Bonding. October 20, Intro to Ionic Bonds Honors.notebook
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1 Bonding Power Standards 1. OBJ: Students will be able to identify an ionic compound 2. OBJ: Students will be able to write out an ionic compounds in name and formula. 3. OBJ: Students will be able to characterize an ionic compound as ionic crystal. 4. OBJ: Students will be able to identify a covalent compound. 5. OBJ: Students will be able to write out a covalent compound in name and formula. 6. OBJ: Students will be able to identify an acid. 7. OBJ: Students will be able to write out an acid in name and formula. 8. OBJ: Student will be able to calculate the percent composition of an atom based on atomic mass. 9. OBJ: Student will be able to calculate percent composition based on quantities. Minor Standards (discuss but will not be the focus of a summative assessment) a. OBJ: Properties of ionic compounds as a result of being a crystal. (Melting point, dissociation via dissolving) b. OBJ: Students will understand properties of covalent compounds as a result of being a molecule (melting point, intermolecular forces) c. OBJ: Write lewis structures. d. OBJ: Students will understand polarity Oct 24 9:53 PM 1
2 H + O H Types of Bonds O H H Jun 8 8:10 AM 2
3 The Big Picture Chemical Bonds Ionic (transfer e ) Identify Name/formula Properties Acids Covalent (share e ) Identify Properties Name/formula cation/anion oxy acid binary (non oxy) Oct 19 2:56 PM 3
4 CHEMICAL BONDS the attractive force holding atoms together At 4 forces in nature: Nuclear Force: Very strong forces holding nucleus together Electrostatic attraction: the attraction of positive and negative particles together Gravitational: Mass attracting to other masses. (Weak force) Planets Magnetic force chemical bond 4
5 Bond Types Ionic Covalent Metallic Valence e transfer Valence e shared "Sea" of electrons Good conductors chemical bond 5
6 OBJ: Students will be able to identify an ionic compound Which of these are ionic (salts) compounds? CaBr 2 H 2 O C 6 H 14 NaC 2 H 3 O 2 CsF FeO 3 AgCl I 2 KNO 3 SO 2 "I'm positive!" Determine ionic salts 6
7 OBJ: Students will be able to identify an ionic compound cation positive ion loss of e metal Ionic Cation = Anion Na +1 Cl 1 Metal (cation) bonded to a non metal (anion) anion negative ion gain of e nonmetal A family might fill role of cation or anion NH +1 NO 1 3 H +1 non metal caltions ionic bonds/ions 7
8 Formation of an Ionic Substance Ionic bonds 8
9 Ionic vs. Covalent formula unit vs. molecule Examples of ionic bonds 9
10 Naming Ionic Compounds 1. What is the correct name for PbO 2? 2. What is the correct chemical formula for iron(iii) sulfide? 3. Explain why the name magnesium chloride does not contain a Roman numeral. Oct 20 1:13 PM 10
11 Naming Ionic Compounds 1. What is the correct name for PbO 2? 2. What is the correct chemical formula for iron(iii) sulfide? 3. Explain why the name magnesium chloride does not contain a Roman numeral. Oct 20 1:13 PM 11
12 Ions to memorize Look for patterns know common ions N Oct 28 9:27 AM 12
13 Sample quiz questions: Write the formula or the name: C 2 H 3 O 2 1 Nitrate SO 4 2 Phosphite OH 1 Oct 29 8:27 AM 13
14 Intro to Ionic Bonds Honors.notebook OBJ: Students will be able to characterize an ionic compound as ionic crystal. Ionic compounds form uniform crystalline structures (lattice) In NaCl, there are many Na and many Cl one plane of NaCl Ionic formulas always simplest ratio NaCl means there is 1 Na for every Cl CaF2 means there is 1 Ca for every 2 F CaF2 CaF2 CsCl lattice Why don't we write Na2Cl2 or Na100Cl100? always simplest ratio Ionic bonds 14
15 Intro to Ionic Bonds Honors.notebook OBJ: Properties of ionic compounds as a result of being a crystal. (Melting point, dissociation via dissolving) Properties of Ionic Salts 1.High melting and boiling points a lot of energy holds cations and anions together many opposite charges held close together 2.Hard but brittle Slight shift will line up repulsive forces Difficult to move (hard) but falls apart completely if shifted (brittle) repulsive forces attractive forces 3. Solubility salts soluble dissolves in water ions dissociate (separate) will conduct electricity electrolyte insoluble doesn't dissolve ionic attraction is greater than water's polarity does not conduct electricity water "pulls" apart non electrolyte water can't "pull" this apart Properties of Ionic Salts 15
16 What factors affect the melting point of ionic compounds? 1. Difference of Charge 2. Atomic Radius 1. Difference of Charge more +'s to more 's have higher melting point Practice: Assign charges Rank order of increasing melting point. Assign charges Ca +2 P 3 4 Rank Na +1 I 1 Mg +2 SO 2 4 Mg +2 Cl 1 Al +3 N 3 1 (lowest) (highest) Ionic bonds 16
17 What factors affect the melting point of ionic compounds? 1. Difference of Charge 2. Atomic Radius 2. Atomic Radius NaF NaCl NaBr NaI larger atomic radius = weaker bonds Practice: CaCl 2 NaCl NaF AlCl 3 AlP Charges Ca +2 Cl 1 Na +1 Cl 1 Na +1 F 1 Al +3 Cl 1 Al +3 P 3 Look at charge first Then look at radius with same charge difference (+1, 1) Weaker (larger) melts at lower temperature Ionic bonds 17
18 Dissolving Ionic Crystals now/chemistry of water Electrostatic attraction hold ions together, How are ionic substances affected by other +/ in solutions? salt will break apart(dissolve) water (H 2 O) Do you see how a substance might become saturated? Electrostatic attraction pull apart the salt Ionic bonds 18
19 Dissolve in non polar solvent? Nonpolar No attraction No reason for ions to separate Ionic bonds 19
20 ionic crystals dissociate in solution NaCl Na +1 + Cl 1 Na 3 PO 4 3 Na +1 + PO 4 3 solid ions free ions (liquid/aqueous) Oct 26 8:13 PM 20
21 Properties of ionic solutions charged ions conduct e pure water does not conduct electricity (non electrolyte) dissolve some ionic compound in water and it conducts electricity (electrolyte) requirement for a solution to conduct electricity: free moving charges Oct 26 8:17 PM 21
22 Oct 29 8:45 AM 22
23 Review 1.Write the formula for the compound with the following ions:3 Ba +2 I 1 Al +3 C 2 O 4 2 NH 4 +1 CrO 4 2 Ba +2 S 2 Sn +4 CO Write the formula for the compound with the following names: (hint write ions first) Nickel (II) Carbonate magnesium cyanide Iron (III) silicate 3.Write the correct compound name of the following: SnCl 2 Ag 2 SO 3 CuCl Oct 31 11:21 AM 23
24 Review 1.Write the formula for the compound with the following names: (hint write ions first) Nickel (II) Carbonate magnesium cyanide Iron (III) silicate 2.Write the correct compound name of the following: SnCl 2 Ag 2 SO 3 CuCl Oct 31 11:21 AM 24
25 Reviewing types of chemical bonds (Move each statement under the correct category.) IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS Each element has a charge Opposite charges attract Polar or nonpolar Use empirical formula Use molecular formula Two non metals combine A metal and a non metal combine Forms molecules that have intermolecular forces Electrons are transferred Electrons are shared Forms large crystalline structure review ionic and covalent 25
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Solubility Equilibria. Dissolving a salt... Chem 30S Review Solubility Rules. Solubility Equilibrium: Dissociation = Crystalization
Chem 30S Review Solubility Rules Solubility Equilibria Salts are generally more soluble in HOT water(gases are more soluble in COLD water) Alkali Metal salts are very soluble in water. NaCl, KOH, Li 3
Ionic Bonds. H He: ... Li Be B C :N :O :F: :Ne:
Ionic Bonds Valence electrons - the electrons in the highest occupied energy level - always electrons in the s and p orbitals - maximum of 8 valence electrons - elements in the same group have the same