Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.

Transcription

1 Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 1. Kevin is listing the similarities between metallic and ionic bonds for a laboratory project. Which similarity regarding the properties of bonds is true? Metallic and ionic bonds account for electrical conductivity. Metallic and ionic bonds are formed due to the sharing of Compounds containing metallic bonds and compounds containing ionic bonds have low melting and boiling points. Compounds containing metallic bonds and compounds containing ionic bonds have electrostatic repulsion between their atoms or ions. 2. Table salt crystals consist of a pattern of alternating sodium ions and chloride ions. When the salt is added to water, the electrical conductivity of the water increases. Which explanation BEST describes this observation? Salt does not dissolve in water. Salt has a higher melting point than water. Salt forms covalent bonds with the water molecules. Salt separates into positive and negative ions in the water. 3. The diagram below shows the structure that results when sodium and chlorine combine to form table salt (NaCl). What is the name of this type of structure? crystal polymer Bohr model Lewis dot diagram 4. A chemist was doing research on halogens. Which elements could be included in her work? neon, krypton, xenon fluorine, chlorine, iodine carbon, nitrogen, oxygen thorium, plutonium, uranium 5. Which compound is held together by ionic bonds? DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 1 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

2 6. The diagram below shows an incorrect Lewis dot structure for carbon dioxide. What is needed to make this Lewis dot structure correct? two triple bonds two double bonds two shared electrons two unshared electrons 7. Atoms with high ionization energies easily lose easily form positive ions. have weaker attractions for their hold their valence electrons tightly. 8. A molecule of silicon dioxide is overall because it polar; has polar covalent bonds. polar; is symmetrical in shape. nonpolar; has nonpolar covalent bonds. nonpolar; is symmetrical in shape. 9. Often atoms join so that each atom will have an even number of an outermost energy level that is full of an equal number of protons and more electrons than either protons or neutrons. 10. What is the element that has the ground state electron configuration [Xe]6s 2 4f 14 5d 6? La Ti W Os 11. Which of the following ion pairs would be held together by electrostatic attractions? carbon and hydrogen nitrogen and hydrogen sodium and oxygen sodium and magnesium 12. The Lewis dot structure for a carbon tetrachloride molecule is shown below. Which statement is true about carbon tetrachloride? The carbon atom has eight bonds. Each chlorine atom has four bonds. The carbon atom has four unshared Each chlorine atom has six unshared 13. The shape of the carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) is linear. bent. trigonal planar. tetrahedral. DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 2 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

3 14. The more electronegative an atom is the less protons it has. the more protons it has. the greater its tendency to gain the greater its tendency to lose 15. The formula unit for the ionic compound sodium fluoride is NaF. What must occur during bonding? A catalyst helps form the bond. An electron transfers from one atom to the other. The atoms repel each other by electrostatic force. The outer orbitals of the two atoms join to share 16. When two atoms which both have high electronegativity values combine, they form bonds. ionic covalent metallic hydrogen 17. In which substance is the chemical bonding BEST described as covalent? NaCl 18. Based on its dot structure dichloromethane, CH2Cl2, is polar because it is symmetrical. nonpolar because it is symmetrical. polar because it is asymmetrical. nonpolar because it is asymmetrical. 19. John is conducting a lab experiment to test the melting points of an ionic and a covalent compound. He uses sodium chloride, an ionic compound, and cane sugar, a covalent compound. What is true about the melting points of the two compounds? Sodium chloride and cane sugar do not melt. Sodium chloride and cane sugar have the same melting points. Sodium chloride has a lower melting point than does cane sugar. Sodium chloride has a higher melting point than does cane sugar. 20. Two atoms which have large differences in electronegativity would form a(n) ionic bond. nonpolar covalent bond. polar covalent bond. metallic bond. 21. Ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride, form crystals that have a regular, repeating pattern of positive and negative ions, as shown in the diagram below. What determines these patterns? the geometrical shape of each ion the number of isotopes in each ion the magnetic forces between the ions the electrostatic forces between the ions DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 3 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

4 22. Copper is a good conductor of electricity because its electrons are positively charged. are free to move from atom to atom. can take on either positive or negative charges. are shared between neighboring compounds. 23. Methane, oxygen, and water have similar bonding. Which statement correctly describes each of these molecules? The molecules are all polar. The molecules are all very reactive. Electrons are shared by the atoms of the molecules. Electrons are transferred between the atoms of the molecules. 24. Hydrogen cyanide is a molecule that is both linear and polar. Which diagram represents the correct Lewis dot structure of hydrogen cyanide? 25. How is the Lewis dot structure of different from the Lewis dot structure for? There is a lone pair on the central atom in. There is a lone pair on the central atom in. has more electrons around the central atom than. has more Fluorine atoms around the central atom than. DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 4 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

5 26. Which statement about noble gases is correct? They form compounds with very bright colors. They exist as single atoms rather than as molecules. They are highly reactive with both metals and nonmetals. They are extremely rare in nature. 28. An electrical circuit is set up for Solution A and Solution B as shown below. When the electrodes are placed into the beakers, the bulb in Solution A glows, but the bulb in Solution B does not glow. 27. An ionic bond is a bond that forms between ions with opposite charges. atoms with neutral charges. one atom s nucleus and another atom s the electrons of two different atoms. Why does the bulb in Solution A glow? Solution A is ionic and conducts electricity. Solution A is covalent and conducts electricity. Solution A has a low boiling point, which makes it a good conductor of electricity. Solution A contains neutral atoms, which makes it a good conductor of electricity. DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 5 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

6 29. In a lab activity, Susan fills Beaker A and Beaker B with water. Susan adds an ionic compound, magnesium chloride, to Beaker A and a covalent compound, naphthalene, to Beaker What is the solubility behavior of the two compounds? Both compounds have equal solubility in water. Magnesium chloride has less solubility in water than does naphthalene. Naphthalene has slightly less solubility in water than does magnesium chloride. Naphthalene is insoluble in water, while magnesium chloride is soluble in water. 30. Two potassium atoms will each transfer an electron to a sulfur atom to form potassium sulfide. What is the formula of potassium sulfide? KS K 2 S 2KS KS An element belongs to group 17 (VIIA) of the periodic table. Which type of ion will it MOST LIKELY form? an ion with a charge an ion with a charge an ion with a charge an ion with a charge 32. A compound containing carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N) would be bonded together by electrons in order to their outer energy levels gaining; fill losing; empty sharing; fill sharing; empty 33. The shape of the molecule BF3 is linear. bent. trigonal planar. tetrahedra. 34. Which statement BEST describes how transuranium elements were discovered? Transuranium elements were discovered synthetically, using particle accelerators. Transuranium elements were discovered naturally, through mining rare earth metals. Transuranium elements were discovered by chemically reacting heavy elements together. Transuranium elements were discovered by adding electrons to the nuclei of larger elements. DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 6 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

7 35. Which statement BEST describes the nucleus of an atom? most of the volume and contains most of the mass most of the volume but contains very little of the mass very little of the volume but contains most of the mass very little of the volume and contains very little of the mass 36. Chlorine (Cl) and iodine (I) both react with sodium (Na) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium iodide (NaI). Which of these BEST explains why chlorine reacts with sodium more readily than does iodine? Chlorine is more volatile than iodine. Chlorine is more electronegative than iodine. Chlorine has a lower atomic mass than iodine. Chlorine and sodium have the same number of electron shells. 37. A chromium ion (Cr 3+ ) combines with an oxygen ion (O 2 ) to form an ionic compound. Which formula represents the ionic compound formed by these two ions? CrO CrO 2 Cr 2 O 3 Cr 3 O The diagram below shows the Lewis dot structure of carbon tetrafluoride. Which statement BEST explains why this molecule is nonpolar? The bonds between carbon and fluorine are covalent. The electronegativities of carbon and fluorine are different. The molecule has nonbonded electrons on the fluorine atoms. The molecule has a symmetrical distribution of electron clouds. 39. A water molecule is made up of 1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms. Which diagram shows the correct Lewis dot structure for water? DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 7 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

8 40. Which type of bond occurs when atoms complete their outermost electron shells by sharing electrons? ionic covalent hydrogen van der Waals 43. The fusion reaction of boron-11 and a proton (hydrogen atom) is shown below. Three atoms of an unknown element are formed in the reaction. 41. The Lewis dot structure of methane (CH 4 ) is shown below. What is the geometric shape of the molecule based on this diagram? cubic square octahedral tetrahedral 42. Cathy analyzes trends in the periodic table by comparing oxygen and fluorine. Which comparison is true based on the trends of the periodic table? The ionic radius of fluorine is less than that of oxygen. The atomic radius of oxygen is less than that of fluorine. The electronegativity of oxygen is more than that of fluorine. The ionization energy of fluorine is the same as that of oxygen. Which element is formed? beryllium carbon helium magnesium 44. How many nonbonding electrons are present in the Lewis dot structure of ammonia? Substances that are good conductors of heat and electricity at room temperature usually have delocalized electrons moving freely from atom to atom. Which type of bonding occurs in these substances? covalent electric ionic metallic DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 8 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

9 46. Large biological molecules such as proteins and carbohydrates, are held together by ionic bonds. metallic bonds. covalent bonds. hydrogen bonds. 47. Which of these elements would have the greatest electronegativity? nitrogen (N) oxygen (O) phosphorous (P) sulfur (S) 48. Which element has the lowest ionization energy (energy need to remove an electron)? boron (B) carbon (C) nitrogen (N) fluorine (F) 49. How are salt crystals of sodium chloride (NaCl) formed? Sodium forms a positive ion that is attracted to chlorine's negative ion. Sodium forms a negative ion that is attracted to chlorine's positive ion. Sodium forms a positive ion that is attracted to chlorine's positive ion. Sodium forms a negative ion that is attracted to chlorine's negative ion. 50. The shape of the water molecule (H2O) is linear. bent. trigonal planar. tetrahedral. Stop! You Go have on finished to the next this page exam.» DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 9 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.