Welcome to Chemistry 106 John Keller

Transcription

1 Welcome to hemistry John Keller Syllabus: Text, clickers, OWL, grading, help ourse coverage Fall 2010 hem 105: ow did it turn out? What do I need to remember hem 105? OWL: hapter 10 Organic hemistry 1/21/2011 1

2 Syllabus 1/21/2011 2

3 Extra help: Find the ones that suit you, and use them early in the semester. Problem/Review session Tuesdays 8:10-9:10 PM (201 Reic) JK office hour Thursdays 8:10-9:10 PM (161 Reic) OWL tutorials and exercises hem 106 teaching assistants office hours (ANY) office hours posted on Blackboard hemistry tutors and computers available in 170 Reichardt Your teaching assistant: extra time in lab and office hours Your text! 1/21/2011 3

4 Real-Time licker Registration You may use the OWL applet, or send it to me by . We will do this again in class Tuesday. Serious clicking will begin Tuesday, Feb. 1, by which time you should have your clicker registered with JK. 1/21/2011 4

5 lion : pride :: elephant : 1. pack family 3. herd brood 1 pack family herd brood 1/21/2011 5

6 Exam 1 Exam 2 Exam 3 1/21/2011 6

7 JK s hem 105 Fall 2010 lass ow Did It Turn Out? American hemical Society Examinations Institute First Term General hemistry Exam hem 105 ave = 57.5% 955 chem students nationwide ave = 55.4% 1/21/2011 7

8 AS Final Exam Results by Question 1/21/ The same topics that are hard or easy for YOU, are hard or easy for students NATIONWIDE!

9 What do I need to remember from hem 105? Significant Figures, Dimensional analysis and Units Names and formulas of ions and ionic compounds Balancing chemical equations Using mole ratios in stoichiometry problems Molarity and using it in dilution problems Ideal gas equation: anytime we discuss P, T and moles of gases. And others 1/21/2011 9

10 2. hapter 10 arbon compounds and organic chemistry Why is carbon unique? 25,000,000 known organic compounds. Formulas in organic chemistry ydrocarbons Structural Isomers Alkenes Geometric Isomers 1/21/

11 arbon is extremely versatile due to having: 1) four bonds and 2) strong bond 1) ompared to other Period 2 atoms, carbon forms most number of bonds (4) (with formal charge = 0). B N O F N O 1/21/

12 lasses of organic compounds for hem 106 ydrocarbons: alkane, cycloalkane, alkene, alkyne, aromatic (,) alkane, cycloalkane, alkene, alkyne, aromatic 1/21/

13 lasses of organic compounds for hem 106 Oxygen containing: alcohol, ether, ketone, carboxylic acid (,,O) O O O 1/21/

14 hemical formulas vary in information content Example: Acetone (the common solvent) Molecular formula is just a LIST of atoms present 3 6 O ondensed formula lists groups of bonded atoms present 3 O 3 Structural formula (or Lewis structure) shows all bonds and (usually) lone pair electrons. O Perspective drawing (or stereochemical structure) shows 3D arrangement of atoms. Line is in plane of paper ( ), WEDGE is UP ( ). DAS is DOWN ( ) O 1/21/

15 Organic chemists often use skeletal formulas Many s & s are not shown. Each vertex = one atom # s can be added to obey Octet Rule. N, O, F, atoms must be shown explicitly Each = or bond must be shown O 3 O O O 3 1/21/

16 ydrocarbons Alkanes all sp 3 carbons ycloalkanes all sp 3 carbons in a ring Alkenes one(or more) = bond (sp 2 ) Alkynes one(or more) bond (sp ) n 2n+2 n 2n (one ring) n 2n (one =) n 2n 2 (one ) NB: OWL would call a cycloalkane an alkane because it contains all sp 3 carbons. 1/21/

17 A molecular formula can refer to several different structural isomers. For example 4 10 Fill in s to make 4 bonds to. Gives 10 s either way. ( 6 14 on the board 5 isomers.) 1/21/

18 Isomers differ in the way they are put together, or the order in which the atoms are connected. This is the topology of the molecule, rather than its shape. One isomer of 7 16 These are NOT isomers: they all have essentially the SAME linear chain of 7 carbon atoms. 1/21/

19 eptane molecular dynamics yperhem software using Molecular Mechanics method omputer, Molecular Dynamics, 1 ps, T = 1300 K This shows typical behavior of a molecule in the gas phase, which is a combination of many vibrational and rotational motions. 1/21/

20 20 9 isomers of heptane

21 ow many isomers of pentane ( 5 12 )are there? 1. one two 3. three four 5. five six one two three four five six 1/21/

22 Alkane names are based on length of longest chain Need to know 1 10 names. not obvious need to learn if you don t know them The usual Greek roots 1/21/