Review UNIT. Key Terms Review. Key Concept Review

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1 UNIT ACHIEVEMENT CHART CATEGORIES k Knowledge nd understnding t Thinking nd investigtion c Communiction Appliction Key Terms 1. Crete concept mp to link the key terms listed below. Add exmples of substnces, where pproprite. c tom molecule electron neutron element period group (chemicl) proton ionic compound pure substnce mtter solution mechnicl mixture suspension moleculr compound Key Concept 4 B Mtter hs physicl nd chemicl properties. 2. Distinguish between homogeneous mixture nd heterogeneous mixture. 3. Wht is the difference between cohesion nd dhesion? k 4. Identify the following s either physicl properties or chemicl properties. k () Dimonds re hrd. (b) Gllium will melt in the plm of your hnd. (c) Wood burns esily. (d) Iron is mgnetic. (e) Some cleners re corrosive. 5. Distinguish between boiling nd condensing. k 6. Use the prticle theory of mtter to explin how solid cn melt if sufficiently heted. k k 7. Use the following list of properties to crete profile of pure substnce or mixture of your choice. Add other terms s needed. c boiling point lustre colour mllebility combustibility melting point conductivity rectivity density solubility ductility viscosity hrdness 5 8. John Dlton described mtter s being composed of toms. How is his 200-yer-old tomic model different from the current tomic model? k 9. How did J. J. Thomson mke use of cthode rys to investigte tomic structure? Wht did he conclude bsed on his results? k 10. How did Ernest Rutherford discover the tomic nucleus? k 11. How did Niels Bohr contribute to the understnding of tomic structure? k 12. Wht is the difference between group nd period in the periodic tble? k 13. How re metls, non-metls, nd metlloids orgnized in the periodic tble? k 14. List four properties shred by the hlogens. k The periodic tble orgnizes elements by ptterns in properties nd tomic structure. 15. Nme n element tht rects vigorously with wter. k 16. Give the number of vlence electrons in n tom of ech of the following elements. k () hydrogen (b) luminum (c) crbon (d) oxygen (e) chlorine 246 UNIT B

2 17. Use the digrm below to nswer the following questions. 2+ (d) ZnO (e) N 2 S 3 (f) Br Identify ech of the substnces in the previous question s n ionic compound, moleculr compound, or neither. k () Wht element is shown? k (b) Wht group in the periodic tble does this element belong to? k (c) Wht is the chrge on this ion? k (d) How mny vlence electrons re in neutrl tom of this ion? k 18. Nme n element tht fits ech of the following descriptions. k () solid t room temperture (b) neither metl nor non-metl (c) n lkli metl (d) colourful, rective gs t room temperture 6 Question 17 Elements combine to form ionic compounds nd moleculr compounds. 19. () Explin wht n ion chrge is. k (b) How cn ion chrges be used to determine the chemicl formuls of compounds? k 20. Is metl element more likely to form n ion by losing electrons or by gining them? k 21. Give the nmes nd rtios of the elements in the following substnces. k () LiCl (b) Al 2 S 3 (c) AgF 23. Describe two wys in which mercury ffects the body. k Connect Your Understnding 24. () Wht properties of polyethylene plstic mke it useful? (b) Wht re some concerns ssocited with the use of polyethylene? t 25. Nme three properties of wter tht people cn benefit from nd describe how we benefit. 26. Why would luminum fom be good choice of mteril for cr bumper? t 27. How could you lter the viscosity of honey? 28. () Sugr dissolves in wter. Does this men tht ll white substnces dissolve in wter? Explin. t (b) Will sugr solution conduct electricity? Explin. 29. Wht is dimond mde of, nd why is it not considered to be compound? 30. Why cn we not dispose of ll household wste in the sme wy? Use t lest two exmples of specific substnces in your nswer. 31. Some erly philosophers considered elements to be erth, wind, wter, nd fire. Why do chemists tody no longer clssify wter s n element? t Unit B 247

3 UNIT B (continued) 32. () Describe one property shred by elements from Group 17 nd Group 18. t (b) Wht is property tht Groups 17 nd 18 do not shre? t 38. Which of the following substnces will dissolve in wter to form solution tht cn conduct electricity? () potssium chloride (d) MgO 33. Indicte whether or not ech of the following elements cn form ions, nd if so, give the ion symbol or symbols. t () silicon (b) brium (c) beryllium (d) krypton (e) led (f) selenium 34. Cn density vry throughout mixture? Explin. t 35. Describe two ptterns found in the periodic tble. 36. For ech of the following, stte the type of mixture. () bnn milkshke (b) wter with sugr dissolved in it (c) tomto juice 37. Use the digrm of benzene below to nswer the questions tht follow. () Benzene contins hydrogen nd crbon. Wht do the different-coloured blls in the digrm represent? Question 37 (b) Wht do the lines in the digrm represent? (c) Is benzene n ionic compound or moleculr compound? t (b) glucose (e) CH 4 (c) Ne 39. Wht two pieces of informtion does formul for molecule provide? t 40. Is neon likely to be prt of compound? Why or why not? 41. Do ll compounds tht contin only hydrogen, crbon, nd oxygen hve the sme properties s one nother? Explin, using two exmples. t 42. Use n nlogy to describe the quntum mechnicl model of the tom. c 43. () Wht do elements in the sme period on the periodic tble hve in common in terms of structure of their toms? t (b) How does the tomic structure of the elements chnge within period s you red from left to right cross the periodic tble? t 44. Three continers ech hold different mystery element. Four of their properties re given in the tble below. Identify which element is: () non-metl (b) n lkli metl (c) noble gs Properties of Mystery Elements Stte t Colour 20 C Rectivity Conductivity X gs high no Y colourless gs none no Z greenyellow silverwhite solid high yes 248 UNIT B

4 45. Wht mkes bll-nd-stick model useful representtion of molecule? 46. How cn the mnufcture of sfe products, such s plstic food continers, result in the chemicl contmintion of the environment? t 47. Nme three elements tht cn be hrmful if not hndled properly. How re they hrmful? 48. Suppose you go on fishing trip to Lke Ontrio nd ctch severl fish. Which fish would be sfer to et nd why: smll fish tht ets plnts or big fish tht ets other fish? 49. Dish sop dissolves in both wter nd oil. Why would dish sop be useful for clening wterbird cught in n oil spill? Skills Prctice 50. Write word trick to help you to remember the symbols for the elements sodium, silicon, nd sulphur. c 51. The slt shown here is coblt(ii) chloride. Describe three properties of coblt(ii) chloride. 52. Suppose you hve collected gs in test tube. To identify the gs, you light wooden Question 51 splint, then blow it out so tht it is glowing nd put it in the test tube. Wht do you predict would hppen if the test tube were filled with oxygen gs? 53. Drw digrm of boron tom with six neutrons. Lbel the subtomic prticles. 54. Explin how you could test the conductivity of: () soft drink (b) strip of copper metl 55. Use the Bohr digrms below to nswer the questions tht follow. A () Nme the elements shown. (b) Did the ion shown in B form by losing n electron or gining n electron? (c) Would the tom shown in A be likely to be found in n ionic compound? Explin. (d) Would the ion in B be more likely to bond with C 2+ or with O 2? Explin. t 56. Drw Bohr digrms to depict toms of the following elements. c () oxygen (b) sodium (c) hydrogen 57. Write the chemicl nmes of the following compounds. c () MgBr 2 (d) Al 2 O 3 (g) K 2 CO 3 (b) B 3 N 2 (e) NI (h) MgSO 4 (c) C 3 P 2 (f) CCl 2 (i) CsHCO 3 B Question 55 c 1- Unit B 249

5 UNIT B (continued) 58. Identify ech of the following compounds s either ionic or moleculr, nd give the formul for ech one. c () mgnesium phosphide (b) lithium nitride (c) phosphorus pentchloride (d) luminum bromide (e) clcium sulphide (f) sulphur dioxide (g) potssium iodide (h) sodium oxide (i) clcium hydroxide (j) luminum hydrogen crbonte (k) nitrogen trichloride 59. Copy the following tble into your notebook. Use the periodic tble to fill in the blnks. t Informtion About Elements Symbol Nme Atomic Mss H 1.01 C U silver Protons In Atom 17 Electrons In Atom 10 Revisit the Big Ides nd Fundmentl Concepts 63. How cn the vrious types of mtter tht exist be explined by the prticle theory of mtter? 64. How did the development of the tomic model mke it esier for people to explin how chemicl rections occur? t 65. Wht re elements, nd how re they responsible for the properties of pure substnces? STSE Science, Technology, Society, nd the Environment 66. Suppose you were going to purchse refillble wter bottle. Discuss the properties of ll of the choices. () new plstic bottle (b) old plstic pop bottle (c) luminum (d) glss Which type of bottle would you choose, nd why? t 67. Benzene dissolves in ft, is combustible, nd chnges stte from liquid to gs very redily. Suggest why these properties re considered hzrdous. 60. Suppose you mixed copper compound with lemon juice. How would you know if these rected to form new substnce? 61. Would you use the number of neutrons in n tom to find the element it belongs to? Explin. t 62. How is rod slt different from tble slt? Give their chemicl nmes nd formuls. 68. Give exmples of three substnces tht cn cuse pollution if thrown in the grbge. Wht re the effects of pollution from these substnces? 69. Compre the properties nd composition of snd nd rod slt. If you hd choice between sprinkling rod slt or snd to melt ice ptches t the entrnce to your school, which would you use? Why? 250 UNIT B

6 70. Why would living in n energy-efficient home help to reduce pollution? t 71. Compct fluorescent light bulbs re much more energy efficient thn regulr incndescent light bulbs. However, compct fluorescent light bulbs contin tiny mounts of mercury. Suggest wht steps should be tken when it comes to hndling nd disposing of compct fluorescent light bulbs. 72. How cn industril ctivities ffect wter supplies? List t lest two wys. (b) Wht re some of the impcts on society, the economy, nd the environment when we lter mtter? (c) How cn we lter mtter to meet our needs while improving the conditions of the environment? Explin, using one or more specific exmples. t 76. Suppose you visit lke in wilderness re tht is completely uncontminted nd unffected by humn ctivity. Is this lke likely to be full of chemicls or not? Explin your resoning. t Reflection 77. As this unit hs demonstrted, everything round you is composed of chemicls. Briefly describe how your understnding of the concept of chemicls chnged during this unit. c Question Is keeping wter sfe to drink the only reson to prevent wter pollution? Explin. t 74. Think of one chemicl tht you know of from ech of the following res tht hs positive use in your life: hygiene, food, medicine. Identify the chemicl by its common nme nd, if possible, its chemicl nme, nd stte the positive role tht it plys. 75. () Wht kinds of physicl nd chemicl chnges cn people use to lter mtter? 78. In the pst, people hve often used new technologies nd chemicls without crefully considering the long-term consequences of their use nd disposl. List three issues relting to the use nd disposl of chemicls tht you becme wre of while studying this unit. Write letter to future genertions explining your view of how these issues should be ddressed tody nd why this will mke difference in the future. c 79. The wy in which we pply science nd technology impcts the environment. Of the different wys tht chemistry cn be used to solve environmentl problems, describe t lest one tht you think is very promising bsed on your new understnding of the properties of mtter. c Unit B 251