Molecules Compounds chemical bonds

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1 Chemical Bonds Molecules are made up of more than one atom. Compounds are made up of more than one element. When atoms combine to make molecules, they form chemical bonds. Types of Bonds: Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Metallic Bonds

2 Types of Chemical Bonds Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Metallic Bond

3 Relative Strengths of Bonds Ionic Bond Strongest Covalent Bond Metallic Bond Weakest

4 Chemical Bonding is represented using Lewis Dot Diagrams. REMINDERS: (do not need to write) Valence electrons (dots) are placed around the four sides of the element symbol. Electrons (dots) begin to pair up only when no more single spaces are left. Single dots show where the atom can form a chemical bond.

5 ***Lewis Dot Structures

6

7 Ionic Bond: an attractive force between a metal and a nonmetal.

8 Structure of Ionic Bonds Crystalline in Structure Form lattices Relatively high melting and boiling points Brittle the lattice can be broken if enough external force applied Conduct electricity only when melted or dissolved in water Many (not all) are soluble in water those that dissolve in water form solutions that conduct electricity are electrolytes (particles that conduct electricity in solution)

9 Oxidation Numbers

10 Bond Formation: occurs when electrons are transferred forms ions that attract each other opposite charges attract

11

12 Ionic Bonding Transfer of electrons From metal non-metal Results from the electrostatic charge between a metal ion (cation - positive charge) and a non-metal ion (anion negative charge) This means that we are transfering from positive to negative oxidation numbers The overall number of negative and positive charges must be the same aka they must cancel out and equal zero

13

14 Time to Practice You need a Bonding Basics handout We will be using this for the entire unit. You are completing Basics and Section B today

15 Test Analysis Pick up a test analyis sheet Pick up your bubble sheet from the back Find two different colors I will put the key on the board

16 No Ions!

17 What does a chemical formula tell you? 1) Number and type of atoms. 2) Type of ions. 3) Formula mass Write this slide! The title and 1-3

18 **Write this slide!** Writing Binary Formulas: The Steps 1)Write the metal first, then the nonmetal. Al3+ O2-2) Switch the charge values except if they can be reduced. Al23+ O32Notice: The sum of the charges equals zero. 2(+3) + 3(-2) (+6) + (-6) = 0 3) Write the formula without the charges. Al2O3 *****PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT!!!

19 Do this for the 6 ionic bonds in your pink packet.

20 **Write this slide!** Name the metal, then the nonmetal; change ending to ide. KI potassium iodide Ca3N2 calcium nitride BaCl2 barium chloride NaH sodium hydride

21 **Write this slide!** Practice: Binary Ionic Compounds 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) CaBr2 Na2S AgCl SrBr2 Al2O3 Li2S = Calcium Bromide

22 Practice: Binary Ionic Compounds 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) CaBr2 Na2S AgCl SrBr2 Al2O3 Li2S Calcium Bromide Sodium Sulfide Silver Chloride Strontium Bromide Aluminum Oxide Lithium Sulfide

23 **Write this slide!** Writing Binary Ionic Compounds Sodium chloride Calcium bromide Potassium nitride Aluminum sulfide Barium iodide Lithium Oxide NaCl

24 Writing Binary Ionic Compounds Calcium bromide NaCl CaBr2 Potassium nitride K 3N Aluminum sulfide Al2S3 Barium iodide BaI2 Lithium Oxide Li2O Sodium chloride

25 Polyatomic Ions This chart is on the back of your orange table OR on the white periodic table

26 **Write this slide!** Combining Polyatomic Ions More than one CAPITAL LETTER next to each other Will end in -ate or -ite Exceptions: Hydroxide, Ammonium If more than one polyatomic ion, use ( )

27 Aluminum Sulfate For every 2 aluminum ions (Al3+), you need 3 sulfate ions (SO42-). The combined charges add up to zero. **Write the example below!**

28 **Write this slide!** Practice: Write the Compound *remember, first element is USUALLY on P. Table, Second is polyatomic ion because it ends in -ate, -ite or is hydroxide Potassium nitrate Sodium phosphate Calcium hydroxide Ammonium sulfate Both of these are on the polyatomic ion chart!

29 Practice: Write the Compound Potassium nitrate = KNO3 Sodium phosphate = Calcium hydroxide = Na3PO4 Ca(OH)2 Ammonium sulfate = (NH4)2SO4

30 Metallic Bonding

31 Metallic Bonding

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