Chemistry 1A Spring 1998 Exam #4 KEY Chapters 9 & 10
|
|
- Agnes Briggs
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chemistry 1A Spring 1998 Exam #4 KEY Chapters 9 & 10 For each of the following, write the word, words, or number in each blank that best completes each sentence. (2 points each) 1. A(n) molecular orbital can be defined as the volume that contains a high percentage of the electron charge for an electron in a molecule or polyatomic ion. It can also be defined as the volume within which an electron in a molecule or polyatomic ion has a high probability of being found. 2. The most common bonding pattern for sulfur atoms is two covalent bond(s) and two lone pair(s). 3. Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula. They have the same atoms but a different order of linking the atoms. 1
2 4. Compare the Valence Bond Model for covalent bonding with the Molecular Orbital Theory for covalent bonding by answering the following questions. (10 points) a. Draw the best Lewis structure for carbon monoxide, CO. b. Evaluate the stability of this Lewis structure in terms of our criteria for stable structures. Three bonds and one lone pair is a rare bonding pattern for both carbon and oxygen. This suggests relative instability. The plus formal charge on the more electronegative oxygen and the minus formal charge on the less electronegative carbon suggest instability. c. Draw a molecular orbital diagram for CO. σ * 2p π * 2p π 2p σ 2p σ * 2s σ 2s σ * 1s σ 1s d. Evaluate the stability of CO in terms of our Molecular Orbital Theory criteria for stable molecules. What is the bond order for CO? The bond order is three, suggesting a very stable bond. e. Carbon monoxide has very strong bonds and forms anytime there is incomplete combustion of carbon containing compounds, like those burned in a car engine. Which model, valence bond or molecular orbital, best explains this stability? 2
3 5. Draw a reasonable Lewis structure for each of the following formulas. (4 points each) a. O 2 F 2 b. HC 2 F c. HNO 2 d. CH 2 CHCH 3 e. CH 3 CH 2 CO 2 CH 3 6. Draw a reasonable Lewis structure for the ozone molecule, O 3. Use the skeleton below. The structure is best described in terms of resonance, so draw all of its reasonable resonance structures and the resonance hybrid that summarizes these structures. (6 points) 3
4 7. Draw two reasonable Lewis structures for sulfuric acid, SO 3. One of the Lewis structures should emphasize the octet rule, and the other structure should minimize formal charges. If either Lewis structure is best described with resonance, draw all of its reasonable resonance structures and the resonance hybrid. (8 points) 8. For the Lewis Structures on the next three pages, do each of the following. (7 points each) a. a. Predict the hybridization for each atom in the structure. b. Describe each bond by stating whether it is sigma, localized pi, or part of a delocalized pi system and by stating which atomic orbitals overlap to form the bonds. c. Describe the electron group geometry about the central atom. e. Sketch the molecule and indicate the approximate bond angles in your sketch. f. Describe the molecular geometry about the central atom. hybridization for the O sp 2 hybridization for the right N sp 2 hybridization for the F sp 3 description of bonding one σ bond between O and N due to sp 2 -sp 2 overlap one π bond between O and N due to p-p overlap one σ bond between N and F due to sp 2 -sp 3 overlap electron group geometry around the N trigonal planar sketch and bond angles molecular group geometry around the N bent 4
5 b. hybridization for each C sp 2 hybridization for each O sp 2 description of bonding one σ bond between C and C due to sp 2 -sp 2 overlap four σ bonds between O and C due to sp 2 -sp 2 overlap one delocalized pi system due to the overlap of p orbitals on each atom electron group geometry around each C sketch and bond angles trigonal planar molecular geometry around each C trigonal planar 9. For each of the following organic compounds, you are given the Lewis structure, a line drawing, or a condensed formula. (5 points each) Identify each as representing an alkane, alkene, alkyne, arene (aromatic), alcohol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, ether, ester, amine, or amide. Draw two other ways to show each structure. For example, if you are given a Lewis structure, draw the line drawing and the condensed formula. Ketone a. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 COCH 3 5
6 Alkane b. (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 Carboxylic acid c. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 CO 2 H Ether d. (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 OCH 3 Amide e. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CONH 2 6
7 Answer the following in short answer form. (6 points each) 10. With reference to the molecular orbital theory, write an explanation for why bonding molecular orbitals are more stable than the separate atomic orbitals that form them. For example, explain why the σ 1s molecular orbital that is formed from two 1s atomic orbitals is more stable than the separate 1s atomic orbitals. Also write an explanation for why antibonding molecular orbitals are less stable than the separate atomic orbitals that form them. For example, explain why the σ* 1s molecular orbital that is formed from two 1s atomic orbitals is less stable than the separate 1s atomic orbitals. According to the linear combination of atomic orbitals model, when two atomic orbitals interact, they form one bonding molecular orbital from an in-phase interaction of the electron waves, and they form an antibonding molecular orbital from the out-of-phase interaction of the electron waves. In-phase interaction leads to an increase in the intensity of the negative charge between two nuclei. This leads to an increase in +/- interaction and an increase in stability and a decreased potential for the electrons. Thus, the bonding molecular orbital (e.g. σ 1s ) is more stable than the separate atomic orbitals (e.g. 1s). Out-of-phase interaction leads to a decrease in the intensity of the negative charge between two nuclei. This leads to a decrease in +/- interaction and a decrease in stability and an increased potential for the electrons. Thus, the antibonding molecular orbital (e.g. σ* 1s ) is less stable than the separate atomic orbitals (e.g. 1s). 11. The Lewis structure for sulfur tetrafluoride, SF 4, is below. With reference to the assumptions of the valence bond model, write an explanation for how sulfur atoms are able to form four equivalent covalent bonds and one lone pair in molecules like SF 4. (4 points) Only the highest energy electrons participate in bonding. The sulfur atom is surrounded by five electron groups (four bonds and a lone pair), so we predict that it is sp 3 d hybridized. To form these bonds, it is as if an electron is promoted from a 3p orbital to an empty 3d orbital, and then the 3s, the three 3p, and the one 3d orbital blend to form sp 3 d hybrid orbitals. Covalent bonds form to pair unpaired electrons, so we get four equivalent bonds and one lone pair. 7
You might find the following useful. CHEMISTRY 1A Fall 2008 EXAM 3 Key CHAPTERS 7, 8, 9 & part 10
You might find the following useful. CHEMISTRY 1A Fall 2008 EXAM 3 Key CHAPTERS 7, 8, 9 & part 10 1 For each of the following, write the word, words, or number in each blank that best completes each sentence.
More informationCovalent Bonding and Molecular Structures
CHAPTERS 9 AND 10 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Structures Objectives You will be able to: 1. Write a description of the formation of the covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms to form a hydrogen molecule.
More informationCHEMISTRY 1A Fall 2010 Final Exam Key
CHEMISTRY 1A Fall 2010 Final Exam Key YOU MIGHT FIND THE FOLLOWING USEFUL; 0.008314 kj H E ( n)rt R = K mol 0.00418 kj q C cal m w T g C H rxn = H f (products) H f (reactants) Electronegativities H 2.2
More informationCHEMISTRY 1A Spring 2010 EXAM 3 Key CHAPTERS 7-10
You might find the following useful. CHEMISTRY 1A Spring 2010 EXAM 3 Key CHAPTERS 7-10 For each of the following, write the word, words, or number in each blank that best completes each sentence. (1½ points
More informationCHEMISTRY 1A Spring 2010 Final Exam Key
CHEMISTRY 1A Spring 2010 Final Exam Key YOU MIGHT FIND THE FOLLOWING USEFUL; 0.008314 kj ΔH = ΔE + (Δn)RT R = K mol 0.00418 kj q = C cal + mw T K mol H rxn = Σ H f (products) Σ H f (reactants) Electronegativities
More informationChapter 10. VSEPR Model: Geometries
Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry VSEPR Model: Geometries Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Electron pairs repel and get as far apart as possible Example: Water Four electron pairs Farthest apart
More informationClasses of Organic Compounds
Unit 1 Functional Groups Depicting Structures of rganic ompounds Lewis Structures ondensed structural formulas Line angle drawings 3-dimensional structures Resonance Structures Acid-Base Reactions urved
More informationValence Bond Theory - Description
Bonding and Molecular Structure - PART 2 - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization 1. Understand and be able to describe the Valence Bond Theory description of covalent bond formation. 2. Understand and
More informationCovalent Bonds: overlap of orbitals σ-bond π-bond Molecular Orbitals
Covalent Bonding What is covalent bonding? Covalent Bonds: overlap of orbitals σ-bond π-bond Molecular Orbitals Hybrid Orbital Formation Shapes of Hybrid Orbitals Hybrid orbitals and Multiple Bonds resonance
More informationName: Class: Date: 3. How many lone pairs of electrons are assigned to the carbon atom in carbon monoxide? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
Class: Date: Midterm 3, Fall 2009 Record your name on the top of this exam and on the scantron form. Record the test ID letter in the top right box of the scantron form. Record all of your answers on the
More informationCarbon Compounds. Chemical Bonding Part 1b
Carbon Compounds Chemical Bonding Part 1b Board Notes Introduction to VSEPR Organic Formulas Various Representations " dimethyl ether C 2 H 6 O " propyl alcohol C 3 H 8 O 3D representations " Wedges and
More informationChemistry 1A Spring 1999 Exam #4 KEY Chapters 9 & 10
H 2.2 Chemistry 1A Spring 1999 Exam #4 KEY Chapters 9 & 10 Electronegativities Li Be B C N O F 0.98 1.57 2.04 2.55 3.04 3.44 3.98 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl 0.93 1.31 1.61 1.9 2.19 2.58 3.16 K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br
More informationChapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories 9.1 Molecular Shapes Lewis structures give atomic connectivity (which atoms are physically connected). By noting the number of bonding and nonbonding electron
More informationLearning Organic Chemistry
Objective 1 Represent organic molecules with chemical formulas, expanded formulas, Lewis structures, skeletal structures. Determine shape (VSEPR), bond polarity, and molecule polarity. Identify functional
More informationCHEMISTRY 110 EXAM 2 Feb 25, 2013 FORM A
EMISTRY 110 EXAM 2 Feb 25, 2013 FORM A 1. ow many valence electrons and lone pairs are in the structure of the ammonium ion? # valence electrons # lone pairs A. 8 0 B. 10 1. 8 1 D. 10 2 E. 12 3 2. Which
More informationChapter 10. VSEPR Model: Geometries
Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry VSEPR Model: Geometries Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Electron pairs repel and get as far apart as possible Example: Water Four electron pairs Two bonds Two
More informationLewis Structure. Lewis Structures & VSEPR. Octet & Duet Rules. Steps for drawing Lewis Structures
Lewis Structure Lewis Structures & VSEPR Lewis Structures shows how the are arranged among the atoms of a molecule There are rules for Lewis Structures that are based on the formation of a Atoms want to
More informationAP Chemistry- Practice Bonding Questions for Exam
AP Chemistry- Practice Bonding Questions for Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is a correct Lewis structure for
More informationChapter 10: Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes; VSEPR, Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theories
C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 1 0 P a g e 1 Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes; VSEPR, Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theories Homework: Read Chapter 10: Work out sample/practice
More informationChemical Bonds, Orbital Shapes, and Orbital Hybridization
Chemical Bonds, Orbital Shapes, and Orbital Hybridization PRELAB ASSIGNMENT Read the entire laboratory write up. Write an objective and answer the following questions in your laboratory notebook before
More informationWhich of the following is the most polar bond?
!"#$%&'()*++,*#-.$*/* ct 14, 2013 FRM A 1. A neutral atom has the following electron configuration. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds this atom could form with hydrogen atoms? 3. Which of the
More informationEXPERIMENT 1: Survival Organic Chemistry: Molecular Models
EXPERIMENT 1: Survival Organic Chemistry: Molecular Models Introduction: The goal in this laboratory experience is for you to easily and quickly move between empirical formulas, molecular formulas, condensed
More informationCHEMISTRY Topic #1: Functional Groups and Drawing Organic Molecules Fall 2014 Dr. Susan Findlay
EMISTRY 2500 Topic #1: Functional Groups and Drawing rganic Molecules Fall 2014 Dr. Susan Findlay Drawing rganic Molecules (Basics) Recall the steps for drawing Lewis structures in EM 1000: 1. Determine
More informationChapter 12. Molecular Structure
Chapter 12 Molecular Structure Chapter Map Models Advantages and Disadvantages (1) They help us to visualize, explain, and predict chemical changes. Because a model is a simplified version of what we think
More informationLewis Structures. Difference in electronegativity is greater then 1.7.
Lewis Structures Lewis structures can be drawn for:!! Ionic Compounds! Molecular Compounds! Polyatomic Compounds Ionic Compounds Contains metallic and non-metallic ions. Difference in electronegativity
More informationChem 121 Exam 4 Practice Exam
Chem 121 Exam 4 Practice Exam 1. What is the correct electron configuration for bromine? b. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4s 2 4p 6 c. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 5 d. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p
More informationChapter 9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories PART I Molecular Shapes Lewis structures give atomic connectivity: they tell us which atoms are physically connected to which atoms. The shape of a molecule
More informationChemical Bonding II. Molecular Geometry Valence Bond Theory Phys./Chem. Properties Quantum Mechanics Sigma & Pi bonds Hybridization MO theory
Chemical Bonding II Molecular Geometry Valence Bond Theory Phys./Chem. Properties Quantum Mechanics Sigma & Pi bonds ybridization MO theory 1 Molecular Geometry 3-D arrangement of atoms 2 VSEPR Valence-shell
More informationCarbon and Its Compounds
Chapter 1 Carbon and Its Compounds Copyright 2018 by Nelson Education Limited 1 1.2 Organic Molecules from the Inside Out I: The Modelling of Atoms Copyright 2018 by Nelson Education Limited 2 s orbitals:
More informationHybridization of Orbitals
Hybridization of Orbitals Structure & Properties of Matter 1 Atomic Orbitals and Bonding Previously: Electron configurations Lewis structures Bonding Shapes of molecules Now: How do atoms form covalent
More informationCHEM 110 Exam 2 - Practice Test 1 - Solutions
CHEM 110 Exam 2 - Practice Test 1 - Solutions 1D 1 has a triple bond. 2 has a double bond. 3 and 4 have single bonds. The stronger the bond, the shorter the length. 2A A 1:1 ratio means there must be the
More informationHomework #2. Chapter 14. Covalent Bonding Orbitals
Homework # Chapter 14 Covalent Bonding Orbitals 1. Single bonds have their electron density concentrated between the two atoms (on the internuclear axis). Therefore an atom can rotate freely on the internuclear
More informationFor more info visit Chemical bond is the attractive force which holds various constituents together in a molecule.
Chemical bond:- Chemical bond is the attractive force which holds various constituents together in a molecule. There are three types of chemical bonds: Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond, Coordinate Bond. Octet
More informationChapter 9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories MOLECULAR SHAPES 2 Molecular Shapes Lewis Structures show bonding and lone pairs do not denote shape Use Lewis Structures to determine shapes Molecular
More informationMOLECULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
MOLEULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED SPETROSOPY A STUDENT SOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Given a Lewis (dash or dot), condensed, bond-line, or wedge formula of a compound draw the other representations. 2. Give
More informationEXPERIMENT 1: Survival Organic Chemistry: Molecular Models
EXPERIMENT 1: Survival Organic Chemistry: Molecular Models Introduction: The goal in this laboratory experience is for you to easily and quickly move between empirical formulas, molecular formulas, condensed
More informationChapter 9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories 9.1 Molecular Shapes Lewis structures give atomic connectivity: they tell us which atoms are physically connected to which atoms. The shape of a molecule
More informationStructure and Bonding of Organic Molecules
Chem 220 Notes Page 1 Structure and Bonding of Organic Molecules I. Types of Chemical Bonds A. Why do atoms forms bonds? Atoms want to have the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas atom (noble
More informationCHEMISTRY 31 Name: KEY Exam #1 100 pts 1. (6 pts) Provide the complete IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:
CEMISTRY 31 ame: KEY Exam #1 100 pts 1. (6 pts) Provide the complete IUPAC name for each of the following compounds: (1S,3S)-1-bromo-3-butylcyclopentane 3,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane 1-cyclopropyl-2-methylcyclobutane
More informationChapter 9. Covalent Bonding: Orbitals
Chapter 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals Localized electron model A bond is made when a half-filled orbital of one atom overlaps with a half-filled orbital of another.! Bond: orbitals overlap straight on p
More informationMolecular Geometry and Bonding Theories. Chapter 9
Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Chapter 9 Molecular Shapes CCl 4 Lewis structures give atomic connectivity; The shape of a molecule is determined by its bond angles VSEPR Model Valence Shell Electron
More information12.1 The Nature of Organic molecules
12.1 The Nature of Organic molecules Organic chemistry: : The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon is tetravalent; it always form four bonds. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter One 2 Organic molecules have covalent
More informationChapter 8 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 8 Chemical Bonding Types of Bonds Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding Shapes of Molecules 8-1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Table 8.1 Two
More informationObjective 3. Draw resonance structures, use curved arrows, determine extent of delocalization. Identify major/minor contributor.
Objective 3 Draw resonance structures, use curved arrows, determine extent of delocalization. Identify major/minor contributor. Structure Should Fit Experimental Data The chemical formula of benzene is
More informationORGANIC - BROWN 8E CH.1 - COVALENT BONDING AND SHAPES OF MOLECULES
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: WHAT IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY? Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of life. It consists of the study of molecules that are (typically) created and used by biological systems.
More informationGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8. Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
CHM 111 Chapters 7 and 8 Worksheet and Study Guide Purpose: This is a guide for your as you work through the chapter. The major topics are provided so that you can write notes on each topic and work the
More informationChapter 2. Molecular Representations
hapter 2. Molecular Representations 3 () 3 ( 3 ) 2 3 3 3 8 Lewis (Kekule) structure ondensed and par6ally condensed structure Skeletal (bond- line) structure Molecular formula Amoxicillin a widely prescribed
More informationChemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Linear Trigonal 180 o planar 120 o Tetrahedral 109.5 o Trigonal Bipyramidal 120 and 90 o Octahedral 90 o linear Linear
More informationSection 8.13 Molecular Hybridization Structure: The VSEPR Model
Molecular Hybridization Structure: The VSEPR Model Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons; orbitals overlap to allow for this sharing. The mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of an atom
More informationCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona
alifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona 2-1 Dr. Laurie S. Starkey, rganic hemistry M 314, Wade hapter 2: Structure and Physical Properties of rganic Molecules hapter utline 1) rbitals and Bonding
More informationChapter 9 - Covalent Bonding: Orbitals
Chapter 9 - Covalent Bonding: Orbitals 9.1 Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model A. Hybridization 1. The mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new
More informationMolecular Orbitals. Chapter 9. Sigma bonding orbitals. Sigma bonding orbitals. Pi bonding orbitals. Sigma and pi bonds
Molecular Orbitals Chapter 9 Orbitals and Covalent Bond The overlap of atomic orbitals from separate atoms makes molecular orbitals Each molecular orbital has room for two electrons Two types of MO Sigma
More informationLewis Structures. X } Lone Pair (unshared pair) } Localized Electron Model. Valence Bond Theory. Bonding electron (unpaired electron)
G. N. Lewis 1875-1946 Lewis Structures (The Localized Electron Model) Localized Electron Model Using electron-dot symbols, G. N. Lewis developed the Localized Electron Model of chemical bonding (1916)
More informationChapter 9. Lewis Theory-VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory
Chapter 9 Lewis Theory-VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory Problems with Lewis Theory Lewis theory generally predicts trends in properties, but does not give good numerical predictions.
More informationMolecular Shapes and VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory)
AP Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Molecular Shapes and VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory) Go to bit.ly/vseprshapes Introduction Atoms bond to satisfy their need for more electrons.
More informationChapter 1 Bonding and Isomerism
Chapter 1 Bonding and Isomerism Ionic Compounds: e-are transferred; Cation (+) & anion (-). Opposite charge creates bond. Occurs when compound is made of a metal & a nonmetal. Electron dot structures for:
More informationChapter 9: Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories Learning Outcomes: Predict the three-dimensional shapes of molecules using the VSEPR model.
Chapter 9: Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories Learning Outcomes: Predict the three-dimensional shapes of molecules using the VSEPR model. Determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar based
More informationLewis Structures and Molecular Shapes
Lewis Structures and Molecular Shapes Drawing Lewis Structures Determine from formula if ionic or covalent Count the electrons If ionic : add valence # to charge if (-), subtract if (+) - = 7+1 electrons;
More informationChapters 8 and 9. Octet Rule Breakers Shapes
Chapters 8 and 9 Octet Rule Breakers Shapes Bond Energies Bond Energy (review): The energy needed to break one mole of covalent bonds in the gas phase Breaking bonds consumes energy; forming bonds releases
More informationPART 3 Chemical Bonds, Valence Bond Method, and Molecular Shapes. Reference: Chapter 9 10 in textbook
PART 3 Chemical Bonds, Valence Bond Method, and Molecular Shapes Reference: Chapter 9 10 in textbook 1 Valence Electrons Valence ae Electron Define: the outer shell electrons Important for determination
More informationValence Shell Electron Pair repulsion
Molecular Geometry Valence Shell Electron Pair repulsion The valence shell electron pair repulsion model (VSEPR model) assumes that electron pairs repel one another. (VSEPR) model gives helps determine
More informationREVIEW: VALENCE ELECTRONS CHEMICAL BONDS: LEWIS SYMBOLS: CHEMICAL BONDING. What are valence electrons?
REVIEW: VALENCE ELECTRONS 13 CHEMICAL BONDING What are valence electrons? Which groups on the periodic table readily give up electrons? What group readily accepts electrons? CHEMICAL BONDS: What are chemical
More informationChemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Chemical Bonding II: and ybridization of Atomic rbitals Chapter 10 Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model: Predict the geometry of the molecule from the electrostatic repulsions between the
More informationChapter 9. Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Topics Molecular Geometry Molecular Geometry and Polarity Valence Bond Theory Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Hybridization in Molecules
More information17/11/2010. Lewis structures
Reading assignment: 8.5-8.8 As you read ask yourself: How can I use Lewis structures to account for bonding in covalent molecules? What are the differences between single, double and triple bonds in terms
More informationChapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Lecture Presentation Chapter 9 Geometry James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Shapes Lewis Structures show bonding and lone pairs, but do not denote shape. However, we use Lewis Structures to
More informationPreviewer Tools Show All Description practice test 3
Assignment Previewer practice test 3 (236473) About this Assignment Due: Wed Dec 1 2004 10:09 PM EST Current Score: 0 out of 91 Close this window Previewer Tools Show All In View: Assignment Score Mark
More informationChapters 9&10 Structure and Bonding Theories
Chapters 9&10 Structure and Bonding Theories Ionic Radii Ions, just like atoms, follow a periodic trend in their radii. The metal ions in a given period are smaller than the non-metal ions in the same
More informationMolecular Shape and Molecular Polarity. Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity. Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity
Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity When there is a difference in electronegativity between two atoms, then the bond between them is polar. It is possible for a molecule to contain polar bonds, but
More informationCopyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display : A force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound
: Chemical Bonding 8-1 8.1 Types of Bonds : A force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound Two types of chemical bonds Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds 8-2 1 8.1 Types of Bonds 8-3 8.1 Types of
More informationValence electrons octet rule. Lewis structure Lewis structures
Lewis Dot Diagrams Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. An element with a full octet of valence electrons has a stable configuration. The tendency of bonded atoms
More informationCh. 9 Practice Questions
Ch. 9 Practice Questions 1. The hybridization of the carbon atom in the cation CH + 3 is: A) sp 2 B) sp 3 C) dsp D) sp E) none of these 2. In the molecule C 2 H 4 the valence orbitals of the carbon atoms
More informationChapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The
More informationHomework #7. Chapter 14. Covalent Bonding Orbitals
omework #7 hapter 14 ovalent Bonding rbitals 7. Both M theory and LE model use quantum mechanics to describe bonding. In the LE model, wavefunctions on one atom are mixed to form hybridized orbitals. In
More informationChapter 9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
9.1 Molecular Shapes Read Sec. 9.1 and 9.2, then complete the Sample and Practice Exercises in these sections. Sample Exercise 9.1 (p. 347) Use the VSEPR model to predict the molecular geometries of a)
More informationChapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories molecular shapes the VSEPR model molecular shape and molecular polarity covalent bonding and orbital overlap hybrid orbitals multiple bonds 9.1 Molecular
More informationHourEx4 Practice Chapt 8 & 9 Kotz
HourEx4 Practice Chapt 8 & 9 Kotz Multiple Choice 5 pts apiece Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. PUT YOUR ANSWER ON THE BUBBLE SHEET PROVIDED.You
More informationCovalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure
CHM 123 Chapter 8 Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure 8.1 Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory VSEPR theory proposes that the geometric arrangement of terminal atoms, or groups of
More informationCHAPTER 2: Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules
1 HAPTER 2: Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules Atomic Orbitals A. What are atomic orbitals? Atomic orbitals are defined by special mathematical functions called wavefunctions-- (x, y, z). Wavefunction,
More informationActivity Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
Activity 201 8 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals Directions: This Guided Learning Activity (GLA) discusses Hybrid Atomic Orbitals, which are the basis for Valence Bond Theory. Part A introduces σ- and π-bonds. Part
More informationChapter 9 practice questions
Class: Date: Chapter 9 practice questions Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. All of the following statements concerning valence bond (VB)
More informationHow Does Molecular Orbital Theory Explain Ionic And Covalent Bonding
How Does Molecular Orbital Theory Explain Ionic And Covalent Bonding Valence bond and molecular orbital theories are used to explain chemical bonding. According to VB theory, a covalent bond forms from
More informationChemistry /002 Exam 1 Version Green. The Periodic Table
Name: Last First MI Chemistry 233-001/002 Exam 1 Version Green Fall 2018 Dr. J. sbourn Instructions: The first 13 questions of this exam should be answered on the provided Scantron. You must use a pencil
More informationCarbon-based molecules are held together by covalent bonds between atoms
hapter 1: hemical bonding and structure in organic compounds arbon-based molecules are held together by covalent bonds between atoms omposition: Mainly nonmetals; especially,, O, N, S, P and the halogens
More informationChapter 14: Phenomena
Chapter 14: Phenomena p p Phenomena: Scientists knew that in order to form a bond, orbitals on two atoms must overlap. However, p x, p y, and p z orbitals are located 90 from each other and compounds like
More informationChapter 2 Molecular Representations
hapter 2 Molecular Representations Structural Formulas and ondensed Structures Because organic compounds are molecular in nature, the additional information conveyed in structural formulas is sometimes
More information1. How many grams of Cr can be produced by the reaction of 44.1 g of Cr 2 O 3 with 35.0 g of Al according to the following chemical reaction?
Final Exam Revision 1. How many grams of Cr can be produced by the reaction of 44.1 g of Cr 2 O 3 with 35.0 g of Al according to the following chemical reaction? 2Al + Cr 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 + 2Cr Ans: 30.2
More informationMOLECULAR ORBITAL DIAGRAM KEY
365 MOLECULAR ORBITAL DIAGRAM KEY Draw molecular orbital diagrams for each of the following molecules or ions. Determine the bond order of each and use this to predict the stability of the bond. Determine
More informationChapter 12 Structure and Shape
Free Study Guide for Cracolice Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach Second Edition www.brookscole.com/chemistry Chapter 12 Structure and Shape Chapter 12Assignment A: Lewis Diagrams
More informationChapter 13: Phenomena
Chapter 13: Phenomena Phenomena: Scientists measured the bond angles of some common molecules. In the pictures below each line represents a bond that contains 2 electrons. If multiple lines are drawn together
More informationSL Score. HL Score ! /30 ! /48. Practice Exam: Paper 1 Topic 4: Bonding. Name
Name Practice Exam: Paper 1 Topic 4: Bonding SL SL Score! /30 HL Score! /48 1. What is the correct Lewis structure for hypochlorous acid, a compound containing chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen? A. B. C. D.
More informationMolecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory
Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory The Valence -Shell Electron -Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model predicts the shapes of the molecules and ions by assuming that the valence shell electron pairs
More informationChapter 16 Covalent Bonding
Chemistry/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 16 Covalent Bonding Chapter 16: 1 26; 28, 30, 31, 35-37, 40, 43-46, Extra Credit: 50-53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62-67 Section 16.1 The Nature of Covalent Bonding Practice Problems
More informationChapter 1: Structure and Bonding
1. What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a carbon atom? A) 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 5 B) 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 2 C) 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6 D) 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 4 2. What is the ground-state electronic configuration
More informationvideo 14.4 isomers isomers Isomers have the molecular formula but are rearranged in a structure with different properties. Example: Both C 4 H 10
video 14.4 isomers isomers Isomers have the molecular formula but are rearranged in a structure with different properties. Example: Both C 4 H 10 Butane Methylpropane 1 match the isomers drawing an isomer
More informationMolecular Models: The shape of simple molecules and ions
Molecular Models: The shape of simple molecules and ions Background The shape of a molecule is very important when investigating its properties and reactivity. For example, compare CO 2 and SO 2. Carbon
More informationWave Properties of Electrons. Chapter 2 Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules. Wave Interactions. Sigma Bonding
rganic hemistry, 5 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. hapter 2 Structure and Properties of rganic Molecules Jo Blackburn Richland ollege, Dallas, TX Dallas ounty ommunity ollege District 2003, Prentice all Wave
More informationMechanical Approach to Drawing 2D, 3D and Resonance Structures from a condensed line formula.
2D structure drawing hem 314 Beauchamp Mechanical Approach to Drawing 2D, 3D and esonance tructures from a condensed line formula. 1. Draw a 2D structure based on given arrangement shown in condensed line
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, Valence Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital Theory
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, Valence Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital Theory Predicting Molecular Geometry 1. Draw the Lewis structure. 2. Determine the number
More informationLESSON 10. Glossary: Molecular Geometry. a quantitative measure of the degree of charge separation in a molecule. Dipole moment
LESSON 10 Glossary: Molecular Geometry Dipole moment Electronegativity Molecular geometry Pi bond Polar covalent bond Sigma bond Valence-shell electronpair repulsion (VSEPR) model a quantitative measure
More information