Full file at

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 1. Which statement is incorrect? A. According to the atomic theory, all matter is composed of atoms. B. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are subatomic particles. C. Electrons are larger than neutrons. D. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. 2. Choose the incorrect statement about the proton: A. The proton has the atomic mass of 1 amu. B. The proton has the same charge as the neutron. C. The proton is larger than the electron. C. The proton and the neutron have approximately the same atomic mass. 3. One of these choices is not a characteristic of subatomic particles: A. The mass of an atom is located equally in the nucleus and the electron cloud. B. The proton has a mass of x g. C. The electron is about 1/2000 the mass of a neutron. D. The proton has an electrical charge the opposite of the electron. 4. The atom s structure characteristically has A. the protons and neutron within the nucleus. B. the electrons located outside the nucleus. C. mostly empty space. D. All of these choices are correct. 5. Which of the substances listed cannot be considered as an element? A. sodium B. iron C. air D. carbon 6. How are elements named? A. by the number of subatomic particles. B. by the crystalline structure. C. by the relationship with other elements. D. by no specific rules.. The elements that are most of the mass of our bodies are: A. C, H, Na, and K B. H, Fe, Na, and C C. C, H, O, and N D. Na, Fe, O, and K 9

2 HEALTH LINK RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCES (RDAs) 8. What is the idea behind RDAs of vitamins? A. to control the diet to prevent diseases. B. to meet the needs of the average person without toxicity. C. to make certain that everybody eats the same foods. D. to make certain that overdoses don t occur. 9. The atomic number is A. the number of neutrons in an atom. B. the number of protons in an atom. C. the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. D. the number of subatomic particles in an atom. 10. The number of protons and neutrons in the atoms is A. the atomic number. B. the total number used to determine the identity of the element. C. the mass number. D. the indicator of how many electrons there are in an atom. 11. Which is the proper notation for oxygen, atomic number 8 and atomic mass 16? 16 A. O 8 8 B. O C. O 8 8 O D Lithium atoms contain 3 protons and 4 neutrons. What is the correct notation for lithium? A. Li 3 4 B. Li 3 4 C. Li 3 D. Li. Two atoms that are isotopes contain A. the same number of electrons and neutrons. B. the same number of protons and neutrons. C. the same number of protons and electrons. D. different numbers of protons. 14. Isotopes are two or more atoms with A. the same number of neutrons and protons. B. the same atomic mass C. the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. D. the same number of neutrons, but different numbers of protons. 10

3 15. All atoms share which of these factors in common? A. Each atom contains the same number of electrons. B. Each atom contains the same number of protons as electrons. C. Each atom contains the same number of protons as neutrons. D. Each atom contains the same number of neutrons as electrons. 16. An atom of sodium contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons. A. The atom also contains 11 electrons. B. The atom also contains 12 electrons. C. The atom also contains 23 electrons. D. There are no other factors related to the 11 protons and 12 neutrons. 1. The periodic table of the elements does not usually have whole numbers for atomic weights. Why? A. The atomic weights are not predictable. B. The atomic weights include protons and neutrons at 1 amu each, but they also include electrons, which weigh a lot less than one. C. The atomic weight is the average weight of all atoms of an element. D. The atomic weights do not include isomers. 18. Suppose element El contained the four atomic weights listed. Which symbol represents the majority of the presence of element El, atomic weight 20.? A. El-16 B. El-18 C. El-19 D. El- 19. Element Ex has the atomic weight of 3.8. Ex-3 and Ex-4 have been documented. Which is the most common? A. There are equal amounts of Ex-3 and Ex-4 in nature. B. Ex-3.1 C. Ex-3 D. Ex Element number 104, rutherfordium, has an atomic weight expressed as (261). The number in parentheses indicates that A. very little has been found and the atomic weight cannot be determined accurately. B. the atomic weight of the various forms of the element is highly variable. C. the atomic weight is the most common atomic weight of a large number of atomic weights. D. the element is not found in nature.. An atomic weight, such as (222), is in parentheses because A. the atomic weight is a whole number. B. this is the weight of the form that decays the slowest. C. very little of the element exists in nature. D. the atomic weight is so much larger than the atomic number. 11

4 22. Where are the metals located on the periodic table of the elements? A. on the right B. along the line between B and Al to between Po and At. C. on the left D. in the two sections separated from the rest of the table. 23. Which group contains the alkali metals? A. 1A B. 2A C. 3A D. 8A 24. Which statement is correct? A. Cr is in period VIB. B. Fe is a transition metal. C. Mg is an alkali metal. D. Cl is an inert gas 25. What is the relationship of a metal atom to the right of another metal atom in the same period? A. The atom to the right is usually the smaller in diameter. B. The atom to the right is usually the smaller in atomic weight. C. The atom to the right is usually the smaller in atomic number. D. The atom to the right is more likely to have fewer isotopes. 26. The higher up on the periodic table, A. the heavier the nucleus. B. the more the element is likely to conduct electricity. C. the more nonmetallic in character. D. the more likely to be a semimetal. 2. How many atoms of sodium are there in 0.2 moles sodium atoms? A x atoms B x atoms C. 1.2 x atoms D. 12 x atoms 28. Iron has the atomic weight of What is the number of atoms in one mole of iron? A atoms B. 1 x atoms C x atoms D. 12 dozen atoms 29. A sample of magnesium weighs 10 grams. How many moles of magnesium are there in the sample? A. 10 moles B. 6 x moles 12

5 C. 60 x atoms D. 0.4 moles 30. What is the number of atoms present in a 20 gram sample of lithium? A. 8 B. 1.2 x C. 1. x D. 4.0 x Most elements have a radioisotope. What is a radioisotope? A. an isotope that has a different atomic number. B. an isotope that releases nuclear radiation. C. an isotope that releases electrical radiation. D. any isotope that can absorb nuclear particles If radium, Ra 88, were to emit an alpha particle, what would be the other product? A. beta particles 22 2 Rn B C D. 88 Ra Ra 33. Scandium enters into a reaction in which a positron is emitted. Which is the correct reaction? 40 A. Sc 34Sc + 40 B. Sc 36Sc + 40 C. Sc 20 36Ca + 40 Sc 40Ca + D Nitrogen- emits a positron on decay. Identify the reaction. A. N C 6 + B. N N + C. N 14C 6 + D. N O What is the minimum protection against exposure to beta particles? A. None, beta particles are of low energy and cannot penetrate skin. B. Gloves, a lab coat, or over a meter s distance from the source. C. A thin sheet of plastic or metal. D. A sheet of lead. 36. Iron-59 has the half-life of 45 days. How much of a 50-gram sample would remain after 180 days? A. 1 gram B. 3 grams

6 C. 25 grams D. There is no way to determine the results. 3. A 35 mg dose of iodine-1 with a half-life of 8 days is administered to a patient. How long will it take for the iodine to decay so that there are only 2 mg remaining? A. 8 days B. 16 days C. 32 days D. 64 days HEALTH LINK CT AND PET IMAGING 38. Whereas x-ray works well for bones, the value of a CAT scan is A. it provides the clearest pictures of bones of all imaging systems. B. it provides the diagnostician with slices of the body, which can be used for soft tissues. C. it provides a clear picture of gamma rays produced within the tissue. D. it provides images used in studies, such as monitoring sugar usage. True-False questions 39. True-False: The person who is credited with the first scientific description of atoms is Berkeley. 40. True-False: An atom contains 12 protons and 12 neutrons; however, a different atom contains 10 protons and 12 neutrons. These two atoms are not isotopes. 41. True-False: Silicon is an example of a semimetal. 42. True-False: Calcium is a transition metal as is indicated by the location of calcium on the periodic table. 43. True-False: The isotope of hydrogen that is a radioisotope has the mass of 3 amu. 44. True-False: The imaging system that works the best for following a radioisotope s movement through the body is x-ray. Fill in the blank questions: 45. The maximum number of letters that can be used in an element s symbol is 46. The health of the may be affected if the RDA of iron is significantly exceeded. 4. The atomic number is the number of found in a specific element. 14

7 48. Beryllium and magnesium can be predicted as having similar properties because they are in the same on the periodic table. 49. The number of is the same in one mole of sodium as there are in one mole of zinc. 50. The least energetic of the forms of radiation is the particle. 15

8 ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 2 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. D. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. A. C 14. C 15. B 16. A 1. C 18. D 19. D 20. D. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. C 2. C 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 3. C 38. B 39. false 40. true 41. true 42. false 43. true 44. false 45. two 46. heart 4. protons 48. group 49. atoms 50. alpha 16