H 3 C. staggered H 2 C
|
|
- Silvester Willis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EMISTRY 104 elp Sheet #3 Organic-Part II: ISOMERS (Text: h 2: 2.9, h 6: 6.11, 6.5, h 7: 7.2f) Do topics appropriate for your lecture Prepared by Dr. Tony Jacob (Resource page) Nuggets: Isomers (the instructor will clarify which isomers are covered) ISOMERS Molecules with the same formula but different connectivities or different arrangements in space; (molecules that have different formulas, e.g., 6 12 and 6 14, are not isomers) I. STRUTURAL = ONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERS: same formula, different bonding/connectivities; Example 1: Draw the two different structural/constitutional isomers of Answer 1: butane = and 2-methylpropane = II. STEREOISOMERS: same formula, same bonding/connectivities but different spatial arrangements (positions) of the atoms A. onformational Isomers: isomers differ because of a rotation through a s-bond; e.g., versus versions of butane shown as a Newman Projection and dash-wedge: Note: onformational isomers and Newman Projections are sometimes presented in lab and often not during whole-class session; they are not emphasized Newman Projections can also be drawn: B. GEOMETRI ISOMERS - versus configuration 1. ALKENES: Does the molecule have geometric isomers? riteria: 1. Does it contain a = (or a double bond between other atoms) 2. On each of the =, there must be 2 different groups (one of these groups maybe a pair e - ). Both criteria must be true for a molecule to have / isomers. The molecule below does not have / isomers Dash-Wedge Diagrams no or {Above molecule does have a double bond and meets the first criteria. The left atom of the = bond does have 2 different groups (it has a 3 and a 2 3 group) but the right atom of the = has two atoms (same group; needs different groups on each of the =).}
2 GEOMETRI ISOMERS (continued): versus configuration If molecule has geometric isomers, is it or? Molecule below has a double bond (satisfies the first criteria) and each of the = has two different groups (each has a and a 3 group; satisfies the second criteria) 1. Draw a line through = bond 2. ind the 2 groups that are the same of the = and circle them; if they re on the same side of the line isomer; different sides isomer GEOMETRI ISOMERS - versus configuration 2. yclic Structures: Does the molecule have geometric isomers? Note: yclic Geometric Isomers is sometimes presented in lab and often not during wholeclass session; they are not emphasized. riteria: 1. Is the molecule a ring in which atoms or groups can move to or positions relative to the plane of the ring?. OPTIAL ISOMERS/ENANTIOMER PAIRS Enantiomers are chiral (pronounced kī-ral) molecules (i.e., they have a chiral center). riteria: To have a chiral center, an atom, often, must have 4 different groups attached to it. (Note: there are exceptions to this usually not covered in hem 104.) If a single atom has 4 different groups attached, the molecule will be chiral have a non-superimposable mirror image the two mirror images are called enantiomer pairs (pronounced en-nan-tee-oh-mer) The enantiomer pairs (mirror image molecules) will be optically active, i.e., interacts with light have the same physical properties; i.e., same boiling points, D, etc. may differ in their chemical reactivity rotate plane-polarized light in different directions (clockwise and counterclockwise) Must check every atom; if a single atom has 4 different groups attached the molecule is chiral. Example 2: Is 2,3,4-trimethylpentane chiral? Answer 2: No here s why mirror enantiomers - mirror images not a chiral molecule these 5 atoms have more than one atom attached these 2 atoms have two 3 groups attached (circled) this atom has two ( 3 ) 2 groups attached (circled) Example 3: Is 2,3-dimethylpentane chiral? Answer 3: Yes here s why * chiral molecule these 6 atoms have more than one atom or 3 group attached this atom has 4 different groups attached and is a chiral center; chiral centers are denoted with an asterisk (*); the 4 different groups attached are:, 3, 2 3, ( 3 ) 2 (circled)
3 Isomer Summary hemicals (same chemical formula?) No Not Isomers Yes Isomers When comparing two molecules, do they have the same bonding/connectivity? No Structural/onstitutional Isomers Yes Stereoisomers see below 4 10 = butane 4 10 = 2-methylpropane onformational Isomers (e.g., and conformations; not emphasized) Stereoisomers Geometric Isomers (contains a double bond or a ring; /) Enantiomers (nearly always contains a with 4 different groups attached; nonsuperimposible mirror images) 3 Newman Projections (not emphasized) Alkenes 3 O O Dash-Wedge Diagrams 3 yclic (not emphasized) A methodology to draw all structural or structural+geometric isomers of a given molecular formula is on the last two pages of this elp Sheet. 1. Draw and name all 3 structural isomers for Use line notation. (orrectly naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) 2. Draw and name all 8 structural isomers for Use line notation. (orrectly naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) 3. Draw and name all 5 structural isomers for 3 6. Use line notation. (orrectly naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) 4. Draw and name all 6 structural and geometric alkene isomers (/) with the formula 5 10 ; do not include cycloalkanes. (orrectly naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) 5. Which molecule is chiral? Select answer e if none are chiral. a. O b. c. O d. e. none are chiral
4 6. Identify which of the following molecules have chiral centers; there may be more than one molecule. O O a. I b c d e. 7. Which molecule is a structural isomer of -2-butene? a. b. c. d. e. 8. Draw and name all 8 alcohol isomers that can be derived from 5 11 O. (Naming the isomers helps to prevent drawing duplicate structures.) ANSWERS 1. pentane; 2-methylbutane; 2,2-dimethylpropane 2. 1-chloropentane; 2-chloropentane; 3-chloropentane ; 1-chloro-2-methylbutane; 1-chloro-3-methylbutane; 2-chloro-2-methylbutane; 2-chloro-3-methylbutane; 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane 3. 1-bromo-1-chloropropane; 1-bromo-2-chloropropane; 1-bromo-3-chloropropane; 2-bromo-1-chloropropane; 2-bromo-2-chloropropane 4. 1-pentene; -2-pentene; -2-pentene; 2-methyl-1-butene; 3-methyl-1-butene; 2-methyl-2-butene
5 O 5. c {need to find a atom with 4 different groups attached to it; the chiral is denoted with an * ; note the 4 different groups attached to that atom:, 3, 2 O, 2 ( 3 ) 2 } 6. a, d, and e have optical isomers 7. b {-2-butene has this structure: and a formula: 4 8 ; a has a formula = 4 10 isomers must have the same formula; b has the same formula and a different structure; c is the version of -2-butene so it is a geometric isomer not a structural isomer; d has a formula = 5 10 isomers must have the same formula; e has a formula = 5 8 isomers must have the same formula} * 8. O O 1-pentanol 2-pentanol O 3-pentanol O O 2-methyl-1-butanol O 3-methyl-1-butanol 2-methyl-2-butanol O 3-methyl-2-butanol O 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol
6 Ex: Draw all structural isomers with the formula ow to systematically draw structural isomers 1. Determine whether the molecule is an alkane, alkene, etc. Since occupies one site on a atom, it is similar to a atom. ence, the formula, 5 11 is analogous to 5 12 which corresponds to a n 2n+2 formula alkane so 5 11 is also an alkane. 2. Start with the longest chain; in this example, a 5- chain: 3. Place the atom at the far left end of the chain: and name the molecule: 1-chloropentane. 4. Take the for a walk down the chain naming each new molecule: 2-chloropentane 3-chloropentane named incorrectly: 4-chloropentane appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 2-chloropentane named incorrectly: 5-chloropentane appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 1-chloropentane 5. Once you have identified all 5- chain molecules reduce the chain to a 4- chain. 6. There are now 2 groups to work with: a and a 3 group. The 3 group cannot be placed on either end of the chain otherwise the chain becomes a 5- chain again which is already done. The should be placed on the far left end of the chain. name the molecule: 1-chloro-2-methylbutane 7. Take the for a walk down the 4- chain naming each new molecule: 2-chloro-2-methylbutane 2-chloro-3-methylbutane 1-chloro-3-methylbutane 8. Move the 3 group to the next position on the chain; this position is still in position 2 (reading right to left) so all the next molecules will be duplicates. ence, all 4- chain isomers have been identified and now reduce the chain to a 3- chain. 9. Note: There are now 3 groups to work on: a and two 3 groups. The 3 groups cannot be placed on either end of the chain otherwise the chain becomes a 4- chain again which is already done so they must go on the middle ; the is placed on the far left end of the chain. name the molecule: 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane 10. Take the for a walk down the 3- chain naming each new molecule: 2-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane Note: this molecule is NOT allowed since the middle atom has 5 bonds! named incorrectly: 3-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane 11. inally check to see if the 2 3 groups can be combined into a 2- ethyl group and start the at the far left end of the chain: 5- chains: 4- chains: 3- chains: named incorrectly: 1-chloro-2-ethylpropane appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 1-chloro-2-methylbutane 1-chloropentane 2-chloropentane 3-chloropentane 1-chloro-2-methylbutane 2-chloro-2-methylbutane 2-chloro-3-methylbutane 1-chloro-3-methylbutane 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane
7 ow to systematically draw structural AND geometric isomers Ex: Draw all structural and geometric isomers with the formula 4 7 ; don t include cyclic compounds. 1. Determine whether the molecule is an alkane, alkene, etc. Since occupies one site on a atom, it is similar to a atom. ence, the formula, 4 7 is analogous to 4 8 which corresponds to a n 2n formula alkene so 4 7 is also an alkene. 2. Start with the longest chain; in this example, a 4- chain: 3. Place the atom and the double bond at the far left end of the chain: and name the molecule: 1-chloro-1-butene. 4. heck for / isomers; this molecule has / isomers; draw the other isomer by flipping one pair of atoms on one of the = double; rename as -1-chloro-1-butene 5. name the molecule: -1-chloro-1-butene 6. Take the for a walk down the chain naming each new molecule and checking for / isomers: 2-chloro-1-butene (no / isomers) 3-chloro-1-butene (no / isomers) 4-chloro-1-butene (no / isomers) 7. ing the back to the far left side of the chain and move the double bond. Take the for a walk down the chain naming each new molecule and checking for / isomers: 1-chloro-2-butene; has /: rename as -1-chloro-2-butene -1-chloro-2-butene 2-chloro-2-butene; has /: rename as -2-chloro-2-butene -2-chloro-2-butene named incorrectly: 3-chloro-2-butene appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: -2-chloro-2-butene named incorrectly: 4-chloro-2-butene appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: -1-chloro-2-butene 8. Once you have identified all 4- chain molecules reduce the chain to a 3- chain. 9. There are 3 groups to work with:, 3 group, and a double bond. The 3 group cannot be placed on either end of the chain otherwise it becomes a 4- chain and must be placed on position 2; the is placed on the far left end of the chain; the double bond is placed in position 1. name the molecule: 1-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene (no / isomers) 10. Take the for a walk down the 3- chain naming each new molecule: 2-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene Note: this molecule is NOT allowed since the middle atom has 5 bonds! 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene (no / isomers) 11. Move the double bond to the next position and bring the back to the far left position: named incorrectly: 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propene appears to be a new isomer duplicate; correctly named: 3-chloro-2-methyl-1- propene 12. The next two positions will yield duplicate isomers. The 3 cannot be moved from the second position without increasing the chain length, and a 2- chain is not possible. Done! 4- chains: -1-chloro-1-butene -1-chloro-1-butene 2-chloro-1-butene 3-chloro-1-butene 4-chloro-1-butene -1-chloro-2-butene -1-chloro-2-butene -2-chloro-2-butene -2-chloro-2-butene 3- chains: 1-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene
Topic 1.5 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Introduction to Organic Chemistry Nomenclature Isomerism
Topic 1.5 INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY Introduction to Organic hemistry Nomenclature Isomerism 1. arbon compounds INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds.
More informationChemistry 102 Organic Chemistry: Introduction to Isomers Workshop
Chemistry 102 Organic Chemistry: Introduction to Isomers Workshop What are isomers? Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different arrangements of atoms. There are different types
More informationa. Does the model have a plane of symmetry? Yes No The central carbon is said to be a stereocenter, stereogenic center, or chiral carbon.
Name: TA Name Lab Section: Day Time OPTICAL ISOMERISM 1. Construct a model that has a central carbon atom with 4 different colored spheres attached to it, representing four different atoms or groups. Draw
More informationLesson 4. Molecular Geometry and Isomers II. Lesson 4 CH 3 HO H OH
Lesson 4 Molecular Geometry and Isomers II 4 Lesson 4 3 O O 3 Organic Edge A. Structural Isomers (onstitutional Isomers) 1. Structural isomers are molecules that share the same molecular formula but differ
More informationSTEREOCHEMISTRY A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: STEREOCHEMISTRY 1. Determine the relationship between two given structures (which may be any of the kinds below). Also, define the following terms, and give examples of pairs
More informationStereochemistry CHAPTER SUMMARY
2 7 2 7. Introduction APTER SUMMARY Isomers are compounds with identical molecular formulas but different structural formulas. Structural or constitutional isomers differ in the bonding arrangement of
More informationCHAPTER 24 Organic Chemistry
CHAPTER 24 rganic Chemistry 1. The general formula for alkenes is A. C n H 2n+2 B. C 2n H 2n C. C n H n+2 D. C n H 2n E. C n H 2n 2 2. The general formula of an alkane is A. C n H 2n B. C n H 2n+2 C. C
More informationUnit 7 Part 1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Nomenclature and Isomerism in Simple Organic Compounds UNIT 7 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit 7 Part 1 Introduction to Organic hemistry Nomenclature and Isomerism in Simple Organic ompounds UNIT 7 INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY PART 1 NOMENLATURE AND ISOMERISM IN SIMPLE ORGANI MOLEULES ontents
More informationIsomerism in Alkanes, Haloalkanes, and Alkenes using Molecular Models
EXPERIMENT 1 Isomerism in Alkanes, aloalkanes, and Alkenes using Molecular Models Materials Needed - Molecular model kit Relevant Textbook Reading Denniston, chap 11.2-11.4, 12.1-12.3 Background In uncharged,
More informationChapter Organic Chemistry Basics
29 Chapter Organic Chemistry Basics 2. A similarity between optical and geometrical isomerism is that [2002] (a) each forms equal number of isomers for a given compound (b) if in a compound one is present
More informationConstitutional Isomers and Conformations of Alkanes & Cycloalkanes
Discovering Molecular Models #1: Constitutional Isomers Conformations of Alkanes & Cycloalkanes There are no additional tutorial or laboratory notes. Read bring your course notes, as they provide all of
More informationConstitutional Isomers and Conformations of Alkanes & Cycloalkanes
Discovering Molecular Models #1: Constitutional Isomers Conformations of Alkanes & Cycloalkanes There are no additional tutorial or laboratory notes. Read bring your course notes, as they provide all of
More informationCH 3. Section Resources
22.3 1 FOCUS Objectives 22.3.1 Explain why structural isomers have different properties. 22.3.2 Describe the conditions under which geometric isomers are possible. 22.3.3 Identify optical isomers. Guide
More informationLecture 4: 12.4 Isomerism
Lecture 4: 12.4 Isomerism Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to : Define isomerism. Explain constitutional isomerism. chain isomers positional isomers functional group
More informationChemistry M11 Spring 2010 Examination #3 ANSWER KEY pp. 1
Chemistry M11 Spring 2010 Examination #3 ASWER KEY pp. 1 or Questions 1 2, consider the hydrogenation of trans-3-methyl-2-pentene in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. 1. C Determine the major
More informationSTEREOCHEMISTRY. 2. Define the following, and tell whether or not a given compound or structure fits the description or possesses the feature.
A STUDENT SOULD BE ABLE TO: STEREOEMISTRY 1. Determine the relationship between two given structures (which may be any of the kinds below). Also, define each of the following terms, and give examples of
More informationNames. Chiral: A chiral object is not superimposable upon its mirror image. A chiral object contains the property of "handedness.
CEM 241 IN-CLASS #3 MOLECULAR MODELS EXERCISE Names Stereoisomerism Construct a model containing a tetrahedral carbon (black ball) that is attached to four different atoms (use the green, orange, purple
More informationAssigning Stereochemistry I What is stereochemistry?
S. Lievens, March 0 University of alifornia, Davis For use in UDavis hemistry 8/8 Series Assigning Stereochemistry I What is stereochemistry? Types of isomers As organic molecules get larger (more than
More informationSTRUCTURE, ISOMERISM AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
II STRUCTURE, ISOMERISM AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS I. OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND This exercise will give you an opportunity to experience the three-dimensional nature of molecules and to visualize
More informationA. They all have a benzene ring structure in the molecule. B. They all have the same molecular formula. C. They all have carbon and hydrogen only
Ch 21 G12 CoreI- Choose the best answer, then transfer your answers to page (1) [32 marks; 2 each] 1. What characteristic do all aromatic hydrocarbons share? A. They all have a benzene ring structure in
More information(1) Check to see if the two compounds are identical. (2) Recall the definitions of stereoisomers, conformational isomers, and constitutional isomers.
MCAT Organic Chemistry Problem Drill 04: Stereochemistry Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. Determine the relationship of the molecules shown: O O Question #01 (A) Identical (B) Constitutional isomers (C)
More informationOrganic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing.
Chapter 21 Lecture Notes Organic Chemistry Intro Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing. The Bonding of Carbon Because carbon has four valence electrons, it can form covalent bonds.
More informationExperiment 8 Optical Isomers. In this experiment you will be given the opportunity to see the 3-dimensional aspects of
Experiment 8 Optical Isomers In this experiment you will be given the opportunity to see the 3-dimensional aspects of stereochemistry and optical isomers. Previously in class you were exposed to the concept
More informationSTEREOCHEMISTRY A STUDENT WHO HAS MASTERED THE MATERIAL IN THIS SECTION SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
STEREOEMISTRY A STUDENT WO AS MASTERED TE MATERIAL IN TIS SETION SOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Determine the relationship between two given structures (which may be any of the kinds below). Also, define each of
More informationAlkenes. Alkenes are unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Alkenes Alkenes Each member contains one double covalent bond between two C atoms. Draw condensed structural formulas of first three members of alkenes family. Alkenes are unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
More informationSuggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises Topic 8 Unit 30
Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises In-text activities Checkpoint (page 60) 1 Any two of the following: 2 a) A 2-bromo-2-methylpropane B 1-bromobutane b) 3 4 a) position isomers
More information9. Stereochemistry: Introduction to Using Molecular Models
9. Stereochemistry: Introduction to Using Molecular Models The first part of this document reviews some of the most important stereochemistry topics covered in lecture. Following the introduction, a number
More informationMOLECULAR MODELS : STEREOISOMERS
MM.1 MOLEULAR MODELS : STEREOISOMERS Note: No pre-laboratory summary is required for this experiment, but there are some topics you most probably need to review from 351 and you may want to start work
More informationChapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Chapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry Functional Group: Be able to identify and name any of the functional groups listed on Table 3.1, pages 76-77. Summary of important functional
More informationtbuo OtBu Br 1) B 2 H 6 /THF OH 2) OH - + H 2 O 2 NaNH 2 NH3 Na NH 3 /-35 C CH 3 CCH 2 CHCH 3
EM 12A Name KEY EXAM II all 2003 1.(16 pts) Draw the structure of the major product expected from each of the following sets of reactants. Specify stereochemistry where appropriate. + 2 Pt + 2 2 2 + enantiomer
More information16.1 Draw Newman projections for these staggered and three eclipsed conformations of 1, 2 - dichlorobutane as viewed downt he central C-C bond.
CAPTER 16 Practice Exercises 16.1 Draw Newman projections for these staggered and three eclipsed conformations of 1, 2 - dichlorobutane as viewed downt he central C-C bond. 16.3 (a) The more stable conformation
More information2. Which one of the following structures represents a different compound from the other three?
1. Provide a Newman projection of the most stable conformation of 2-methylpentane, (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 CH 3, looking along the C2-C3 bond 2. Which one of the following structures represents a different
More informationHYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS
YDROARBON OMPOUNDS hapter Quiz lassify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT. 1. ydrocarbons are unsaturated. 22.2 2. The IUPA name for 3(2)33 is butane. 22.1
More informationCHAPTER 26 STEREOISOMERISM SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS. ƒ C Cl ƒ
EINS26-400-417.v1.qxd 11/9/07 1:13 PM Page 400 APTER 26 STEREOISOMERISM SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. A chiral carbon atom is one to which four different atoms or groups are attached and is a center
More informationIt is possible for organic molecules with the same molecular formula to have different structures
Isomerism It is possible for organic molecules with the same molecular formula to have different structures Definition- Structural isomers: same molecular formula different structures (or structural formulae)
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY CHEM 2210 SECOND REVIEW EXAM FALL *A*
ORGANI EMISTRY EM 2210 SEOND REVIEW EXAM ALL 1999 - *A* 1. What is the IUPA name of the compound shown? O A. cis-1-chloro-4-cyclohexanol B. cis-4-chlorocyclohexanol. trans-1-chloro-4-cyclohexanol trans-4-chlorocyclohexanol
More informationChapter 6. Isomers and Stereochemistry
hapter 6. Isomers and Stereochemistry Learning objectives: 1. Differentiate chiral and achiral molecules. 2. Recognize and draw structural isomers (constitutional isomers), stereoisomers including enantiomers
More informationNational 5 Chemistry. Unit 2 Nature s Chemistry Summary Notes
National 5 Chemistry Unit 2 Nature s Chemistry Summary Notes Success Criteria I am confident that I understand this and I can apply this to problems? I have some understanding but I need to revise this
More informationCHEMpossible. 261 Exam 1 Review
CHEMpossible 261 Exam 1 Review A. Rank the following carboxylic acids from least acidic to most acidic: B. Draw the line-angle formulas for three acylic (non-cyclic) esters with the molecular formula C
More informationMOLECULER MODELS/ISOMERS ORGANIC STRUCTURES AND NAMING
REVISED 10/14 EMISTRY 1101L MOLEULER MODELS/ISOMERS ORGANI STRUTURES AND NAMING NOTE: This lab does not require safety glasses or lab coats. INTRODUTION Electron Dot Structures: Electron dot structures,
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Alkanes molecules consisting of carbons and hydrogens in the following ratio: C n H 2n+2 Therefore, an alkane having 4 carbons would have 2(4) + 2 hydrogens, which equals 10 hydrogens.
More informationChemistry 11 Hydrocarbon Alkane Notes. In this unit, we will be primarily focusing on the chemistry of carbon compounds, also known as.
1 Chemistry 11 Hydrocarbon Alkane Notes In this unit, we will be primarily focusing on the chemistry of carbon compounds, also known as. Why is organic chemistry so important? Many of the compounds that
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Chapter 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Two types Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons 3.1 Alkanes Also referred as aliphatic hydrocarbons General formula: CnH2n+2 (straight chain) and CnH2n (cyclic)
More information1. The barrier to rotation around the C-C bonds for 2-methylpropane and 2,2-dimethylpropane are shown below.
1. The barrier to rotation around the C-C bonds for 2-methylpropane and 2,2-dimethylpropane are shown below. E Rot = 14.2 kj/mol E Rot = 19.6 kj/mol a. Why does the potential energy of a molecule increase
More informationUnit 9. Organic compounds
Unit 9. Organic compounds Index 1.- How to Name Organic Compounds...2 2.- Types of Compounds...3 Exercises...6 Practice exam...9 Page 1 of 11 The IUPAC Naming (nomenclature) System 1.- How to Name Organic
More information3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
3.1 Introduction to Organic hemistry Organic hemistry is the study of carbon chemistry as carbon has the ability to join together in chains, rings, balls etc. arbon also joins with other elements easily
More informationFUNCTIONAL GROUPS Functional Group Suffix Formula Other Info O. Ester. Amide --- R C N R' or R(CO)NR R
EMISTRY 10 elp Sheet # rganic (Part III hapters.7 (condensed, structural drawings, 6.3 (line drawings, 6.9a (benzene, 7.e (hybrid orbitals in organic structures, and Appendix E (functional groups Do topics
More informationChapter 24 From Petroleum to Pharmaceuticals
hapter 24 From Petroleum to Pharmaceuticals 24.1 Petroleum Refining and the ydrocarbons 24.2 Functional Groups and Organic Synthesis 24.3 Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals IR Tutor and Infrared Spectroscopy
More informationChapter 6. Isomers and Stereochemistry
Chapter 6. Isomers and Stereochemistry Learning objectives: 1. Differentiate chiral and achiral molecules. 2. Recognize and draw structural isomers (constitutional isomers), stereoisomers including enantiomers
More informationLab Workshop 1: Nomenclature of alkane and cycloalkanes
Lab Workshop 1: Nomenclature of alkane and cycloalkanes Each student work group choose a Leader (reads activity out loud, poses questions to group), Facilitator (makes sure everyone is participating equally,
More informationCarbon Bonding Isomers Naming Reference Tables Functional Groups. Reactions
arbon Bonding Isomers Naming Reference Tables Functional Groups 2 Reactions Not electrolytes; they do not generally conduct electricity. Low melting points; they are nonpolar with weak forces of attraction.
More informationCHEM120 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY WORK SHEET Answer the following questions with respect to compounds (A) and (B):
EM120 - RGANI EMISTRY WRK SEET 1 1. Answer the following questions with respect to compounds (A) and (B): (B) (A) 5 2 ( 3 ) 2 6 3 2 2 2 ( 3 ) 3 1 2 4 3 () 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 (a) Draw the bond-line notation
More information1. Make two superimposable models of bromochloroiodomethane. Position your models on your desk to prove that they are superimposable.
HM 204 Organic hemistry Introduction to Stereochemistry Recall that two models are identical if they can be superimposed without breaking bonds. Recall that conformations (conformers) are structures that
More informationName. Optical Isomers
Name KEY Lab Day Optical Isomers Introduction: Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same structural formulas, but differ in their spatial arrangements. Two major types of stereoisomers are geometric
More informationChapter 6 Principles of Stereochemistry
6.1 (a) This compound is chiral. Methane is achiral. Instructor Supplemental Solutions to Problems 2010 Roberts and Company Publishers Chapter 6 Principles of Stereochemistry Solutions to In-Text Problems
More informationCHAPTER 5. Stereoisomers
CHAPTER 5 Stereoisomers We have already covered two kinds of isomerism: Constitutional Isomers (structural isomers) Stereoisomers Examples of Constitutional Isomers: Examples of Stereoisomers: Another
More informationClass Activity 5A. Conformations of Alkanes Part A: Acyclic Compounds
Class Activity 5a Conformations of Alkanes Part A: Acyclic Compounds 1 Model 1: Isomers Class Activity 5A Conformations of Alkanes Part A: Acyclic Compounds C C O C C C C C C C O O A B C wedge, bond coming
More informationTime Allowed: 60 minutes MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC AND BIOCHEMISTRY QUIZ 5 Time Allowed: 60 minutes MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is the IUPAC name
More informationCHEMISTRY 104 Practice Problems #1 Organic Chem and Ch. 11 Kinetics Do the topics appropriate for your lecture
EMISTRY 104 Practice Problems #1 rganic hem and h. 11 Kinetics Do the topics appropriate for your lecture Prepared by Dr. Tony Jacob http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/clc (Resource page) Suggestions on preparing
More informationName. Department of Chemistry SUNY/Oneonta. Chem Organic Chemistry I. Examination #3 - November 8, 2004 ANSWERS
Name Department of hemistry SUNY/neonta hem 221 - rganic hemistry I Examination #3 - November 8, 2004 ANSWERS INSTRUTINS --- This examination has two parts. The first part is in multiple choice format;
More informationTopic 5 Stereochemistry and optical isomers Isomerism
Topic 5 Stereochemistry and optical isomers Isomerism Recap lassification of isomers same molecular formula onstitutional Different nature/sequence of bonds Stereoisomers Different arrangement of groups
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Families of Organic Compounds Organic compounds can be grouped into families by their common structural features We shall survey the nature of the compounds in a tour of the families
More informationCH 3 C 2 H 5. Tetrahedral Stereochemistry
Ch 5 Tetrahedral Stereochemistry Enantiomers - Two non-superimposable mirror image molecules - They are stereoisomers with the same atoms and bonds, but different spatial geometries. - The two molecules
More information1. True or false: In a molecule, carbon always forms bonds with four other elements. 5. An unsaturated hydrocarbon must contain a or bond.
APTER 20 Organic hemistry 1. True or false: In a molecule, carbon always forms bonds with four other elements. False 2. A triple bond involves sharing electrons. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 e. 6 3. ydrocarbons
More informationChapter 21: Hydrocarbons Section 21.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
Section 21.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons Section 1 Objectives: Explain the terms organic compound and organic chemistry. Section 21.2 Alkanes Chapter 21: Hydrocarbons Section 21.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
More informationunsaturated (one or more pi bonds) alkanes alkenes alkynes benzene naming alkanes C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12 C 6 H 14 C 7 H 16 C 8 H 18 C 9 H 20 C 10 H 22
hapter 4: Alkanes and ycloalkanes [Sections: 4.1-4.14] Basic Organic ompound Nomenclature hydrocarbons: comprised of just carbon and hydrogen saturated (no pi bonds) unsaturated (one or more pi bonds)
More informationChapter 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes.! Structure, Nomenclature and Conformations
hapter 4 Alkanes and ycloalkanes Structure, Nomenclature and onformations arbon Bonding Structural Representation of Simple Alkanes Name Kekule structure ondensed structure Model methane ethane propane
More informationChem 341 Jasperse Ch. 9 Handouts 1
Chem 341 Jasperse Ch. 9 andouts 1 Ch. 9 Stereochemistry Stereoisomers have the same condensed formulas and basic bonding sequence, but have different 3-dimensional shape and cannot be interconverted 9.1,2
More information1) Which type of compound does not contain a carbonyl group? A) ketone B) aldehyde C) amine D) ester E) carboxylic acid
1) Which type of compound does not contain a carbonyl group? ketone aldehyde amine ester carboxylic acid 2) Which functional group contains a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon
More informationUniversity of Sydney Chemistry 1B (CHEM1102) Organic Chemistry Lecture Notes
University of Sydney hemistry 1B (EM1102) rganic hemistry Lecture Notes Topic 1 Introduction & isomers 2 Topic 2 Alkenes, alkynes, arenes 20 Topic 3 Structure determination 27 Topic 4 Alcohols and amines
More informationISOMERISM - A general survey
Isomerism 1 ISOMERISM - A general survey STRUTURAL ISOMERS have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae They occur due to variations in... the carbon skeleton AIN ISOMERISM 2 2 positions
More informationOrganic Chemistry Worksheets
Highlight the single longest, continuous carbon-carbon chain. Note the alkyl branches that are connected to the root chain. Count the carbons in the root chain, starting from the end closest to the alkyl
More information10:30 AM 1:00 PM December 13, 2016 in MATH 100
CEM 3311 ARRIGT Exam 4 KEY 10:30 AM 1:00 PM December 13, 016 in MAT 100 Instructions. o notes, books, laptops, phones, calculators, models, or stencils are allowed. Periodic Table, Electronegativity Chart,
More informationGeneral Chemistry Unit 7A ( )
Organic Chemistry Allotropes Isomers Hydrocarbons o Alkanes o Alkenes o Alkynes o Aromatics Alkyl Halides General Chemistry Unit 7A (2017-2018) 1 2 3 4 Parent Chain: Methane Ethane CH4 C2H6 Propane C3H8
More informationOrganic Nomenclature
University of Puget Sound Department of Chemistry Chem 111 Spring, 2010 Organic Nomenclature LEARNING GOALS AND ASSESSMENTS 1. Be familiar with the structure and nomenclature of organic compounds. a. Identify
More informationHydrocarbons. Chapter 22-23
Chapter 22-23 Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds All Carbon containing compounds Except carbon oxides, carbides, and carbonates which are inorganic. CO & CO2 Na4C CaCO3 +8 oxidation change CH 4 + O 2 CO 2
More informationAn alkane homolog differs only in the number of CH 2 groups. Example: butane: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 and pentane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 are homolgs.
Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes Reading: Wade chapter 3, sections 3-1- 3-9 Study Problems: 3-33, 3-37, 3-39, 3-40, 3-42 Key Concepts and Skills: Explain and predict trends in the physical properties
More informationNAMING AND ISOMERISM
NAMING AND ISOMERISM ONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERS Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but differ in some way. They may differ in the order that the atoms are connected, or how they appear
More informationQuestion. Chapter 5 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes (C n H 2n ): Elimination Reactions
hapter 5 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes ( n 2n ): Elimination Reactions The molecular formula of β-arotene is 40 On catalytic hydrogenation, β-carotene is converted to a saturated hydrocarbon of
More information5.1 Alkene Nomenclature
5.1 Alkene Nomenclature Alkenes Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond also called "olefins" characterized by molecular formula n 2n said to be "unsaturated" Alkene Nomenclature
More informationCHEM J-10 June The structure of ( )-linalool, a commonly occurring natural product, is shown below.
CEM1102 2014-J-10 June 2014 The structure of ( )-linalool, a commonly occurring natural product, is shown below. 4 What is the molecular formula of ( )-linalool? C 10 18 O Which of the following best describes
More informationChapter 2: Alkanes MULTIPLE CHOICE
Chapter 2: Alkanes MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following orbitals is properly described as an antibonding orbital? a. sp + 1s d. sp 2 1s b. sp 2 + 1s e. sp 2 + sp 2 sp 3 + 1s D DIF: Easy REF: 2.2 2.
More informationUnit 5: Organic Chemistry
Unit 5: Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry: discipline in chemistry focussing strictly on the study of hydrocarbons compounds made up of carbon & hydrogen Organic compounds can contain other elements
More information4Types of Isomers. 1. Structural Isomers/(Constitutional) 2. Geometric Isomers/(Cis/Trans) 3. Optical Isomers A. Enantiomers B.
4Types of Isomers 1. Structural Isomers/(Constitutional) 2. Geometric Isomers/(Cis/Trans) 3. Optical Isomers A. Enantiomers B. Diastereomers 4Types of Isomers C 4 10 C 4 10 O O O O O O O O O O O O C 3
More informationChemistry 3A. Midterm 2. Dr. Steven Pedersen November 9, Student name: ANSWERS Student signature:
r. Steven Pedersen ovember 9, 2015 Chemistry 3A Midterm 2 Student name: ASWERS Student signature: Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 Problem 4 Problem 5 Problem 6 Problem 7 (18 pts) (30 pts) (32 pts) (18 pts)
More informationOrganic Chemistry CHEM 30S Learning Booklet
Organic Chemistry CHEM 30S Learning Booklet Name: What is organic chemistry? The word organic has been used widely in food that has been grown without the aid of fertilizers or chemicals enhancements.
More informationChemistry 3719, Fall 2003 Exam 1 Name:
Chemistry 3719, Fall 2003 Exam 1 Name: This exam is worth 100 points out of a total of 600 points for Chemistry 3719/3719L. You have 50 minutes to complete the exam and you may use molecular models as
More informationStereochemistry. 3-dimensional Aspects of Tetrahedral Atoms
Stereochemistry 3-dimensional Aspects of Tetrahedral Atoms Chiral Entire molecules or simply atoms that do not possess a plane of symmetry are called chiral. Conversely, the term achiral is applied to
More informationMOSTLY ALCOHOLS. Question 2, 2017 The structure of a molecule of an organic compound, threonine, is shown below.
MOSTLY ALCOHOLS Modified Question 1, 2017 A chemistry class was learning about the chemistry of haloalkanes. They were researching the effect of heat and concentrated potassium hydroxide in ethanol, conc.
More informationReading Skill Practice
system. This process is explained on page 698. create a flowchart that describes the steps for naming branched-chain alkanes using the IUPAC A flowchart can help you to remember the order in which events
More informationUnit 12 Organic Chemistry
Unit 12 Organic Chemistry Day 138 5/5/14 QOD: What is Organic Chemistry? Do Now: True or false? 1. Electrochemical cells generate electricity. 2. Electrons flow from left to right in a battery. 3. Redox
More informationKota Academy Karad Chemistry - Isomerism
Kota cademy Karad 1. Which of the following compounds exhibit optical isomerism : () C C C () C CC (C) C C C (D) C CC. C 7 9 N has how many isomeric forms that contain a benzene ring : () 4 () (C) 6 (D)
More informationThere is only one way each of the above molecules can be assembled. Another way of saying this is that there is only one structural isomer for each.
GEOMETRY AND ISOMERISM IN ORGANI MOLEULES One report per two persons or individual reports are fine. Three authors per report is not allowed, but should this occur the grade would be reduced by one third.
More informationStereochemistry Structural or constitutional isomers... have the same molecular formula but different connectivity (skeletal, positional, functional)
Stereochemistry Structural or constitutional isomers... have the same molecular formula but different connectivity (skeletal, positional, functional) Stereoisomers... have the same connectivity but a different
More informationOrganic Chemistry CHEM 30S Learning Booklet
Organic Chemistry CHEM 30S Learning Booklet Name: What is organic chemistry? The word organic has been used widely in food that has been grown without the aid of fertilizers or chemicals enhancements.
More informationSTEREOGENIC CENTER (Chiral Center,Asymmetric Center) Atom (usually carbon) to which 4 different groups are attached: W Z C X Y
STEREOGENI ENTER (hiral enter,asymmetric enter) Atom (usually carbon) to which 4 different groups are attached: W Z X Y Many, but not all, molecules which contain a stereogenic center are chiral. (A molecule
More informationClass Revision on Intro to Organic, Alkanes and Alkenes
Class Revision on Intro to Organic, Alkanes and Alkenes 2015 Term 1 Week 1 169 min 110 marks ~ Section A: Multiple Choice Questions Circle the best answer 1. What is the correct name of this compound?
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Nomenclature: Alkanes
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature: Alkanes Alkanes Hydrocarbon chains where all the bonds between carbons are SINGLE bonds Name uses the ending ane Examples: Methane, Propane, Butane, Octane, 2-methylpentane
More informationChapter 4: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
1. Nomenclature hapter 4: lkanes and ycloalkanes hydrocarbons: comprised of just carbon and hydrogen saturated (no pi bonds) [Sections: 4.1-4.14] unsaturated (one or more pi bonds) alkanes alkenes alkynes
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Organic molecules are everywhere! The Alkanes (See pages 25-4 and 25-5) Naming Alkanes (See pages 25-7 to 25-10)
RGANI EMISTRY hemistry 11 rganic molecules are everywhere! Some common examples: Sucrose (sugar) Methane (natural gas) Butane (lighter fluid) Plastic Acetic Acid (vinegar) Ethanol (fuel additive) What
More information