Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds. Chapter 16
|
|
- Dinah Hopkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds Chapter 16
2 Sec7on 1 Why do Atoms Combine? Let s remember the basics: Ma@er is made up of Atoms The center of an atom contains a small nucleus that has a posi7ve charge. The rest of the atom is mostly empty space except for the 7ny electrons that have a nega7ve charge.
3 Electrons Where are electrons in an atom located? How do they travel? Electron cloud Around the nucleus in predictable areas (orbitals), but the exact posi7on of any par7cular electron cannot be calculated
4 Each element has it s own, unique atomic structure with a specific number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons will always equal the number of electrons
5 Electrons! Although electrons are incredibly small, they are responsible for many of the physical and chemical proper7es of the element Energy levels- The different loca0ons for an electron in an atom The electrons can be located closer to or farther from the nucleus, and this changes the energy of the electron
6 Each energy level can hold a maximum number of electrons The farther an energy level is from the nucleus, the more electrons it can hold The first level can hold up to 2 electrons The second level can hold up to 8 electrons The third level can hold up to 18 electrons The fourth level can hold up to 32 electrons
7 Electrons nearest the nucleus have the least energy (they are in energy level 1) Electrons farthest away from the nucleus have the most energy (they are in energy level 4) You can calculate the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an energy level by using the equa7on 2n 2 where n is the number of the energy level
8 Why do the electrons that are the farthest from the nucleus have the most energy? Electrons are nega7vely charged and are therefore to the posi7vely charged nucleus (remember: opposites The closer the electron to the nucleus the more strongly they are. It is easier to remove electrons that are farther away from the nucleus because they have a weaker a@rac7on to the nucleus.
9 How the Periodic Table Helps Us The periodic table is arranged in periods according to increasing atomic number What is atomic number? The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom The atoms are neutral, therefore the number of protons equals the number of electrons, so the atomic number also tells you the number of electrons in in atom of the element
10 Atomic Stability An atom is considered stable when it s outer energy level is full For example: Helium has an atomic # of 2. It has 2 electrons in energy level 1 (remember, energy level 1 can only hold 2 electrons). This energy level is full, so helium is stable.
11 Let s try another one: Lithium Group1, Period 2, atomic # 3 Lithium has 3 protons and 3 electrons 2 electrons will fill energy level 1 and 1 electron will be in energy level 2 (this is why the alkali metals are so reac7ve, there is only 1 electron in the outermost energy level!)
12 What about Carbon? Where is it located (group/ period)? Group 14, period 2 What is its atomic number? 6 How many electrons does it have? 6 Where are the electrons located? 2 in the first energy level, 4 in the second
13 Stable Octet Any element that has 8 electrons in its outermost energy level is stable This is why the noble gases are so stable Neon: Group 18, period 2, atomic #10 10 electrons total 2 electrons in the 1 st energy level, 8 in the second (stable octet)
14 Argon: Group 18, period 2, atomic #18 18 electrons total 2 electrons in the 1 st energy level, 8 electrons in the 2 nd energy level, 8 electrons in the 3 rd energy level (stable octet) Even though the 3 rd energy level is not full (the 3 rd level can hold 18 electrons), it is s7ll stable because it contains the magic number of 8 electrons in its outermost energy level
15 Element Families Element groups (families) have similar chemical proper7es because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost energy levels Alkali metals- 1 outer electron Alkaline earth metals- 2 outer electrons Halogens- 7 outer electrons Noble gases- 8 outer electrons
16 Halogens All the halogens need one electron to achieve a stable octet (they are in group 17 and have 7 electrons in their outermost energy level) The more reac7ve halogens form bonds more easily Reac7vity of halogens decreases down the group (fluorine is the most reac7ve because its outermost energy level is closer to the nucleus making its ability to a@ract another electron the greatest)
17 Alkali Metals The alkali metals all have one electron in their outer energy level All alkali metals form compounds that are similar to each other because of this one outer electron This outer electron is easier to remove from more reac7ve atoms Alkali metals increase in reac7vity DOWN the group (the opposite of the halogens) Why? Going down the group, the atoms become larger and the outer energy levels are farther away from the nucleus. There is less aarac0on between outer electrons and nucleus so they are easier to remove.
18 Electron Dot Diagrams Electron dot diagrams show only the electrons in the outer energy level This makes it easier to show reac7ons between atoms because the outer electrons determine how the element will react To make an electron dot diagram you surround the element symbol with as many dots as there are electrons in its outer energy level
19 For example: For the representa7ve elements (groups 1-2, 13-18) you can use the periodic table: Group 1 has 1 outer electron Group 2 has 2 outer electrons Group 13 has 3 outer electrons Group 14 has 4 outer electrons Etc to Group 18, which has 8 outer electrons (except for Helium which has 2)
20 The dots are in pairs on four sides of the element You start off with one dot and follow around the element un7l you run out of outer electrons or the energy level is full (remember how many electrons each level can hold) Let s use Oxygen as an example: It is in Group 16 so it has 6 outer electrons O
21 Chemical Bonds Once you know how to write electron dot diagrams you can use them to show how atoms bond with each other Chemical bond The force that holds two atoms together Atoms bond so that they can be more stable (they want their outer energy levels to be like noble gases- a stable octet)
22 How Elements Bond Sec7on 2
23 Atoms form bonds with other atoms using the electrons in their outermost energy levels These bonds do not easily fall apart The bonds can be formed by: - Losing electrons - Gaining electrons - Pooling electrons - Sharing electrons
24 Ionic Bonds The alkali metals all have 1 electron in their outermost energy level When this electron is lost, they end up with 8 outer electrons- a stable octet The alkali metals tend to react with the halogens, why? Because the halogens have 7 electrons in their outermost energy level, adding one more will make them have a stable octet
25 Na loses its lone outermost electron Cl accepts this lone electron from Na Now both Na and Cl are stable, crea7ng NaCl (table salt)
26 Ions Can an atom lose or gain an electron and remain the same? No. When an electron is lost or gained the balance of charges changes. When an electron is lost, the atom becomes posi7vely charged (there is now one less electron than there are protons in the nucleus), and is referred to as a posi7vely charged ion When an electron is gained, the atom becomes nega7vely charged (there is now one more electron than there are protons in the nucleus), and is referred to as a nega7vely charged ion Ions are atoms that are no longer neutral because they have either lost or gained an electron
27 Let s go back to Na and Cl Na has become a posi7vely charged ion by losing an electron and is now wri@en Na + Cl has become a nega7vely charged ion by gaining an electron and is now wri@en Cl -
28 Ionic Bonds The posi7ve Na ion and the nega7ve Cl ion are strongly to each other (remember, opposites ionic bond The bond that holds ions (atoms of opposite charges) together Compound a pure substance containing 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded
29 Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals Ionic bonds can form between more than 2 atoms Alkaline earth metals have 2 electrons in their outermost energy levels. They donate these electrons to other atoms to become more stable
30 For example: Magnesium Chloride It would take 2 chlorine atoms to accept Magnesium s 2 outer Electron Mg gave up 2 electrons, it is now wri@en as Mg 2+ The 2 nega7vely charged Cl ions are a@racted to the posi7vely charged Mg ion and form ionic bonds crea7ng MgCl 2, magnesium chloride
31 Elements from Group 16 (the Oxygen Family) also combine with alkaline earth metals as they need 2 electrons to make them stable
32 Metallic Bonding- Pooling Metals can form bonds with other metals via metallic bonds The outer electrons of metals are not held 7ghtly to the individual atoms, they move freely among all the ions in the metal forming a shared pool of electrons Metallic bonds form when metal atoms share their pooled electrons This is why metals are malleable and duc7le- the metal does not break, the atoms slide over one another and the pooled electrons s7ll hold the atoms together Because the pooled electrons can move freely, they also conduct electricity well (the electrons can move from one atom to another and carry the electrical current)
33
34
35 Covalent Bonds Some atoms will share electrons with others because their outer energy levels are at least half full Gaining or losing 4 or more electrons would be much more difficult than sharing them Covalent bond Forms between nonmetal atoms through sharing of electrons
36 The shared electrons are to the nuclei of both atoms The shared electrons move between the outer energy levels of the atoms sharing the bond This lets each atom be stable for part of the 7me Form a neutral par7cle (has the same number of posi7ve and nega7ve charges)- a molecule Molecules are formed by sharing electrons Ions are not formed because no electrons are gained or lost
37 Atoms can share more than one electron with another atom This would create a double or triple bond, depending on how many electrons were shared If 2 pairs of electrons are shared, a double bond is made If 3 pairs of electrons are shared, a triple bond is made
38
39 Single bond The atoms share 1 electron Double bond The atoms share 2 electrons Triple bond The atoms share 3 electrons
40 Polar and Nonpolar Molecules Atoms do not always share electrons equally Some atoms electrons more strongly than others This makes the electrons want to be closer to one of the atoms Because the electrons are closer to one atom, that atom becomes more nega7ve than the other
41 Polar bond Bond where electrons are shared unevenly Let s use water as an example: 2 hydrogen + 1 oxygen The oxygen atom has more electrons giving it a slight nega7ve charge and the hydrogen a slight posi7ve charge
42 This polarity makes water act kind of like a magnet Water molecules are a@racted to each other, the posi7ve end of one molecule is a@racted to the nega7ve end of another- this accounts for many of the physical proper7es of water
43 Nonpolar molecules do not have these uneven charges. The only true nonpolar molecules are those formed between atoms of the same element
44 Intro to Chemical Formulas To put chemical formulas together you join the symbols with numbers indica7ng how many atoms there are For example: One water molecule is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom The formula is H 2 O The 2 tells us that there are 2 hydrogen atoms per oxygen atom What do the formulas MgCl 2 and Al 2 S 3 tell you?
Chapter: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds
Table of Contents Chapter: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds Section 1: Why do atoms combine? Section 2: How Elements Bond Table of Contents Chapter: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds Section 1: Why
More informationChapter: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds
Table of Contents Chapter: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds Section 1: Why do atoms combine? Section 2: How Elements Bond Table of Contents Chapter: Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds Section 1: Why
More informationNoble gases do not join other atoms to form compounds. They seem to be most stable just as they are.
UNIT 3: TE NATURE MATTER: MLECULES There are fewer than one hundred naturally occurring elements on the earth, but there are billions of compounds made of those elements. In this unit, we will examine
More information5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds. compound chemical formula molecule chemical bond ionic bond valence covalent bond
5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds compound chemical formula molecule chemical bond ionic bond valence covalent bond What is a compound? 5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds A compound is a pure substance that contains
More informationTHE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE. The Nature of Matter
THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE The Nature of Matter What do all of These Pictures Have in Common? And last, but not least GEICO S Gecko! MATTER All matter is made up of different combinations of elements.
More informationCh. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222
Ch. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222 Ma1er Organisms are composed of ma1er Ma8er anything that takes up space and has mass Ma8er is made up of elements Lowest end of the structural organiza@on of life
More informationIonic Bonding Ionic bonding occurs when metals and nonmetals trade one or more electrons and the resulting opposite charges attract each other. Metals
Chemical Bonding Now that we know what atoms look like A very small (less than 0.001% of the volume) and massive (more than 99.99% of the mass) nucleus with protons (+) and neutrons (neutral) and electrons
More informationAtomic Bonding and Molecules. Chapter 15
Atomic Bonding and Molecules Chapter 15 Bonding of atoms makes molecules The Formation of Ions and Ionic Bonds Types of bonds Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds Molecular Polarity and Molecular
More informationCh. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222
Ch. 2 Chemical Context of Life BIOL 222 Ma1er Organisms are composed of ma1er Ma8er is anything that takes up space and has mass Ma8er is made up of elements Lowest end of the structural organiza@on of
More informationWhat does the word BOND mean to you?
Chemical Bonds What does the word BOND mean to you? Chemical Bond attractive force between atoms or ions in a molecule or compound. Formed by: transferring e - (losing or gaining) sharing e - What do you
More informationCHEMISTRY 9 REVIEW & INTRO TO CHEMISTRY 10. Section 4.1: Atomic Theory and Bonding
1 CHEMISTRY 9 REVIEW & INTRO TO CHEMISTRY 10 Section 4.1: Atomic Theory and Bonding ATOMS AND COMPOUNDS An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element An atom
More informationBonding of atoms makes molecules
Atomic Bonding and Molecules Chapter 15 Bonding of atoms makes molecules The Formation of Ions and Ionic Bonds Types of bonds Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds Molecular Polarity and Molecular
More informationChapter 4. The Structure of Matter How atoms form compounds
Chapter 4 The Structure of Matter How atoms form compounds Compounds Formed when two or more elements combine Must make a chemical change New properties Atoms from the different elements form bonds Chemical
More informationUnit Five Practice Test (Part I) PT C U5 P1
Unit Five Practice Test (Part I) PT C U5 P1 Name Period LPS Standard(s): --- State Standard(s): 12.3.1 Short Answers. Answer the following questions. (5 points each) 1. Write the electron configuration
More information1. Demonstrate knowledge of the three subatomic particles, their properties, and their location within the atom.
1. Demonstrate knowledge of the three subatomic particles, their properties, and their location within the atom. 2. Define and give examples of ionic bonding (e.g., metal and non metal) and covalent bonding
More informationChapter 5 Lesson 1 Notes
Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Notes 5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds compound chemical formula molecule chemical bond ionic bond valence covalent bond What is a compound? 5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds A compound is a
More informationMaterials Needed Today
Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Materials Needed Today Please take these materials out of your backpack. Pencil Hot Sync Thursday 1/23/14 Copy graph and Show all work on your hot sync. Periodic Table 5.1 How Atoms
More information7.4 Using the Bohr Theory
7.4 Using the Bohr Theory BOHR DIAGRAMS Practice (worksheet) First shell: 2 electrons Second shell: 8 electrons Third shell: 8 electrons Fourth shell: 8 electrons Draw Bohr Diagrams for: hydrogen sodium
More informationExamLearn.ie. Chemical Bonding
ExamLearn.ie Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonding A molecule is a group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently. Eg: Molecule of water
More informationWhat is Bonding? The Octet Rule. Getting an Octet. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shapes. (Chapter Three, Part Two)
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shapes (Chapter Three, Part Two) What is Bonding? Bonding describes how atoms interact with each other in an attractive sense. There are three types of bonding: Ionic bonding
More informationAtoms, molecules, bonding, periodic table
Atoms, molecules, bonding, periodic table Atoms Modern Atom Model Nucleus-Protons and Neutrons Electrons around nucleus, never know the true location Protons Positively charged In nucleus Neutrons Neutral
More information4/4/2013. Covalent Bonds a bond that results in the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms.
A chemical bond is a mutual electrical attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together. Why bond? As independent particles, atoms have a high potential
More informationUNIT 5.1. Types of bonds
UNIT 5.1 Types of bonds REVIEW OF VALENCE ELECTRONS Valence electrons are electrons in the outmost shell (energy level). They are the electrons available for bonding. Group 1 (alkali metals) have 1 valence
More informationThe Periodic Table & Formation of Ions
The Periodic Table & Formation of Ions Development of the Periodic Table Mendeleev: Considered to be the father of the periodic table Arranged elements by increasing atomic mass Placed elements with similar
More informationGeneral Chemistry Notes Name
Bio Honors General Chemistry Notes Name Directions: Carefully read the following information. Look for the ** directions in italics** for prompts where you can do some work. Use the information you have
More informationQuarter 1 Section 1.2
Quarter 1 Section 1.2 Opening Activity: Use your periodic table 1. How many protons are in an atom of Carbon? 2. How many electrons are in an atom of Carbon? 3. How many neutrons are in an atom of Carbon?
More informationWhat is this? Electrons: charge, mass? Atom. Negative charge(-), mass = 0. The basic unit of matter. Made of subatomic particles:
Chemical Bonds What is this? Atom The basic unit of matter. Electrons: charge, mass? Negative charge(-), mass = 0 Made of subatomic particles: Protons: charge, mass? Positive charge (+), mass = 1 Neutrons:
More informationChemistry of Life 9/16/15. Chemistry s Building Block: The Atom. Ch 2 BIOL 160
Ch 2 Chemistry of Life BIOL 160 1 Chemistry s Building Block: The Atom Structural Hierarchy (reviewed) Atom Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ The atom is the fundamental unit of matter. Elements Chemistry
More informationChapter 2 Notes The Chemistry of Life
Name: Chapter 2 Notes The Chemistry of Life Section 2-1 The Nature of Matter Date: Atoms (p. 35) The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the. Comes from the Greek word atomos, meaning
More information15.2 Electrons and Chemical Bonds
CHAPTER 15: MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS 15.2 Electrons and Chemical Bonds The discovery of energy levels in the atom solved a 2,000-year-old mystery. The mystery was why elements combined with other elements
More informationHow do elements join together to form chemical bonds?
How do elements join together to form chemical bonds? Do you agree or disagree? 1. Chemical bonds that form between atoms involve electrons. 2. The atoms in a water molecule are more chemically stable
More informationChapter 6 Chemistry Review
Chapter 6 Chemistry Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Put the LETTER of the correct answer in the blank. 1. The electrons involved in
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonds
Ionic and Covalent Bonds Section #2 Downloadable at: http://tekim.undip.ac.id/staf/istadi Compounds: Introduction to Bonding The noble gases - helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe),
More informationAtoms with a complete outer shell do not react with other atoms. The outer shell is called the valence shell. Its electrons are valence electrons.
Bonding and the Outer Shell Use this table for reference: http://www.dreamwv.com/primer/page/s_pertab.html Atoms with incomplete shells react with others in a way that allows it to complete the outer shell.
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonds
Ionic and Covalent Bonds Downloaded at http://www.istadi.net Section #2 1 2 1 Compounds: Introduction to Bonding The noble gases - helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon
More information2-1 The Nature of Matter
2-1 The Nature of Matter Small Atoms Placed side by side, 100 million atoms would make a row only about 1 centimeter long. contain subatomic particles Atoms What three subatomic particles make up atoms?
More informationTHE ATOM. L2 U2 sci 1206 rev sandy matthew.notebook. November 23, 2017 LOCATION PARTICLE. SYMBOL CHARGE MASS (g) Proton p
THE ATOM Diagram composed of 3 types of subatomic particles: 4 1 The basic building block of all matter 2 The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element Electrically neutral:
More informationHow Elements Bond. 578 CHAPTER 19 Chemical Bonds. Figure 11 Sodium and chlorine react forming white crystalline sodium chloride. Vocabulary SECTION
SECTION ow Elements Bond Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds. Identify the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Interpret chemical shorthand. Vocabulary ion ionic bond compound
More informationCHM The Basics of Bonding (r14) Charles Taylor 1/7
CHM 110 - The Basics of Bonding (r14) - 2014 Charles Taylor 1/7 Introduction The concept at the heart of chemistry is that of the chemical bond. The chemical reactions that we've studied before involve
More informationElements and Chemical Bonds. Chapter 11
Elements and Chemical Bonds Chapter 11 Essential Question How does understanding periodic trends allow us to predict properties of different elements? Vocabulary Ionic bond Covalent bond Compounds, Chemical
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonds
Chapter 6 Lecture Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons Learning Goal Write the symbols for the simple ions of the representative elements. Fifth Edition Octet Rule An
More informationElements combine to form compounds chemical bonds. Chemical Bonding
Elements combine to form compounds chemical bonds Chemical Bonding Review Valence electrons Using periodic table to determine them. General bonding rules: If an atom has 1 to 3 valence electrons, it will
More informationPhotocopied/printed notes can not be used during the Unit Notebook Check in class.
These notes are posted on my site for the following reasons: for students to copy in their own hand-writing in order to complete their class notes if student did not have enough time in class if student
More informationPhysical Science 1 Chapter 12 THE MODERN ATOM
THE MODERN ATOM The modern model of the atom describes the electron cloud consisting of separate energy levels, each containing a fixed number of electrons. The energy levels increase in energy based on
More informationChapter 2 Basic Chemistry Outline
Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry Outline 1.0 COMPOSITION OF MATTER 1.1 Atom 1.2 Elements 1.21 Isotopes 1.22 Radioisotopes 1.3 Compounds 1.31 Compounds Formed by Ionic Bonding 1.32 Compounds Formed by Covalent
More informationChapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6-1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonds Valence electrons are attracted to other atoms, and that determines the kind of chemical bonding that occurs between
More informationM7 Question 1 Higher
M7 Question 1 Higher Explain why carbon dioxide is a compound by oxygen is an element Carbon dioxide contains two elements carbon and oxygen. Oxygen contains only one type of atom. M7 Question 2 Higher
More information11/9/2017 CHEMISTRY UNIT LESSON FOUR
CHEMISTRY UNIT LESSON FOUR 1 Covalent Bonds When two atoms form ionic bonds, they transfer one or more electrons from a metal atom to a atom. non-metal As a result of the electron transfer, one ion has
More informationGeneral Chemistry. Lecture 3
General Chemistry Lecture 3 Electrons Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus Electrons surround the nucleus in energy levels or shell at certain distances around the nucleus The number of electrons
More informationBalancing Chemical Equations By Brian Goldstein
Balancing Chemical Equations By Brian Goldstein Help... Click Click Click to see the previous page to see the next page to return to the Table of Contents Table Of Contents The Atom Electrons Reactivity
More informationDirections: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.
Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 1. Kevin is listing the similarities between metallic and ionic bonds for a laboratory project. Which similarity regarding
More information1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of life
1.1 The Fundamental Chemistry of life Matter makes up everything in the universe, including all living organisms. Matter is composed of elements, a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler
More informationATOMS, MOLECULES and IONS
ATOMS, MOLECULES and IONS [MH5; Ch. 2] Atoms and Atomic Theory [MH5; 2.1-2.2] The three main postulates of atomic theory are: 1) Elements are made up of atoms. 2) In chemical reactions, atoms transfer
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationElements and the Periodic Table
CHAPTER 6 Elements and the Periodic Table 6.2 Properties of Groups of Elements There are millions and millions of different kinds of matter (compounds) composed of the same 92 elements. These elements
More informationNotes: Electrons and Periodic Table (text Ch. 4 & 5)
Name Per. Notes: Electrons and Periodic Table (text Ch. 4 & 5) NOTE: This set of class notes is not complete. We will be filling in information in class. If you are absent, it is your responsibility to
More information1. Atomic structure. 1. a) Name the sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. [1 mark] Answer.
1 1. Atomic structure 1. a) Name the sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. [1 mark] The sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom are protons, neutrons and electrons b) What
More informationOften times we represent atoms and their electrons with Lewis Dot Structures.
They are trying to get their number of valence electrons to either 0 or 8. Group 1: 1 valence electron Group 2: 2 valence electrons Group 13: 3 valence electrons Group 14: 4 valence electrons Group 15:
More informationSection 3.1 Matter, Elements, & Atoms. 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science - Class Notes
Section 3.1 Matter, Elements, & Atoms 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science - Class Notes What is Matter? Matter is anything that has volume and mass. Everything in the world is made up of matter. On Earth,
More informationChemical Bonding. Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding. Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds
Chemical Bonding Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Section 3 Ionic Bonding and Ionic Compounds Section 4 Metallic Bonding Section
More information4.1 Atomic Theory and Bonding
4.1 Atomic Theory and Bonding An atom is the that still has the 50 million atoms, = An atom = (s) + (s) + (s) Atoms join together. A compound is a that is composed of combined in a. and are atoms/elements;
More informationElectron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals
Electron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals Valence Electrons Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element s atoms Examples Mg: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 2 valence e
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationIntroduction to the Periodic Table
Introduction to the Periodic Table Atomic Number Symbol Atomic Weight Element Compound Mixture I am Dmitri Mendeleev! I made the PERIODIC TABLE! What is the PERIODIC TABLE? oshows all known elements in
More informationAtomic Structure Chapter 4 Mr. Hines
Atomic Structure Chapter 4 Mr. Hines Part A Standard model of the atom Learning Targets and I can statements 1 List, label, and describe the parts of an atom. 2 Identify the atomic number and the atomic
More informationElements and Chemical Bonds
Elements and Chemical Bonds Electrons and Energy Levels What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree
More informationChapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Learning Objectives Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain to obtain the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Describe the formation of ionic bonds between
More informationThe Chemical Context of Life
Elements and Compounds The Chemical Context of Life Sodium Chlorine! Sodium chloride! An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance
More informationThe Periodic Table. run vertically on the periodic table (up and down).
Lesson Objective: The Periodic Table Science 8.5B Interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements 8.2E Analyze data
More informationIlluminate QUIZ on Molecules. Please do not write on this test, put your answers into illuminate.
Illuminate QUIZ on Molecules. Please do not write on this test, put your answers into illuminate. True or False (bubble A for True and B for False for each of the following statements) 1 point each 1.
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Chemical Bond Concept Recall that an atom has core and valence electrons. Core electrons are found close to the nucleus. Valence electrons are found in the most distant s and
More informationCh 6 Chemical Bonding
Ch 6 Chemical Bonding What you should learn in this section (objectives): Define chemical bond Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds Describe ionic and covalent bonding Explain why most chemical bonding
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Objectives. Molecular Compounds
Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Preview Objectives Molecular Compounds Formation of a Covalent Bond Characteristics of the Covalent Bond The Octet Rule Electron-Dot Notation Lewis Structures
More informationUnit 3 - Part 1: Bonding. Objective - to be able to understand and name the forces that create chemical bonds.
Unit 3 - Part 1: Bonding Objective - to be able to understand and name the forces that create chemical bonds. Bonding: Key Terms to Know 1. Chemical formula 2. Molecular formula 3. Bond Energy 4. Bond
More information2-1 The Nature of Matter
Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the atom. The Greek philosopher Democritus called the smallest fragment of matter the atom, from the Greek word atomos.
More informationName: Date: Period: Study Guide: 8th grade - Chapter 8 Test, Elements and Chemical Bonds
Name: Date: Period: Study Guide: 8th grade - Chapter 8 Test, Elements and Chemical Bonds 1. Water is a covalent bond because. 2. Ionic bonds have the ability to. 3. When atoms gain or lose electrons, an
More informationBonding in Chemistry. Chemical Bonds All chemical reactions involve breaking of some bonds and formation of new ones where new products are formed.
CHEMICAL BONDS Atoms or ions are held together in molecules or compounds by chemical bonds. The type and number of electrons in the outer electronic shells of atoms or ions are instrumental in how atoms
More informationBonding Practice Exam
Bonding Practice Exam Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. halide ion e. valence electron b. octet rule f. coordination number c. ionic bond g. metallic bond d. electron dot structure
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS HYDROGEN BONDS METALLIC BONDS
CHEMICAL BONDING IONIC BONDS COVALENT BONDS HYDROGEN BONDS METALLIC BONDS IONIC BONDING When an atom of a nonmetal takes one or more electrons from an atom of a metal so both atoms end up with eight valence
More informationChapter 8 notes. 8.1 Matter. 8.1 objectives. Earth Chemistry
Chapter 8 notes Earth Chemistry 8.1 Matter 8.1 objectives Compare chemical properties and physical properties of matter. Describe the basic structure of an atom. Compare atomic number, mass number, and
More informationUNIT 7 DAY 1. Ionic Bonding Basics; Dot diagrams
UNIT 7 DAY 1 Ionic Bonding Basics; Dot diagrams U7D1: Ionic Bonding Basics HW: See Schedule; Lab Due Thursday Do Now: 1.Write your name, date and period on all packets. 2.Look through schedule 3. answer
More informationCh1 chem 09.notebook April 15, 2015
Chemistry needs: magnets paperclips Br Chem Explore activity Ch1 sec. 1 Obtain a magnet and a few paper clips Build a model that simulates electrons being held within an atom. Show that electrons closer
More informationTest Review # 5. Chemistry: Form TR5-8A. Average Atomic Mass. Subatomic particles.
Chemistry: Form TR5-8A REVIEW Name Date Period Test Review # 5 Subatomic particles. Type of Particle Location Mass Relative Mass Charge Proton Center 1.67 10-27 kg 1 +1 Electron Outside 9.11 10-31 kg 0-1
More informationWRITING CHEMICAL FORMULAS & NAMING COMPOUNDS
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULAS & NAMING COMPOUNDS Electrons in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their valence shell Chemical bonds form between
More informationSection 8.1 The Covalent Bond
Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Apply the octet rule to atoms that form covalent bonds. Describe the formation of single, double, and triple covalent bonds. Contrast sigma and pi bonds. Relate the strength
More informationChapter 4 Chemical Bonds. Mrs. Valen6ne Physical Science 4 th and 6 th Period
Chapter 4 Chemical Bonds Mrs. Valen6ne Physical Science 4 th and 6 th Period Sec6on 1 - Ionic Bonds 3 or fewer valence e- Apples 5+ valence e- Elements with fewer than 8 valence electrons behave as these
More informationLife is a chemical process
CHEMISTRY FOR LIFE WHY STUDY CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the ultimate (basic) cause of all physiological processes Interactions of atoms produce chemical changes Chemical reactions involve a transfer of energy
More informationBiotech 2: Atoms and Molecules OS Text Reading pp Electron cloud Atoms & Nucleus 2e Subatomic Particles Helium Electron cloud
9/4/017 Biotech : Atoms and Molecules OS Text Reading pp. 34-4 Atoms & Subatomic Particles Nucleus Helium e cloud cloud e Protons Neutrons Mass number = 4 s Nucleus Carbon atomic number = # of protons
More informationIonic Bonds. H He: ... Li Be B C :N :O :F: :Ne:
Ionic Bonds Valence electrons - the electrons in the highest occupied energy level - always electrons in the s and p orbitals - maximum of 8 valence electrons - elements in the same group have the same
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Lesson Starter Imagine getting onto a crowded elevator. As people squeeze into the confined space, they come in
More informationChapter 8 Notes. Covalent Bonding
Chapter 8 Notes Covalent Bonding Molecules and Molecular Compounds Helium and Neon are monoatomic, meaning they exist as single atoms Some compounds exist as crystalline solids, such as NaCl Others exist
More informationIGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science
IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science Chemistry 3.4 - Ions and Ionic Bonds Ions You need to know what ions are and how they can be formed. An ion is a charged atom, or a molecule - Caused by
More informationChapter 6. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6.1 Intro to Chemical Bonding 6.1 Objectives Define chemical bond. Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds. Describe ionic and covalent bonding. Explain why most chemical
More informationBIG IDEA: A covalent bond forms when nonmetal atoms share one or more pairs of electons with one another
Chemistry 20 notes molecular compounds BIG IDEA: A covalent bond forms when nonmetal atoms share one or more pairs of electons with one another Can be solid, liquid or gas at SATP (Standard Ambient Temperature
More information3.1 - The Periodic Table
3.1 - The Periodic Table 3.1.1 - Describe the arrangement of elements in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number Elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic
More informationChemistry Study Guide
Chemistry Study Guide Marking Period 3 Exam Week of 3/21/17 Study Guide due - When studying for this test, use your do nows, notes, homework, class handouts, and your textbook. Vocabulary Chapter 7 Anion
More informationElements and Chemical Bonds
Name Elements and Chemical Bonds How do elements join together to form chemical compounds? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about elements and chemical bonds Record
More informationElectron Configuration and Periodic Trends - Chapter 5 section 3 Guided Notes
Electron Configuration and Periodic Trends - Chapter 5 section 3 Guided Notes There are several important atomic characteristics that show predictable that you should know. Atomic Radius The first and
More informationSBI4U BIOCHEMISTRY. Atoms, Bonding & Molecular Polarity
SBI4U BIOCHEMISTRY Atoms, Bonding & Molecular Polarity 6 types of atoms make up 99% of all living organisms Naturally Occurring Elements in the Human Body Element Symbol Atomic # % of human body weight
More informationCLASS COPY Structure and Properties of Matter Parts of the atom
CLASS COPY Structure and Properties of Matter Parts of the atom An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Look at the model of a carbon atom from the graphite in the point of a pencil. Protons
More information