 Questions to Ask
More informationRtx -CLPesticides Columns Reduce Analysis Time; Reduce System Maintenance
Columns Reduce Analysis Time; Reduce System Maintenance 0 YEARS Turning Visions into Reality www.restek.com 00-- --00 and Fused Silica Columns Detect and confirm 0 common organochlorine pesticides simultaneously.
More informationIntroduction to Capillary GC
?? Kβ? Page 1 Typical GC System Gas supply Injector Detector Data handling GAS Column Oven Page 2 CARRIER GAS Carries the solutes down the column Selection and velocity influences efficiency and retention
More informationhttps://www.chemicool.com/definition/chromatography.html
CHROMATOGRAPHY 1 Chromatography - a physical method of mixture separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary (stationary phase) while
More informationIntroduction to Chromatography
Introduction to Chromatography Dr. Sana Mustafa Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Karachi. What is Chromatography? Derived from the Greek
More informationGas Chromatography (GC)
Gas Chromatography (GC) Ahmad Aqel Ifseisi Assistant Professor of Analytical Chemistry College of Science, Department of Chemistry King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia Building:
More informationSpeakers. Moderator. John V Hinshaw GC Dept. Dean CHROMacademy. Tony Taylor Technical Director CHROMacademy. Dave Walsh Editor In Chief LCGC Magazine
Webcast Notes Type your questions in the Submit Question box, located below the slide window You can enlarge the slide window at any time by clicking on the Enlarge Slides button, located below the presentation
More informationPrinciples of Gas- Chromatography (GC)
Principles of Gas- Chromatography (GC) Mohammed N. Sabir January 2017 10-Jan-17 1 GC is a chromatographic technique utilizes gas as the mobile phase which is usually an inert gas (Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen
More informationDisadvantage: Destructive Technique once analyzed by GC, the sample is lost
Gas Chromatography Like other methods of chromatography, a partitioning of molecules must occur between the stationary phase and the mobile phases in order to achieve separation. This is the same equilibrium
More informationIntroduction to Chromatographic Separations
Introduction to Chromatographic Separations Analysis of complex samples usually involves previous separation prior to compound determination. Two main separation methods instrumentation are available:
More information1. Carrier gas supply. - Flow rate measurement
Chapter 27 Gas chromatography Gas Chromatography - The components of a vaporized sample are separated as a consequence of being partitioned between a mobile gaseous phase and a liquid or a solid stationary
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 28. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 28 Two types in general use: -packed (stationary phase) -open tubular or capillary determine selectivity and efficiency of the sample. Column Materials Column
More informationGas Chromatography. Introduction
Gas Chromatography Introduction 1.) Gas Chromatography Mobile phase (carrier gas) is a gas - Usually N 2, He, Ar and maybe H 2 - Mobile phase in liquid chromatography is a liquid Requires analyte to be
More informationInstrumental Chemical Analysis
L2 Page1 Instrumental Chemical Analysis Chromatography (General aspects of chromatography) Dr. Ahmad Najjar Philadelphia University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 nd semester,
More informationCHAPTER 6 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 6 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Expected Outcomes Explain the principles of gas chromatography Able to state the function of each components of GC instrumentation Able to state the applications of GC 6.1
More informationSkoog/Holler/Crouch Chapter 26 Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed. CHAPTER 26
Skoog/Holler/Crouch Chapter 26 Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed. Instructor s Manual CHAPTE 26 26-1. (a) Elution is a process in which species are washed through a chromatographic column by
More informationDEFINITION CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chromatography DEFINITION CHROMATOGRAPHY The separation of a mixture by distribution of its components between a mobile and stationary phase over time mobile phase = solvent stationary phase = column packing
More informationPrinciples of Instrumental Analysis
Principles of Instrumental Analysis Chapter 27 Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography (GC): vaporized analytes (solutes) are partitioned between a mobile gaseous phase and a liquid or a solid stationary
More informationInstrumentation. Components of a gas chromatograph
Gas chromatography Instrumentation Components of a gas chromatograph The components include the Mobile phase (Carrier gas) supply and pressure and flow rate regulators Injector the column the detector
More informationChem 230, Fall, 2014 Homework Set # 3 Short Answer SOLUTIONS
Chem 230, Fall, 2014 Homework Set # 3 Short Answer SOLUTIONS 1. List two advantages of temperature programming in GC. a) Allows separation of solutes with widely varying retention factors in a reasonable
More information/Chapter 27.ppt
Information given in these slides are, either in part or all, recollection from the followings: http://bionmr.unl.edu/courses/chem421-821/lectures/chapter-2... http://faculty.atu.edu/abhuiyan/course/chem
More informationGas Chromatography. Chromatography Laboratory Course. Dr. Christian Jungnickel Chromatography Course GC September 2005
Gas Chromatography Chromatography Laboratory Course The laboratory course experiments General Aim: Gain general experience using a GC Constant Injection technique Temperature variations Qualitative and
More informationChapter 1. Chromatography. Abdul Muttaleb Jaber
Chapter 1 Chromatography Abdul Muttaleb Jaber What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a physico-chemical process that belongs to fractionation methods same as distillation, crystallization or fractionated
More informationChoosing the Correct GC Column Dimensions and Stationary Phase
Choosing the Correct GC Column Dimensions and Stationary Phase Daron Decker Chromatography Technical Specialist Page 1 Nothing is useless it can always serve as a bad example Custom Column: 150 m x 250
More informationCourse CHEM Chromatography
Course CHEM 340 - Chromatography - Chromatographic Methods o Gas Chromatography (GC) o High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Terms Stationary phase A fixed place either in a column or on a planer
More informationAn Introduction to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
An Introduction to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Dr Kersti Karu email: kersti.karu@ucl.ac.uk Office number: Room LG11 Recommended Textbooks:- Analytical Chemistry, G. D. Christian, P. K. Dasgupta,
More informationSUPELCO. Improved Performance for Cyanopropylphenyldimethylpolysiloxane (SPB-1701, SPB-1301) Capillary Columns
Improved Performance for Cyanopropylphenyldimethylpolysiloxane (SPB-1701, SPB-1301) Capillary Columns L.M. Sidisky, Yizeng Ni, Greg Baney, Rodney George, Katherine K. Stenerson 01-0026 T401044 CFK Discussion
More informationDetermination of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls Using GC/MS/MS Operated in the MRM Mode
PO-CON1610E Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls Using GC/MS/MS Operated in the MRM Mode Pittcon 2016 1110-2 Brahm Prakash, William Lipps, Di Wang, Shilpi Chopra, Nicole
More informationIntroduction to Capillary GC. Page 1. Agilent Restricted February 2, 2011
?? Kβ? Page 1 Typical GC System Gas supply Injector Detector Data handling GAS Column Oven Page 2 CARRIER GAS Carries the solutes down the column Selection and velocity influences efficiency and retention
More informationGUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYTICAL METHODS INTENDED FOR CIPAC COLLABORATIVE STUDY
Page 1 of 13 CIPAC/4105/R GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYTICAL METHODS INTENDED FOR CIPAC COLLABORATIVE STUDY Prepared for CIPAC by Dr M J Tandy*, P M Clarke and B White (UK) The rapid
More informationLab 3 Guide: Gas Chromatography (GC) (Sept 8-14)
Lab 3 Guide: Gas Chromatography (GC) (Sept 8-14) How GC works The Basic Idea Gas chromatography (GC) is mainly used for the qualitative analysis of samples: it answers the question What chemicals are present
More informationWhat is Chromatography?
What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a physico-chemical process that belongs to fractionation methods same as distillation, crystallization or fractionated extraction. It is believed that the separation
More informationLEARNING OBJECTIVES CHEM 212: SEPARATION SCIENCE CHROMATOGRAPHY UNIT. Thomas Wenzel, Bates College. In-class Problem Set Extraction.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES CHEM 212: SEPARATION SCIENCE CHROMATOGRAPHY UNIT Thomas Wenzel, Bates College In-class Problem Set Extraction Problem #1 1. Devise a scheme to be able to isolate organic acids, bases
More informationThe Effects of Carrier Gas Viscosity and Diffusion on Column Efficiency in Capillary Gas Chromatography
Page 1 of 5 Return The Effects of Carrier Gas Viscosity and Diffusion on Column Efficiency in Capillary Gas Chromatography Stephanye D. Armstrong and Harold M. McNair Department of Chemistry, Virginia
More informationCEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis
Updated: 3 November 2014 Print version CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Lecture #14 Chromatography: Theory (Skoog, Chapt. 26, pp.674-693) (Harris, Chapt. 23) (641-664) David Reckhow
More informationAnalysis of Trace (mg/kg) Thiophene in Benzene Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection Application
Analysis of Trace (mg/kg) Thiophene in Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection Application Petrochemical Authors James D. McCurry and Bruce D. Quimby Agilent Technologies
More informationLow Bleed Stationary Phases for Gas Chromatography
Low Bleed Stationary Phases for Gas Chromatography Slide 4 Advantages of Low Bleed Phase Lower bleed compared to standard phases Better signal to noise (sensitivity) Higher upper temperature - shorter
More informationAn Advanced Base Deactivated Capillary Column for analysis of Volatile amines Ammonia and Alcohols.
An Advanced Base Deactivated Capillary Column for analysis of Volatile amines Ammonia and Alcohols. Jaap de Zeeuw, Ron Stricek and Gary Stidsen Restek Corp Bellefonte, USA To analyze basic compounds at
More informationFall 2012 Due In Class Friday, Oct. 19. Complete the following on separate paper. Show your work and clearly identify your answers.
CHEM 322 Name Fall 2012 Due In Class Friday, Oct. 19 Complete the following on separate paper. Show your work and clearly identify your answers. General Separations 1. Describe the relative contributions
More informationFundamentals of GC: Introduction: Sample introduction:
Fundamentals of GC: Introduction: If you are already familiar with gas chromatography, we would recommend you go visit the Links/References page for more in-depth discussion of chromatography. This page
More informationGas Chromatography (Chapter 2 and 3 in The essence of chromatography)
Gas Chromatography 1. Introduction. Stationary phases 3. Retention in Gas-Liquid Chromatography 4. Capillary gas-chromatography 5. Sample preparation and injection 6. Detectors (Chapter and 3 in The essence
More informationChromatographic Separation
What is? is the ability to separate molecules using partitioning characteristics of molecule to remain in a stationary phase versus a mobile phase. Once a molecule is separated from the mixture, it can
More informationCOPYRIGHTED MATERIAL INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION It is hard to imagine an organic analytical laboratory without a gas chromatograph. In a very short time, gas chromatography (GC) has become the premier technique for separation
More informationHPLC Background Chem 250 F 2008 Page 1 of 24
HPLC Background Chem 250 F 2008 Page 1 of 24 Outline: General and descriptive aspects of chromatographic retention and separation: phenomenological k, efficiency, selectivity. Quantitative description
More informationCEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis
Updated: 10 December 2014 Print version CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Lecture #24 Special Applications: Chromatographic Retention Time and Environmental Properties (Skoog, nothing)
More informationLuminescence transitions. Fluorescence spectroscopy
Luminescence transitions Fluorescence spectroscopy Advantages: High sensitivity (single molecule detection!) Measuring increment in signal against a dark (zero) background Emission is proportional to excitation
More information7 INSTRUMENTAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
7 INSTRUMENTAL CHROMATOGRAPHY 7.1 Introduction There are two forms of chromatography, very widely used in analytical laboratories, which rely on electronic control of the process and detection of the species.
More informationCEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis
Updated: 10 December 2014 Print version CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Lecture #24 Special Applications: Chromatographic Retention Time and Environmental Properties (Skoog, nothing)
More informationChromatography- Separation of mixtures CHEM 212. What is solvent extraction and what is it commonly used for?
Chromatography- Separation of mixtures CHEM 212 What is solvent extraction and what is it commonly used for? How does solvent extraction work? Write the partitioning coefficient for the following reaction:
More informationHPLC. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Harris Chapter 25
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Harris Chapter 25 12/1/2005 Chem 253 - Chapter 25 1 HPLC Separation of nonvolatile or thermally unstable compounds. If the analyte/sample can be found to be
More informationTrajan SGE GC Columns
Trajan Scientific and Medical Trajan SGE GC Columns Trajan Scientific and Medical Our focus is on developing and commercializing technologies that enable analytical systems to be more selective, sensitive
More informationCHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETER
22 CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETER 22.1 INTRODUCTION We know that the biochemistry or biological chemistry deals with the study of molecules present in organisms. These molecules are called as biomolecules
More informationChromatography. Chromatography is a combination of two words; * Chromo Meaning color * Graphy representation of something on paper (writing)
Chromatography Chromatography is a combination of two words; * Chromo Meaning color * Graphy representation of something on paper (writing) Invention of Chromatography Mikhail Tswett invented chromatography
More informationTheory and Instrumentation of GC. Chromatographic Parameters
Theory and Instrumentation of GC Chromatographic Parameters i Wherever you see this symbol, it is important to access the on-line course as there is interactive material that cannot be fully shown in this
More informationTHE NEW QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ULTRATRACE SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL GAS
International Gas Union Research Conference 14 THE NEW QUANTITATIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ULTRATRACE SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL GAS Main author Hironori IMANISHI Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. JAPAN himanishi@tokyo-.co.jp
More informationGas chromatography. Flow measurement. Flow control. Injection methods. Flow measurement
Gas chromatography Schematic of a packed column gas chromatograph First instrumental chromatographic method developed commercially. Reason - it is relatively easy to produce a stable flow and pressure
More informationLiquid Chromatography
Liquid Chromatography 1. Introduction and Column Packing Material 2. Retention Mechanisms in Liquid Chromatography 3. Method Development 4. Column Preparation 5. General Instrumental aspects 6. Detectors
More informationYokogawa Analytical Systems Inc., Nakacho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo , Japan.
Determination of organochlorine pesticides in river water by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry using large volume injection Sadao Nakamura,* Takashi Yamagami and Shigeki
More informationChromatography: basic principles
Chromatography: basic principles Chromatographic theory is the basis for the development of chromatographic instrumentation and, ultimately, for the application of chromatography to all types of separation
More informationChapter 23 Introduction to Analytical Separations
Chapter 23 Introduction to Analytical Separations Homework Due Monday April 24 Problems 23-1, 23-2, 23-7, 23-15, 23-27, 23-29, 23-32 Analytical Separations: Universal approach to analyzing complex mixtures
More informationHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography
High Performance Liquid Chromatography What is HPLC? It is a separation technique that involves: Injection of small volume of liquid sample Into a tube packed with a tiny particles (stationary phase).
More informationGet Selective. By Jaap de Zeeuw
34 Get Selective Modern narrow bore columns have made chromatographers lazy when it comes to stationary phase selection. Here s how getting back to basics in gas chromatography by using selectivity can
More informationOpen Column Chromatography, GC, TLC, and HPLC
Open Column Chromatography, GC, TLC, and HPLC Murphy, B. (2017). Introduction to Chromatography: Lecture 1. Lecture presented at PHAR 423 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago. USES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
More informationSecrets of GC Column Dimensions
Secrets of GC Column Dimensions GC Columns and Consumables Simon Jones Application Engineer May 20, 2008 Slide 1 Secrets of GC Column Dimensions Do I have the right column phase? Resolution Equation Changes
More information