Soil Fertility and Electrical Conductivity Affected by Organic Waste Rates and Nutrient Inputs

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1 Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 Artil Division Soil Us n Mngmnt Commission Soil Frtility n Plnt Nutrition Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts n Nutrint Inputs Dvi Lops o Crmo (1)*, Lís Botlho Lim () n Crlos Alrto Silv () (1) Univrsi Frl Viços, Dprtmnto Fitotni/Agroologi, Progrm Pós-grução m Agroologi, Viços, Mins Gris, Brsil. () Univrsi Frl Lvrs, Dprtmnto Ciêni o Solo, Grução m Engnhri Amintl Snitári, Lvrs, Mins Gris, Brsil. () Univrsi Frl Lvrs, Dprtmnto Ciêni o Solo, Lvrs, Mins Gris, Brsil. * Corrsponing uthor: E-mil: vigoln@yhoo.om.r Riv: Jun 19, 15 Approv: Novmr, 15 How to it: Crmo DL, Lim LB, Silv CA. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts n Nutrint Inputs. Rv Brs Cin Solo. 1;:1515. Copyright: This is n opn-ss rtil istriut unr th trms o th Crtiv Commons Attriution Lins, whih prmits unrstrit us, istriution, n rproution in ny mium, provi tht th originl uthor n sour r rit. ABSTRACT: Th omposition o orgni wst (OW) n its t on soil prosss my hng soil rtility n ltril onutivity (EC). Th si ts o wst us in rop rtiliztion r poorly unrstoo or Brzilin soils. This stuy xmin th t o th ition o 15 irnt orgni wsts to Oxisols n Nosol on ph, s sturtion, EC, tion xhng pity (CEC t ph 7), n th vilility o Al, mro (P, K, C +, Mg + n S) n mironutrints (B, F +, Mn +, Cu + n Zn + ). Soil smpls (15 g) wr trt with hikn, pig, hors, ttl, n quil mnurs, swg slug 1 n, ulyptus swust, plnt sustrt, oonut ir, pin rk, o husk, pt, lim ompost, n iohr. Wsts wr onsiring ix mount o C ( g kg -1 ), whih rsult in wst rts rnging rom.5 to 5. Mg h -1. Th soil-wst mixturs wr inut or ys in lortory onitions. Th wst liming or iiition vlus wr soil-pnnt. Th us o som mnurs n ompost inrs th ph to lvls ov o thos onsir qut or plnt growth. Th soil EC ws slightly inrs in th Nosol n in th mium txtur Oxisol, ut it ws shrply hng (rom 195 to 9 µs m -1 ) y th ition o orgni wsts in th lyy Oxisol, lthough th EC vlus wr low th rng onsir s or plnt growth. Chngs in th soil vilility o P, K +, C + n Zn + wr highly rlt to th inputs o ths nutrints y th wsts, n othr tors in soil hng u to wst us. Orgni wst us simultnously ts irnt soil rtility ttriuts; thus, in ition to th trgt nutrint to th soil, th soil iity uring pity n th wst liming n gronomi vlu must tkn into ount in th wst rt inition. Kywors: orgni rtiliztion, mnurs, liming vlu, mironutrints, nutrint yling, swg slug. DOI: 1.159/1957rs1515 1

2 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... INTRODUCTION Th us o orgni wsts in griulturl ils my inrs rop yil n soil qulity whil ruing pollution n inrsing rmr proits. Th ts o wst pplition on soil rtility pn on wst hmil omposition, whih is highly vril n link to its origin. Th wst proution systm, storg n mngmnt o rop rsius n posthrvst y-prouts r othr ky tors ontrolling th orgni wst hmil omposition n its vlu s n griulturl input. In niml proution systms, th omposition n mount o urnish to nimls r othr tors tht ontrol th wst gronomi vlu; post-proution trtmnts o omposts n swg slug n y-prouts gnrt in th inustry n gro-inustris lso xrt n inlun on th wst hmil omposition (Mlo n Silv, ; Silv, ). Mnurs originting rom intnsiv proution systms r rihr in nutrints thn wsts prou y nimls ris in xtnsiv psturs or with poor nutritionl grsss. In omprison to rop rsius, pig, quil n hikn mnurs ommonly hv highr ontnts o N, P, K n C (Higshikw t l., 1). Animl mnurs nrih in ronts or C oxis my lso nit rops, through soil iity orrtion; howvr, th intnsity o soil iity nutrliztion lso rlis on th initil soil ph n mount o wst to th soil (Hrgrvs t l., ; Diono n Montmurro, 1). Bsis th mount n hmil omposition, th ts o wsts on soil proprtis r rlt to th nutrint minrliztion rt, whih is losly link to hmil, physil n iologil wst proprtis, humiition gr n th ioti n ioti tors in soil rgulting th rt o wst omposition (Aru Júnior t l., 5; Pvinto n Rosolm, ). Th ts o wsts on soil proprtis r minly rlt to th rt o pplition n th wst hmil omposition, ut soil orgni mttr n ly ontnts r othr ky tors rgulting hngs in soil rtility (Müllr n Hoppr, ; Silv, ). Avrs ts o wsts on soil rtility ttriuts r ssoit with shrp inrs in ph (Mokolot n Hyns, ; Dikiny n Muwnzl, 1), whih my rh th lklin rng n rs th vilility o som mironutrints. High hrgs o mironutrints in soils, spilly Zn n Cu, n th ition o K n othr hmil lmnts or pollutnts t lvls ov thos onsir gronomilly s or griulturl soils r ts tht hv n rport or som soils sussivly rtiliz with mnurs (Torri n Corrê, 1; Pnh t l., 15). Exssiv lvls o P in soil n its runo rom sits with intnsiv poultry tivitis r othr vrs ts osrv in ils intnsivly n ontinuously rtiliz with poultry littr (Hrml t l., 9). Th wst rt inition is ritil issu in orgni rtiliztion n is typilly s on th nutrint in th highst onntrtion, in most ss N, ut th wtr ontnt n N minrliztion rt r tors tht must lso tkn into ount (Smith, 9). Whn ixing th mount o N to soils, th input o othr nutrints is highly vril n pns on th wst hmil omposition n its nutrint hrgs. Thus, y hoosing N s th trgt nutrint, th pplition o P n K t highr rts thn thos rquir y rops is ommon, minly in rop ils whr niml mnurs r sussivly us or rop rtiliztion (Br-Tl t l., ). Continuous pplition o wsts oul lso inrs th soil C ontnt (Shnmugm, 5), using nutritionl imlns in K, Mg, n N-mmonium suppli to plnts. Chngs in th vilility o nutrints n in othr soil proprtis r th rsons why th wst rt in this stuy ws lult s on th C ontnt. Th ixtion o th mount o C to soils my llow th stuy o th si ts o vri wst rts on soil ph, ltril onutivity (EC), n nutrint vilility. It my lso llow or hking i ths possil hngs t soil rtility ngtivly or in synrgisti wy in orr to ssur optiml onitions or plnt growth. Whn rih-nutrint or niml wsts ompos, slts n ions in th soil n in its liqui phs r inrs. Suh hngs xrt n inlun on soil EC, whih is rgult y Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515

3 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... svrl soil rtility ttriuts, suh s ph, P, K, C, Mg, OM, tion xhng pity (CEC) n y th ontnts o othr solul slts n orgni ligns (Bronson t l., 5; Suuth t l., 5; Aimrun t l., 9; Prlt n Cost, 1). Ths EC-soil proprty intrtions r not sily intii, sin th mgnitu o th rtions rgulting soil EC lvls r omplx n ynmi. Thus, it is importnt to invstigt th hngs on EC in soils trt with irnt wsts, ring in min tht EC rlts th sum o slts n ions in th soil solution, th lvls o whih r rgult y th typ, omposition n mount o wst to th soil. Soil EC is n inx us to lint sit-spii mngmnt zons, sin it is highly orrlt to rop yil (Li t l., ). Thus, EC oul n itionl soil rtility inx. Orgni wst rts in rop ils, ovrll, r s on th mount o N rquir y rops. A ix mount o C y th wst is not gurnt o qul hmil omposition or rt o th wst in soils. Thus, whn orgni wst rt is s on prviously trmin mount o C, it is possil to ssss i th wst humiition gr n its hmil omposition r trminnts o th wst n soil orgni mttr (SOM) omposition rt n, s onsqun, o th wst t on soil nutrint vilility. W hypothsiz tht th us o riv-niml wsts is ollow y n nrihmnt o nutrints in soils n y n tiv orrtion o soil iity. Co husk us my n iint wy to inrs th K ontnt in soils. Th ts o wsts on nutrints rly on soil ph hng n on th inputs o nutrints y h OW. This xprimnt ws rri out to vlut th t o mnurs, rop rsius, omposts, plnt sustrts, posthrvst rsius, pt n iohr on th soil iity lvl, nutrint vilility n EC o thr orgni mttr n ly-ontrsting soils rom Mins Gris, Brzil. MATERIALS AND METHODS This stuy ws rri out unr lortory onitions. Smpls o Ltossolo Vrmlho-Amrlo Distróio (Typi Hplustox-TH), Ltossolo Vrmlho Distróio (Rhoi Hpluox-RH) n Nossolo Qurtzrênio (Qurtzipsmmnt-) wr ri, groun, siv (msh siz o mm) n stor. Th soils wr lssii ollowing oth th Brzilin Systm o Soil Clssiition (Sntos t l., 1) n th USDA Soil Txonomy (Soil Survy St, 1). Soil rtility ttriuts n txturl rtion ontnts (Tl 1) o th smpls ollt t th.-. m pth wr trmin, oring to th protools sri in Silv t l. (9). Bs on th soil nlysis, mixtur o CCO +MgCO in proportion o :1 ws to th soil, iming to ris th s sturtion to %. Th lim soil ws inut or ys unr lortory onitions in opn plsti gs, until th trgt s sturtion lvl ws rh. During th inution o th soil-ront mixtur, soil moistur ontnt ws kpt los to 7 % o th soil il pity, with rplmnt o ioniz wtr vry wk. Th soil C ontnt ws trmin using n Elmntr Vrio TOC Cu mol nlyzr y ininrting th soil smpls (.5 mm siv) t 95 C n quntiying th C volv using n NDIR ttor, ollowing th mthoology sri y Zinn t l. (1). Tl 1. Chmil proprtis n txtur o th thr stui soils, unr nturl onitions Soil Cly Txtur lss ph(h O) P (Mhlih-1) K + C + Mg + CEC V C g kg -1 mg m - mol m - g m - TH 1 Mium-ly RH Clyy Sny Ltossolo Vrmlho-Amrlo Distróio (Typi Hplustox-TH), Ltossolo Vrmlho Distróio (Rhoi Hpluox-RH) n Nossolo Qurtzrênio (Qurtzipsmmnt-). CEC: tion xhng pity t ph 7 s sum o si tions plus titrtl iity msur y th SMP ph mtho; V: s sturtion; C: orgni ron trmin y ry omustion in n utomt nlyzr. Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515

4 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... Th ollowing OW smpls wr invstigt: swg slug 1 rom wstwtr trtmnt plnt (WTP) whr rsintil swg is trt n swg slug rom WTP whr rsintil n inustril wsts r trt, hikn n quil mnurs (Npomuno, MG), ttl mnur, ulyptus swust, hrol (otin rom th pyrolysis o ulyptus t 5 C), plnt sustrt (ompos o humii n stiliz mixtur o pt, pin rk, vrmiulit n oonut ir), ompost (rom th grg prossing plnt in Cristis, MG), o husk, oonut ir n pin rk. Th rsh ttl n hikn mnurs wr otin rom iry n gg proution rms. Th swg slug ws physilly n hmilly stiliz. Th swust ws ollt rom th swmill o th Frl Univrsity o Lvrs (UFLA), immitly tr th utting o ulyptus logs, n o husk ws provi y th Co Rsrh n Extnsion Cntr (CEPE-Cé). Coonut ir n pin rk wr purhs on th mrkt. Pt ws otin rom th muniiplity o Bo Esprnç, MG. Pig mnur ws otin rom grow-inishing pig oninmnt systm whr th nimls wr nourish with ln it. Frsh hors mnur ws otin rom th Zoothny ilitis t th UFLA, MG. Th orgni wsts n thir hmil hrtristis r shown in tl. For th hmil hrtriztion, svrl nlyss (Higshikw t l., 1; Aruzzini t l., 1) wr prorm with th ollowing moiitions: ph ws trmin using n orgni wst:wtr rtio o 1:5, n totl C ontnt in th wst ws trmin in th sm wy s sri or soil smpls, in TOC nlyzr using -5 mg o ri wst smpl. Orgni wst rts wr lult to g kg -1 o C to soils, whih rprsnt, oring to th wsts tst, rts rnging rom.5 (iohr) to 5. (pt) Mg h -1 (Tl ), onsiring th ition o th wst t th.-.1 m soil pth. Suh orgni wst rts us high vrition in th mounts o N (11 to kg h -1 ) suppli to rops. Orgni wst rts n thir rsptiv nutrint inputs r shown in tl. Som soil smpls wr inut without th ition o orgni wsts (ontrol). Atr iity orrtion, soils smpls wr immitly mix with th orgni wsts, n, in squn, wtr ws to th mixtur in orr to strt th inution. Inution o th trtmnts (soil+orgni wst mixturs) gn in Jnury n n in Dmr 1. Orgni wsts wr mix with whol soil mss (15 g), n inut or ys in 5 ml mini-lysimtr with two hmrs. Soil smpls inut with th orgni wsts wr kpt in th uppr hmr, n th lowr hmr ws us to ollt th Tl. Mro n mironutrint ontnts (ry sis), ph in wtr, ron (C), n ltril onutivity (EC) o th stui orgni wsts Orgni wst ph(h O) C EC P K C Mg N S Mn Zn Cu B F % S m -1 g kg -1 mg kg -1 Chikn mnur Pig mnur NI NI 1. Hors mnur NI 9. NI NI 7.95 Swg slug Swg slug NI.75 Swust Plnt sustrt Coonut ir Pin rk Cttl mnur Pt Quil mnur NI 1. Co husk Compost NI 1. NI NI. Biohr NI: not intii. Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515

5 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... xss wtr tht rin rom th inut plot, whih ws immitly rturn to th uppr hmr. During th inution, th soil moistur ws kpt los to 7 % o th mximum wtr rtntion pity o h soil-wst mixtur, with rplmnt o ioniz wtr vry thr ys. Th soil-wst mixturs wr inut in opn hmrs. Th tmprtur in th lortory (soil orgni mttr lortory) whr th smpls whr inut ws not ontroll, n rng uring th xprimntl prio rom 19 to C. Atr inution, soils wr nlyz rgring th ph in wtr, Al +, C +, Mg +, s sturtion (V), totl ron (TC), tion xhng pity (CEC) t ph 7, S-sult, K +, P (Mhlih-1), Zn +, F +, Mn +, Cu + n B, oring to th nlytil protools sri y Silv t l. (9). Soil EC ws trmin with TECNAL-TEC MP mol onutivity snsor, t soil:wtr rtio o 1: (1 m o ry soil: ml o ioniz wtr); th soil:wtr mixtur ws stirr or min, lt to stn or nothr min, stirr gin or s, n thn th EC ws msur. A ompltly rnomiz sign ws us in 15 toril shm, whr thr soils wr inut with 15 orgni wst smpls, with n itionl trtmnt, i.. soil inut without wst (ontrol), in thr rplits or h soil typ, totling 1 xprimntl plots. Th t st ws sumitt to nlysis o vrin n th trtmnt mns wr ompr y th Sott-Knott tst (p<.5), using SISVAR sotwr (Frrir, 1). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Soil ph ws moii y most o th wsts tst, n th mplitu o soil iity hngs ws oth wst- n soil-pnnt. Th inrs in th ph o th TH smpls ws mrkly inlun y th us o hikn n quil mnurs n ompost, sin in ths wst-trt plots th ph rh vlus los to. In t, th lrgst inrss in ph wr oun or th TH smpls, th soil with th lowst C ontnt (Figur 1). In th RH n smpls, th ition o swg slugs 1 n, pt n iohr signiintly rs th ph, in omprison to th ontrol. Th soil ph rs n xplin y th onntrtions o H + to th soil y h wst; uring omposition in soil, Tl. Rts n nutrint inputs or h o th orgni wsts Wst nutrint input Orgni wst Wst rt (1) P K C Mg N S Mn Zn Cu B F mg kg -1 Mg h -1() mg kg -1 Chikn mnur, Pig mnur 7, NI NI 9.5 Hors mnur 5, NI. Swg slug 1 1, Swg slug 9, NI. Swust, Plnt sustrt 5, Coonut ir, Pin rk, Cttl mnur, Pt 5, Quil mnur 7, NI 9. Co husk, Compost 1, NI Biohr, NI: not intii. (1) Orgni wst rt us to in soil g kg -1 o C. () Rt lult onsiring th wst ition t th.-.1 m soil pth. Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 5

6 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... wst n gnrt orgni n inorgni ii spis, suh s H SO n HNO (Glos t l., ). Soil iiition u to th us o wsts in rop ils ws lso osrv y Nsimnto t l. () n Simont t l. (). Furthrmor, th hngs in soil ph r rlt to th nitriition rt, th oxition o irnt hmil spis n th proution o orgni is uring th wst omposition (Mokolot n Hyns, ). Th ition o wsts signiintly inrs soil ph in th TH plots, whn ompr to th ontrols, with th xption o th swg slug 1 n pt. Suh high ph (ov 7) vlus msur in som o th TH plots r ov o th ph rng (5.5-.) thnilly rommn or rops. In th RH n smpls, only quil n hikn mnurs n ompost propitit soil ph vlus signiintly highr thn thos vlus msur or th ontrol. It shoul, howvr, mntion tht th initil ph (ontrol) o smpls ws los to 7. Evluting th nutrliztion o soil iity ollowing swin, rit, got, hikn n ttl mnur us, Ano n Uohi (7) lso vrii this inrs in soil ph whn th wst rts wr lvt rom 1 to Mg h -1. In this stuy, th wst rt rng rom.5 to 5. Mg h -1. Suh high wst rt mplitu is rlt to th sustntil vritions in th wst C ontnt (Tl ). Among th wsts invstigt, thos originting rom intnsiv niml proution systms (hikn n quil mnurs) r rih in nutrints, hv high ph vlus n sh ontnts, n low C ontnts. Th lowr th wst C ontnt, th highr th wst rt us in th prsnt stuy. Suh hrtristis possily xplin th mrk t o hikn n quil mnurs in inrsing th ph o ll soils invstigt. Th t o th ompost on soil ph is proly rlt to th t tht this rsiu ws lim uring omposting. Th inrs in th ph o th TH plots trt with ulyptus swust th wst with th lowst ph vlu ws unusul, n srvs urthr invstigtion. Soil iity nutrliztion us y OW is xplin y th rt ppli, n wst initil ph, minly or thos rsius whos ph vlus r within th lklin rng. Droxyltion o orgni nions u to omposition, omplxtion o r H + n Al + ions with orgni ligns n inrs sturtion o soil CEC y C +, Mg + n K + y th wsts r othr possil xplntions or soil ph hngs (Pvinto n Rosolm, ). N minrliztion, with susqunt proution o OH y orgni ligns, is nothr pross tht oul xplin th soil ph inrs (Mkhl n Wrnn, 5). High ph vlus wr osrv or som wsts in th TH n soils. Suh high ph lvls rquir r n mn justmnts to th wst rt in soils, minly or thos wsts with high ontnts o nutrints n sh n high initil ph. Thus, sis th nutrint input y th wst us in griulturl ils, th inrs in soil ph shoul lso onsir whn th wst rt is lult, sin, in most plots, th ph inrs to vlus yon th rng suitl or ultivtion o most rops (Souz t l., 7). Th rsults o this stuy show tht, oring to th wst us, th soil ph n inrs or ru. Th ition o most o th orgni wsts to ii soils is potntilly rlil strtgy or inrsing soil ph. Thus, sis th ition o trgt nutrints (minly N, P n K), th mgnitu o th ph inrs n th wst lim vlu shoul lso onsir whn th wst gronomi rt is in. I th wst pity in nutrlizing soil iity is not tkn into ount, th high soil ph in most ss ov ph 7 osrv in som plots my svrly t th plnt growth u to short-n long-trm onsquns o ovr liming on pripittion n mironutrint vilility to rops (Aru t l., 7). Soil ph vlus ov 7 r irt link to th pripittion o P with C, losss o soil N s mmoni, n xhustion o soil orgni mttr lvls u to lrt omposition y miroorgnisms. Exhngl Al lvls wr low in th thr stui soils (Figur 1), ut thy ir signiintly mong th trtmnts. Exhngl Al ws nutrliz in th TH whn hikn, pig, hors n quil mnurs, n lim ompost wr ppli. In th RH, th lvls o Al + wr signiintly highr or hors mnur, swg slugs 1 n, pin rk n pt, in omprison to th othr wsts tst. Th pplition o swg Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515

7 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... ph(h O) 9 7 TH ph(h O) 9 7 RH ph(h O) TH. RH. Al + (mol m - )...1 Al + (mol m - )...1 Al + (mol m - ) C + (mol m - ) TH C + (mol m - ) RH C + (mol m - ) TH.5 RH.5 Mg + (mol m - )... Mg + (mol m - )... Mg + (mol m - )... V (%) TH V (%) RH V (%) Lgn 1 Chikn mnur Swg slug 1 7 Plnt sustrt 1 Cttl mnur 1 Co husk 1 Control Pig mnur 5 Swg slug Coonut ir 11 Pt 1 Compost Hors mnur Swust 9 Pin rk 1 Quil mnur 15 Biohr Figur 1. Soil iity proprtis o Ltossolo Vrmlho-Amrlo Distróio (Typi Hplustox-TH), Ltossolo Vrmlho Distróio (Rhoi Hpluox-RH) n Nossolo Qurtzrênio (Qurtzipsmmnt-) s inlun y th stui orgni wsts. Mns ollow y th sm lttr o not ir signiintly y th Sott-Knott tst (p<.5). Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 7

8 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... slugs 1 n n iohr inrs Al + vlus signiintly in th smpls, showing th pity o ths wsts to inrs th toxi lvls o Al in plnts grown in sny soil. Nutrliztion o Al + is xplin u to Al omplxtion y orgni is or omplxing ligns (Mnonç t l., ; Tj t l., 1). In ition, n inrs in th soil ph lso xplins th rs in Al + whn th soil ph in wtr is highr thn 5. u to th pripittion o Al hmil spis y OH (Souz t l., 7). Aluminum toxiition u to th ormtion o orgni mttr-al omplxs is nothr pross whih lowrs th tivity o phytotoxi monomri Al (Mokolot n Hyns, ). Compr to th ontrol, th lvls o C + in th TH smpls wr signiintly highr or ll th inut wsts, with th xption o th soils trt with pt (Figur 1). For th RH smpls, only th trtmnts with hikn n quil mnurs, sustrt n ompost signiintly inrs th C + lvls in th RH smpls, whrs, or th, only ompost n mnur rom hikn n quil rsult in highr vilility o C +. Consiring ll th soil smpls invstigt, th wst C inputs poorly (R rom.1 to.1) xplin th inrs in th soil C + lvls. In t, th inrs in soil C vilility ws only link to th us o hikn n quil mnurs n lim ompost. Lvls o Mg + show onsirl vriility in th thr soils (Figur 1), gin, minly rlting th inputs o Mg y poultry mnur n ompost. In gnrl, th rts n typs o invstigt wsts wr not suitl to inrs th soil Mg vill ontnt to th lvl (. mol m - ) onsir qut or plnt growth. Bs sturtion (V) lvls wr signiintly highr in th TH, or most wsts, xpt or slug 1 n pt. In th RH plots, only smpls trt with ompost n hikn, quil n ttl mnurs show signiintly highr vlus o V, whil, in th soil trt with swg slug 1 n pt, V lvls wr signiintly lowr thn th ontrol (Figur 1). For th smpls, rtiliztion with hors mnur, slugs 1 n, swust, plnt sustrt, pt n iohr signiintly rs th s sturtion vlus, whil V ws highr in soils trt with hikn n quil mnurs, n with ompost, in omprison to th othr wsts in soils. Th inrs in V vlus in most o th thr soils trt with wsts n xplin y th inrs in soil ph n tions (C +, Mg + n K + ), n it is lso rlt to hngs in soil CEC, wst typ, th rt to soil, wst si tion inputs, n th wst lim or iiition vlu. Th C lvls wr only slightly moii in th TH smpls u to th ition o wsts (Figur ), with signiint inrs in C lvls in th smpls trt with th plnt sustrt n rs in soil smpls trt with hikn, pig n quil mnurs, pin rk, ompost n iohr. Smll or minor vritions in soil C lvls n xplin y th low mount ( g kg -1 ) o C y th wsts in rltion to th ntiv C ontnts oun in th RH (C ontnt qul to, mg kg -1 ), TH (C qul to 1, mg kg -1 ), n smpls (C ontnt qul to 9, mg kg -1 ). Bsis th mount o C to th soil y th wst, th tiv ontriution o orgni rtiliztion to inrs SOM lvls lso rlis on th hmil ntur o th C in th wst. Th ition o mor humii or rlitrnt C y th plnt sustrt oul xplin th inrs in C ontnts in th TH smpls, howvr, th lil ntur o most wsts in th soil with th lowst SOM lvl (TH) oul xplin th rution in th C lvl in omprison to th ontrol plot. Th us o wsts my improv th vilility o nutrints n soil onitions (Hrgrvs n Wrmn, ), nhning th onitions or soil orgni mttr omposition. Th pplition o iohr oul rsult in th onsumption o ll or prt o th C vi th wst n prt o th ntiv soil C, u to, mong othr tors, th priming t (Cly t l., 1). An inrs in th soil orgni mttr omposition rt tr th us o wst, s th soil trt with mnurs mitt lrgr quntitis o C-CO into th tmosphr thn th non-rtiliz soil, ws rport y Frnns t l. (11). As th inution tim inrs, th rtions o C tht rmin in soil wr lss lil, whih ru th orgni mttr omposition rt. During omposition, lrg prt o C is lost to th ir in th orm o C-CO ; thus, th C vi wst is prtilly inorport into th miroil iomss n soil humus (Ris n Roll, ). Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515

9 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... TC (%) 5 TH 5 5 RH TC (%) TC (%) CEC (mol m - ) S-Sult (mg m- ) K + (mg m- ) TH 1 RH CEC (mol m - ) K + (mg m- ) CEC (mol m - ) K + (mg m- ) TH 15 RH g g 5 g g TH RH S-Sult (mg m- ) TH RH 1 S-Sult (mg m- ) 5 15 P (mg m- ) EC (µs m -1 ) P (mg m- ) EC (µs m -1 ) P (mg m- ) EC (µs m -1 ) TH RH Lgn Chikn mnur Swg slug 1 7 Plnt sustrt 1 Cttl mnur 1 Co husk 1 Control Pig mnur 5 Swg slug Coonut ir 11 Pt 1 Compost Hors mnur Swust 9 Pin rk 1 Quil mnur 15 Biohr Figur. Frtility proprtis o soils [Ltossolo Vrmlho-Amrlo Distróio (Typi Hplustox-TH), Ltossolo Vrmlho Distróio (Rhoi Hpluox-RH) n Nossolo Qurtzrênio (Qurtzipsmmnt-)] rtiliz with irnt orgni wsts. Mns ollow y th sm lttr o not ir signiintly y th Sott-Knott tst (p<.5), onsiring h soil sprtly. CEC: tion xhng pity t ph 7; TC: Totl ron; P n K: xtrt y Mhlih-1 solution; EC: ltril onutivity. Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 9

10 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... Ction xhng pity t ph 7 inrs in ll TH plots trt with wsts, with th xption o th smpls trt with iohr. Quil n hikn mnurs n ompost stoo out with highr CEC t ph 7, in omprison to th ontrol plots. In th RH smpls, only swg slugs 1 n, sustrt, pt n ompost th most humii orgni wsts us in this stuy inrs th soil CEC to vlus highr thn thos msur in th ontrol plot. smpls trt with hikn, pig, ttl, n quil mnurs, swg slugs 1 n, pt n ompost show signiintly h highr vlus o CEC thn th non-rtiliz smpls. Chngs in th CEC o soils with vril hrgs, mong othr tors, r irtly link to vritions in th soil C ontnt n to th gnrtion o ngtiv hrgs in th SOM n in th humii ompouns oun in th wsts. Th nsity o ngtiv hrgs ssoit with soil ollois is lso pnnt on th soil ph (Oorts t l., ; Rij, 1). Similrly, inrs hrg nsity t roxyli n phnoli groups o SOM my link to n inrs in soil CEC, gin, inlun y th inrs in soil ph, whih ws us y most o th wsts invstigt. In this stuy, th wst C ontnts poorly (R <.5) xplin th hngs in soil CEC. Th soil ngtiv hrg nsity msur t ph 7 ws lso not orrlt to soil ph vlus n C ontnts, onsiring ll th soil-wst mixturs invstigt. Proly, th CEC hngs osrv or th wst-trt TH plots n xplin whn soil C ontnts, ph vlus n th hmil ntur n humiition gr o th wst OM, n thir umultiv ts on soil CEC, r onsir togthr. Lvls o S-sult wr signiintly inrs in ll TH wst-trt plots, in omprison to non-rtiliz soil. In th RH smpls, only th trtmnts with hikn, pig n hors mnurs n swg slug 1 show signiintly highr vill S thn th ontrol. In th smpls, trtmnts with hikn n pig mnurs, slugs 1 n, n o husk inrs th vilility o vill S in soil. Th ontnts o S-sult wr ov th ritil lvl (1 mg m - ) in soil qut or most rops, minly in th plots rtiliz with swg slug 1. Th inrs in th soil S-sult lvls rlts omintion o tors rlt to wst S input, s ws osrv in this stuy, sin positiv rltionship twn soil S-sult ontnts n wst S input ws oun or th thr soils, with th oiints o trmintion (R ) rnging rom. to.71. Th inrss in SOM n wst minrliztion, minly or thos rih in S, r nothr sour o S-sult in soils. Aitionlly, th inrs in soil ph my rs th sorption o SO in soil. It is likly tht th inrs vilility o S-sult in mium n sny txtur soils is ttr xplin y th inrs in SOM omposition n wst S input rthr thn th rution in sult sorption u to soil ph hngs. Th pplition o hikn, ttl n quil mnurs, o husk n ompost signiintly inrs th lvls o K + in soil, whos ontnts rng rom to 11 mg m - in th TH smpls (K + in th ontrol qul to 1 mg m - ). For th RH smpls, soil K + ontnts wr lso rgult y th wst tst, n th vill K rng rom to 1 mg m - (K + in th ontrol qul to mg m - ). In th smpls, K + lvls wr inrs, rnging rom 5 to 71 mg m -, in omprison to K + qul to mg m - in th ontrol plot. Th K vill ontnts trmin in th wst-trt TH n RH smpls wr onsir high n thy wr nlos in th sm soil rtility lss (high lvl) or oth soils. Th lvls o K + msur in th sny () smpls wr lssii s mium, tking into ount th K soil rtility lsss opt or Mins Gris soils (Alvrz V t l.,1999). Th inrs in soil K lvls positivly orrlt with th wst K inputs (Tl ), with oiint o trmintion roun. or this rltionship. Thus, th inrs in soil K + lvls rlis on th typ o wst to th soil n th orrt hoi o th wst ssurs, or most soil-wst mixturs, suitl lvls o vill K to mt th nutritionl rquirmnts o most rops. Phosphorus lvls wr signiintly highr or th soil smpls rtiliz with hikn, pig n quil mnurs, swg slugs 1 n n ompost, with th xption o smpls trt with swg slug 1. Th irns in soil vill P ontnts mong Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 1

11 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... th soil-wst mixturs invstigt my rlt to low molulr wight orgni is n othr omplxnts prou uring th wst omposition, whih hv th potntil to lok th ixtion o P on ly minrls n F n Al + oxi surs (Mkhl n Wrmn, 5; Novis t l., 7). Chngs in soil ph llgly promot th pripittion o F n Al, ruing th ormtion P-F n P-A1 pripitts; th gnrtion o ngtiv hrgs in ollois rpls th phospht ion rom soil P rtntion sits (MBri, 199). In ition, som wsts n orgni P to th soil in lil orms, ompr to lss vill P ssoit with th minrl phs o most Brzilin soils (Erhrt t l., ). Th high orrltion o soil vill P n wst P input (R rnging rom.77 to.9) is lso nothr rlil xplntion or th inrs vilility o P in th soils invstigt in this stuy. Th mnurs, slugs n ompost tst in this stuy provi in ll soils invstigt qut lvls o vill P or growing most rops. Eltril onutivity vlus (Figur ) ws signiintly inrs in th wst-trt TH (rom 75 to 1 µs m -1 ) n RH (rom 51 9 µs m -1 ) smpls, in omprison to th EC vlus trmin in th ontrol plots (EC vlus o n 199 µs m -1, rsptivly, or th TH n RH ontrol plots). In th smpls, th ition o hikn, pig, hors, ttl n quil mnurs, swg slugs 1 n n ompost inrs signiintly th EC (rom 7 to 1 µs m -1 ) to vlus highr thn thos EC lvl msur in th untrt soil (EC=51 µs m -1 ). Th EC vlus oun in this work r low th stlish ritil rng (75 to,9 μs m -1 ) or propr plnt growth, oring to A t l. (1). Th hngs in th soil EC msur in this stuy wr oth soil n wst-pnnt. Th inrs in th soil EC vlus n xplin y th inputs o nutrints n slts ontin in th wsts. In th soil systm, th mount o slts n ions oun in th liqui phs r in quilirium with thir lvls in th soli phs. Thus, in soil, it is vry plusil tht th tors govrning soluiliztion, sorption n minrliztion/immoiliztion prosss xrt grt inlun on th mounts o ions govrning soil EC. Th ition o wst to soil mrkly hng th mgnitu o ll soil prosss s mntion ov. Th ph hng is ky tor rgulting th soluility n vilility o nutrints in soil. Th wst n soil orgni mttr minrliztion rts r othr ky tors whih strongly rgult th mounts o ions in th liqui phs s wll s th soil EC vlus. Avill Zn lvls wr signiintly highr or th thr soils trt with hikn, pig, n quil mnurs, ompost, n spilly with slugs 1 n (Figur ), in whih th trt soil prsnt Zn + lvls in th rng o -1 mg m -, whil th mximum soil Zn vlus hiv y th othr wsts i not rh mg m - o Zn +. This rsult n xplin u to th high lvls o tr lmnts oun in th slugs (Tl ) whih, oring to Lops t l. (), my ris th lvls o Zn to toxi lvls in soil, thus inrsing th possiility o nutrint trnsrn to th ntir oo hin (Allowy, 1995). Lvls o F + in th soil wr signiintly highr or th trtmnts with ttl n quil mnurs, o husk n ompost, whn th TH smpls wr onsir, whrs, or th RH smpls, no irn ws osrv mong th trtmnts. For th smpls, trtmnt o soil with pig, hors n ttl mnurs, slug 1 n n pin rk signiintly inrs th soil F lvls, whrs th trtmnts with hikn mnurs n sustrt l to signiintly lowr lvls o F + s ompr to th ontrol (Figur ). Th rs vilility o F in th hikn n sustrt-trt soils ws proly u to th inrs in ph to lvls ov thos onsir optimum (5.5-.) or plnt growth. As th soil ph inrss, th vilility o F is mrkly ru; in th ph lklin rng rh in th hikn mnur-trt soils, svr F iiny in ultivt plnts is ntiipt. Th vill F + ontnts trmin in ll th wst-trt soils wr r ov th stlish ritil vlu ( mg m - ) or qut plnt growth in th Mins Gris soils (Aru t l., 7). Lvls o Mn + wr vril or h soil (Figur ), n most wst pplitions rsult in high nutrint vilility, with th xption o swust, o husk n iohr in th TH smpls, n pin rk in th RH smpls. Th ition o hikn, ttl n quil mnurs, Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:

12 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... Zn + (mg m - ) TH 1 RH Zn + (mg m - ) TH 5 RH 5 Zn + (mg m - ) 1 F + (mg m - ) F + (mg m - ) F + (mg m - ) Mn + (mg m - ) Cu + (mg m - ) B (mg m - ) TH 1 RH TH RH Mn + (mg m - ) Cu + (mg m - ) TH RH B (mg m - ) Mn + (mg m - ) Cu + (mg m - ) B (mg m - ) Lgn 1 Chikn mnur Swg slug 1 7 Plnt sustrt 1 Cttl mnur 1 Co husk 1 Control Pig mnur 5 Swg slug Coonut ir 11 Pt 1 Compost Hors mnur Swust 9 Pin rk 1 Quil mnur 15 Biohr Figur. Contnts o vill mironutrints in soils [Ltossolo Vrmlho-Amrlo Distróio (Typi Hplustox-TH), Ltossolo Vrmlho Distróio (Rhoi Hpluox-RH) n Nossolo Qurtzrênio (Qurtzipsmmnt-)] trt with orgni wsts. Mns ollow y th sm lttr o not ir signiintly y th Sott-Knott (p<.5) tst. Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 1

13 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... oonut ir, pin rk n ompost us signiintly highr lvls o Mn + in th smpls, in omprison to th soil not trt with wst (ontrol). Th inrs in soil Mn + ontnts oul xplin, mong othr tors, y th issolution n minrliztion o Mn orgni orms oun in th wst (Hu t l., 1), long with th wst Mn input. Th ormtion o solul orgno-mtlli omplxs n th t o th wst on soil ph long with th onsquns o ths hngs on th ln o pripitt n solul Mn orms in soil nnot xlu. Th input o Mn y pt ws th highst mongst th wsts invstigt, ut suh high lvl o Mn into th soil y pt i not inrs th soil Mn vilility. In soil, vill Mn lvls r rgult y th ph, th intnsity o sorption prosss n th rox potntil (MBri, 199). In ii soils, th Mn vilility tns to mximum, ompr to lklin soil onitions (Hu t l., 1). An inrs in th mount o Mn sor onto ly n oxi surs rus th mounts o rily vill Mn to plnts (Morir t l., 1). Lvls o Cu + vri oring to th wst to th soil, ut inrs vilility Cu + ws not in th thr soils whn slugs 1 n wr us, with Cu + lvls rnging rom 1.1 to.5 mg m - (Figur ), whih rprsnts lvls up to thr tims ov th ritil lvl stlish or Brzilin soils. Among othr onitioning tors, th inrs in Cu vilility ws minly u to th input o Cu suppli vi th wst. Howvr, othr tors (soil ph, CEC, n ly ontnt n OM, n th ts o th wst on ths soil ttriuts) tht xrt n inlun on th soil Cu rtions suh s sorption/sorption, pripittion/issolution, omplxtion n rox prosss, s wll s on th vilility o oppr in soil, nnot xlu (MBri t l., 1997; Olivir n Mttizzo, 1). As th soil ph n s sturtion lvls inrs, th ontnt o Cu + is ru. Th vlus o ph n V oun in th slug-trt soils r mong th lowst vlus osrv in this stuy, in omprison to th othr wsts. Coppr sorption is inrs whn th ontnt o ly n th soil CEC r highr. An inrs in th lvl o B ws only vrii in th TH smpls, minly whn this soil ws trt with hors, ttl n quil mnurs, pin rk, pt, o husk, ompost n iohr (Figur ). Th ontnt o B, n its input y th wsts, ws low; howvr, th ynmis o this nutrint in soil is omplx n ontroll y mny tors, suh s txtur, ph, OM n soil minrlogy (Azvo t l., 1). Th vilility o B in soil is irtly ssoit with th soil orgni mttr (SOM) ontnt. Any onition tht rgults th SOM omposition rt my intrr in th soil vill B ontnt. Although totl B lvls tn to highr in lyy rthr thn in sny soils, th ontnt o vill B, in gnrl, is lowr in inly txtur soils us o inrs B sorption on ly minrls n F n Al oxi surs unntly oun in wthr soils (Alloni n Cmrgo, ). A oron onntrtion in soil ov mg m - is onsir toxi to most rops (Allowy, 1995; Aru t l., 5); thus, or som o th wsts ppli to th TH smpls, it ws nssry to monitor th lvls o vill B, sin thy wr ov this thrshol lvl. CONCLUSIONS Animl mnurs, ompost n lkliniz wsts hv xllnt potntil to inrs soil ph to lvls ov o thos onsir optiml or plnt growth. Ovr-liming o sny n mium txtur soils inits tht th wst rt, in ition to th trgt nutrint to to th soil, must s on th soil iity uring pity n in th wst liming n gronomi vlu. Soil ltril onutivity ws slightly inrs in th Qurtzrni Nosol () n Typi Hplustox (TH); howvr, it ws shrply hng (rom 195 to 9 µs m -1 ) y th ition o orgni wsts in th Oxisol (RH) smpls, minly whn th soil ws inut with hikn n pig mnurs, swg slug, o husk n ompost. Rgrlss o th mgnitu o th soil ltril onutivity hng, th soil EC vlus oun in this stuy wr low th rng onsir s or plnt growth. Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 1

14 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... Fixing th mount o C ( g kg -1 ) to soils rquir lrg vrition in th wst rts, ut n inrs in th wst rt is not gurnt o highr nutrint input n, in most ss, i not ssur improvmnts in soil rtility ttriuts. Th us o hikn, ttl n quil mnurs, o husk n ompost signiintly inrs th lvls o K + in th thr soils, n th ition o hikn, pig n quil mnurs, swg slug n ompost signiintly inrs soil P lvls, with th highst ontnts oun or th soil with th lowst C ontnt (TH). Rgrlss o th ppli rt, niml mnur, swg slug n ompost r wsts tht h th grtst t on th soil rtility ttriuts nlyz in th prsnt stuy, ut th mgnitu o th hngs promot y h wst ws soil-pnnt. Chngs in th soil vilility o P, K +, C + n Zn + wr highly rlt to th inputs o ths nutrints provi y th wsts. Most o th wsts tst wr not pl o proviing th qut lvls o xhngl Mg rquir y rops. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Finnil support or this stuy ws provi y FAPEMIG (PPM, pross /9) n y th Ntionl Counsl o Thnologil n Sintii Dvlopmnt - CNPq (CT-AGRO 5791/-7 n 59/11-5 grnts) n CAPES-PROEX (AUXPE 59/1) or innil support provi. CNPq lso provi sholrships or th uthors o this rsrh. W lso thnk Dr. Frnno Crvlho Olivir n Jons Jo Chiri (Biossolo Agriultur n Amint Lt. n th Oprsn Srviços Amintis) or proviing on o th swg slug smpls. W r lso in t to Dr. Fáio S. Higshikw, or llowing us to us most o th stui wsts. REFERENCES A M, Nogur P, Burés S. Ntionl invntory o orgni wsts or us s growing mi or ornmntl pott plnt proution: s stuy in Spin. Biorsour Thnol. 1;77:197-. oi:1.11/s9-5()15- Aruzzini TF, Silv CA, Anr DA, Crniro WJO. Inlun o igstion mthos on th rovry o iron, zin, nikl, hromium, mium n l ontnts in 11 orgni rsius. Rv Brs Cin Solo. 1;:1-7. oi:1.159/s1-111 Aru CA, Lops AS, Sntos, GCG. Mironutrints. In: Novis RF, Alvrz V VH, Brros NF, Fonts RLF, Cntrutti RB, Nvs JCL, itors. Frtili o solo. Viços, MG: Soi Brsilir Ciêni o Solo; 7. p.5-7. Aru CA, Rij Bvn, Aru MF, Gonzálz AP. Routin soil tsting to monitor hvy mtls n oron in soils. Si Agri. 5;:5-71. oi:1.159/s Aru Júnior CH, Bortto AE, Murok T, Kihl JC. Uso gríol rsíuos orgânios: Propris químis o solo proução vgtl. Tópios Cin Solo. 5;:91-7. Aimrun W, Amin MSM, Rusnm M, Ahm DESA, Hn MM, Anur AR. Bulk soil ltril onutivity s n stimtor o nutrints in th miz ultivt ln. Eur J Sint Rs. 9;1:7-51. Alloni LRF, Cmrgo OA. Boron sorption in soils rom th Stt o São Pulo, Brzil. Psq Agrop Brs. ;5:1-. oi:1.159/s1-x Allowy BJ. Hvy mtls in soils. Lonon: Blki Ami n Prossionl; Alvrz V VH, Novis RF, Brros NF, Cntrutti RB, Lops AS. Intrprtção os rsultos s náliss solos. In: Riiro AC, Guimrãs PTG, Alvrz V VH, itors. Romnção pr o uso orrtivos rtiliznts m Mins Gris: 5 Aproximção. Viços, MG: Comissão Frtili o Solo o Esto Mins Gris; p.5-. Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 1

15 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... Azvo WR, Fquin, V, Frnns LA. Asorção oro m solos várz o Sul Mins Gris. Psq Agrop Brs. 1;:957-. oi:1.159/s1-x175 Ano AO, Uohi CI. Nutrliztion o soil iity y niml mnurs: mhnism o rtion. Ar J Biothnol. 7;:-. oi:1.597/ajb7.-1 Br-Tl A, Yrmiyhu U, Rosnrg R, Zohr D, Rosn V, Fin P. Nitrogn, phosphorus n potssium uptk y wht n thir istriution in soil ollowing sussiv, nnul ompost pplitions. J Environ Qul. ;: oi:1.1/jq.155 Bronson KF, Bookr JD, Oir SJ, Lsno RJ, Ms SJ, Sry SW, Bookr J. Apprnt ltril onutivity, soil proprtis n sptil ovrin in th U.S. southrn high plins. Pris Agri. 5;: oi:1.17/s Cly P, Trquis AM, Pz-Frriro, J, Ménz A, Gsó1 G. Ftors riving th ron minrliztion priming t in sny lom soil mn with irnt typs o iohr. Soli Erth Disus. 1;5:55-9. oi:1.519/s--9-1 Diono M, Montmurro F. Long-trm ts o orgni mnmnts on soil rtility. A rviw. Agron Sust Dv. 1;:1-. oi:1.17/ _ Dikiny O, Muwnzl N. Chikn mnur-nhn soil rtility n proutivity: ts o pplition rts. J Soil Si Environ Mng. 1;1:-5. Erhrt DN, Vnrm PRS, Bqur T, Guimrãs MF. Inluêni grnulomtri minrlogi sor rtnção o ósoro m Ltossolos so pstgns no rro. Rv Brs Cin Solo. ;:19-1. oi:1.159/s1-1 Frrir DF. SISVAR: gui or its ootstrp prours in multipl omprisons. Cin Agrot. 1;:19-1. oi:1.159/s Frnns AHBM, Alvs MC, Souz RAC, Frnns RA, Sors MTS, Crispim SMA, Glvni R, Lisit FO. Nitriição minrlizção rono m solos trtos om jtos suínos ioigrios. Corumá: Emrp; 11. (Boltim Psquis Dsnvolvimnto, 111). Glos MV, Mri IC, Cmrgo OA. Atriutos químios proução milho m um Ltossolo Vrmlho utroérrio trto om loo sgoto. Rv Brs Cin Solo. ;: oi:1.159/s1-17 Hrgrvs JC, Al MS, Wrmn PR. Rviw o th us o ompost muniipl soli wst in griultur. Agri Eosyst Environ. ;1:1-1. oi:1.11/j.g.7.7. Hrml RD, Smith DR, Hny RH, Dozir M. Nitrogn n phosphorus runo rom ropln n pstur ils rtiliz with poultry littr. J Soil Wtr Consrv. 9;:-1. oi:1.9/jsw... Higshikw FS, Silv CA, Bttiol W. Chmil n physil proprtis o orgni rsius. Rv Brs Cin Solo. 1;:17-5. oi:1.159/s1-15 Hu NV, Vg S, Silv JA. Mngns toxiity in Hwiin Oxisol t y soil ph n orgni mnmnts. Soil Si So Am J. 1;5:15-. oi:1.1/sssj1.5115x Li Y, Shi Z, Wu CF, Li HY, Li F. Dtrmintion o potntil mngmnt zons rom soil ltril onutivity, yil n rop t. J Zhjing Univ Si. ;9:-7. oi:1.11/jzus.b7179 Lops LF, Cost ACS, D olivir PS, Gil LG. Utilizção gríol loo inustril omo ont zino n ultur o risântmo. Horti Brs. ;:-. oi:1.159/s1-5 MBri M, Suvé S, Hnrshot W. Soluility ontrol o Cu, Zn, C n P in ontmint soils. Eur J Soil Si. 1997;:7-. oi:1.1111/j t55.x MBri MB. Environmntl hmistry o soils. Nw York: Univrsity Prss; 199. Mkhl MS, Wrmn PR. Th inlun o muniipl soli wst ompost on yil, soil phosphorus vilility n uptk y two vgtl rops grown in Pugwsh sny lom soil in Nov Soti. Agri Eosyst Environ. 5;1:57-7. oi:1.11/j.g..7.1 Mlo LCA, Silv CA, Dis BO. Crtrizção mtriz orgâni rsíuos origns ivrsiis. Rv Brs Cin Solo. ;:11-1. oi:1.159/s1-11 Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:

16 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... Mnonç ES, Rowll DL, Mrtins AG, Silv AP. Et o ph on th vlopmnt o ii sits in lyy n Sny lom Oxisol rom th Crro Rgion, Brzil. Gorm. ;1:11-. oi:1.11/j.gorm Mokolot MS, Hyns RJ. Comprtiv liming t o our orgni rsius ppli to n i soil. Biol Frtil Soils. ;5:79-5. oi:1.17/s7-1-9-z Morir SG, Prohnow LI, Kihl JC, Pultti V, Mrtin-Nto L. Chmil orms in soil n vilility o mngns n zin to soyn in soil unr irnt tillg systms. Soil Till Rs. 1;1,:1-5. oi:1.11/j.still Müllr T, Hoppr H. Soil orgni mttr turnovr s untion o th soil ly ontnt: onsquns or mol pplitions. Soil Biol Biohm. ;:77-. oi:1.11/j.soilio Nsimnto CWA, Brros DAS, Mlo EEC, Olivir AB. Altrçõs químis m solos rsimnto milho ijoiro pós plição loo sgoto. Rv Brs Cin Solo. ;:5-9. oi:1.159/s1-17 Novis RF, Smyth TJ, Nuns FN. Fósoro. In: Novis RF, Alvrz V VH, Brros NF, Fonts RHF, Cntrutti RB, Nvs JCL, itors. Frtili o solo. Viços, MG: Soi Brsilir Ciêni o Solo; 7. p Olivir FC, Mttizzo ME. Moili mtis psos m um Ltossolo Amrlo istróio trto om loo sgoto ultivo om n--çúr. Si Agri. 1;5:7-1. oi:1.159/s1-911 Oorts K, Vnluw B, Mrkx R. Ction xhng pitis o soil orgni mttr rtions in Frri Lixisol with irnt orgni mttr inputs. Agri Eosyst Environ. ;1: oi:1.11/s17-9()19-7 Pvinto PS, Rosolm CA. Disponiili nutrints no solo - omposição lirção ompostos orgânios rsíuos vgtis. Rv Brs Cin Solo. ;:911-. oi:1.159/s1-1 Prlt NR, Cost JL. Dlintion o mngmnt zons with soil pprnt ltril onutivity to improv nutrint mngmnt. Comp Eltron Agri. 1;99:1-. oi:1.11/j.ompg Pnh HGV, Mnzs JFS, Silv CA, Lops G, Crvlho CA, Rmos SJ, Guilhrm LRG. Nutrint umultion n vilility n rop yils ollowing long-trm pplition o pig slurry in Brzilin Crro soil. Nutr Cyl Agroosyst. 15;11:59-9. oi:1.17/s Rij Bvn. Frtili solo no Brsil. Cmpins: Instituto Agronômio, Inormçõs Agronômis; 1. Ris TC, Roll AA. Cinéti grção mtéri orgâni vrição o ph o solo so irnts tmprturs. Rv Brs Cin Solo. ;:19-. oi:1.159/s1- Sntos HG, Jomin P KT, Anjos LHC, Olivir VAVL, Frniso J, Colho MR, Almi JA, Cunh TJF, Olivir JB, oornors. Sistm rsiliro lssiição solos. ª.. Brsíli, DF: Emrp; 1. Shnmugm GS. Soil n plnt rspons o orgni mnmnts on strwrry n hl high lurry ultivrs [thsis]. Hlix, Nov Soti: Dlhousi Univrsity; 5. Silv CA. Uso rsíuos orgânios n griultur. In: Sntos GA, Silv LS, Cnlls LP, Cmrgo RAO, itors. Funmntos mtéri orgâni o solo: ossistms tropiis sutropiis. ª.. Porto Algr: Mtrópol;. p.11-. Silv FC, Aru MF, Pérz DV, Eir PA, Aru CA, Rij Bvn, Ginllo C, Colho AM, Quggio JA, Tso MJ, Silv CA, Cntrll H, Brrto WO. Métoos náliss químis pr vlição rtili o solo. In: Silv FC, itor. Mnul náliss químis solos, plnts rtiliznts. Brsíli, DF: Emrp Comunição pr Trnsrêni Tnologi; 9. p.17-. Simont MA, Kihl JC, Anr CA, Tixir CFA. Eito o loo sgoto m um Argissolo no rsimnto nutrição milho. Psq Agrop Brs. ;: oi:1.159/s1-x1 Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;:1515 1

17 Crmo t l. Soil Frtility n Eltril Conutivity At y Orgni Wst Rts... Smith SR. A ritil rviw o th iovilility n impts o hvy mtls in muniipl soli wst omposts ompr to swg slug. Environ Int. 9;5:1-5. oi:1.11/j.nvint...9 Soil Survy St. Kys to soil txonomy. 11 th. Wshington: USDA, Nturl Rsours Consrvtion Srvi; 1. Souz DMG, Mirn LN, Olivir SA. Aiz o solo su orrção. In: Novis RF, Alvrz V VH, Brros NF, Fonts RHF, Cntrutti RB, Nvs JCL, itors. Frtili o solo. Viços, MG, Soi Brsilir Ciêni o Solo; 7. p.-. Suuth KA, Kithn NR, Wiol WJ, Bthlor WD, Bollro GA, Bullok DG, Cly DE, Plm, HL, Pir FJ, Shulr RT, Thln KD. Rlting pprnt ltril onutivity to soil proprtis ross th north-ntrl USA. Comput Eltron Agri. 5;:-. oi:1.11/j.ompg Tj M, Gómz I, Hrnánz T, Gri C. Rspons o Eisni ti to th pplition o irnt orgni wsts in n luminium-ontmint soil. Eotox Environ S. 1;7:19-9. oi:1.11/j.onv Torri SI, Corrê RS. Downwr movmnt o potntilly toxi lmnts in iosolis mn soils. Appl Environ Soil Si. 1;1:1-7. oi:1.1155/1/157 Zinn YL, Gurr AR, Silv, CA, Fri JA, Silv TAC. Soil orgni ron n morphology s t y pin plnttion stlishmnt in Mins Gris, Brzil. For Eol Mng. 1;1:1-7. oi:1.11/j.oro.1.1. Rv Brs Cin Solo 1;: