ANNOUNCEMENTS! 2. Quizzes beginning of class Must be on time to class No Excuses; tardies

Transcription

1 ANNOUNCEMENTS! 1. Housekeeping Rules, Door, Attention signal, Bathroom Class average = seats = rule 3 2. Quizzes beginning of class Must be on time to class No Excuses; tardies 3. Tutoring 2:15 Sign log Grade, help, etc Title Page # Book learning 42 Book learning 43 Book learning 44 Nuclear Chem IP 45 Nuclear Chem Notes 46 Half-life Lab 47 Periodic Table #2 48 Periodic Trends Notes 49 Periodic Trends IP 50 p4 p7 p8

2 The Periodic Table The periodic table is an organizing structure based on the properties of the elements.

3 The Periodic Table Element Groups Elements belonging to a group typically share several common properties. Also, elements in a group share a common number of valence electrons. (Vertical) Element Periods Elements in a period share a highest unexcited electron energy level. There are more elements in some periods than others because the number of elements is determined by the number of electrons allowed in each energy sublevel. (Horizontal)

4 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A Alkali Metals Alkali Earth Metals Transition Metals Halogens Noble Gases NOBEL GASES 1. Create a key 2. Place medium-sized marker dots in each box

5 Answer CFU #1-4 5 minutes

6 CFU: Identify the chemical family to which each of the following elements belongs: Identify the chemical family to which each of the following elements belongs: Element Potassium Iodine Radon Chromium Magnesium Fluorine Chemical Family Alkali Metals Halogens Noble Gases Transition Metals Alkali Earth Metals Halogens

7 Alkali Metals Alkali Earth Metals CFU: Which chemical families are named for the metals they contain?

8 CFU: Which chemical family is composed of elements that do not react in a chemical reaction? Noble Gases

9 CFU: What is the name of the largest chemical family on the periodic table? Transition Metals

10 WE WILL BE ADDING 8 ARROWS TO YOUR TABLE, MAKE ROOM!!!!!!!!

11 Metals,Non-metals, and Metalloids Metallic character refers to the level of reactivity of a metal. Metals tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions. 1. Create a key 2. Shade each region using a color pencil/crayon

12 Metals A metal is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are generally: Malleable - can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking Fusible - able to be fused or melted Ductile - able to be drawn out into a thin wire

13 Non-Metals Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. Seventeen elements are generally classified as nonmetals; most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon); one is a liquid (bromine); and a few are solids (carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine).

14 Metalloids A metalloid is a chemical element with properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals. There is no standard definition of a metalloid, nor is there complete agreement as to which elements are appropriately classified as such.

15 Metallic Character Trend Metals tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions. Metallic character increases as you move down an element group in the periodic table. WHY? Atomic radius increases (less attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons because of the increased distance). Metallic character decreases as you move across a period in the periodic table from left to right. This occurs as atoms more readily accept electrons to fill a valence shell than lose them to remove the unfilled shell. Will I Gain 7 e- or Lose 1 e- Will I Gain 1 e- or Lose 7 e-

16 Answer CFU #1-3 5 minutes

17 CFU 1. Which of the following elements can be characterized as a metal? Potassium Chlorine Cadmium Molybdenum Carbon Krypton 2. Classify each of the elements below as either a(n): metal, metalloid or non metal: Lithium Aluminum Sulfur Strontium Oxygen Helium

18 CFU RANK THE LIST OF METALS IN ORDER (4-HIGHEST/1-LOWEST) OF THEIR INCREASING METALLIC PROPERTIES: A POTASSIUM GERMANIUM ARSENIC ZINC B LITHIUM RUBIDIUM CESIUM POTASSIUM

19 Atomic Radius The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms. As you move down a group, atomic radius increases. As you move across a period, atomic radius decreases. We have less ve-, so we wont hold them as tight We have more ve-, so we ll hold onto them tightly

20 DOWN LEFT ATOMIC RADIUS METALLIC CHARACTER

21 CFU 5 minutes

22 5 minutes CFU 1. What property of an atom does the atomic radius define? a. Size of the atom b. Color of the excited atom c. Shape of orbitals d. Number of electrons 2. Rearrange the following elements in order of INCREASING ATOMIC RADIUS Fluorine Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon 3. Rearrange the following elements in order of DECREASING ATOMIC RADIUS Boron Yttrium Palladium Silver Indium Tin

23 Work Time INDEPENDENT PRACTICE HOME LEARNING Half-life IP Periodic Trends IP #2 Chapter 2 Section 6 pgs Atoms with More than One Electron CU: # s 1-5 C2G: # s 1-8 Chapter 2 Section 7 pgs How e- determine Chem. Behavior CU: # s 1-2 C2G: # s 1-5 Chapter 2 Section 8 pgs How Atoms Interact with Each Other CU: # s 1-3a-d C2G: # s 1(all), 4a, and 5a-d Spot check, last 15 min

24 ANNOUNCEMENTS! 1. Housekeeping Rules, Door, Attention signal, Bathroom 2. Tutoring 2:15 Sign log Grade, help, etc 3. Thanksgiving assignment (Reading) FOCUS Kinga2.weebly.com REMIND (ExCr) Title Page # Book learning 42 Book learning 43 Book learning 44 Nuclear Chem IP 45 Nuclear Chem Notes 46 Half-life Lab 47 Periodic Table #2 48 Periodic Trends Notes 49 Periodic Trends IP 50

25 Trend 3: Electronegativity Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons.

26 Electronegativity Trend As you go left to right a period the electronegativity increases. As you go up a group, electronegativity increases. Less valence e- More valence e-

27 Electronegativity Trend The most electronegative element is fluorine. If you remember that fact, everything becomes easy, because electronegativity must always increase towards fluorine in the Periodic Table.

28 isotope More or Less Neutrons

29 ion Charged atom; More or Less Electrons

30 Trend 4: Ionization Energy = removing e- The ionization energy (IE) the amount of energy required to remove a valence electron of an atom to form an ion. 1 st Ionization Energy: energy needed to remove the first electron 2 nd Ionization Energy: energy needed to remove the second electron, etc. Similar concept to electronegativity

31 UP RIGHT IONIZATION ENERGY ELECTRONEGATIVITY

32 5 minutes Answer CFU #1-4 Easiest to hardest Na < Mg <Al < Si Na > Mg <Al > Si

33 CFU #1 Which of the following is the correct order for the first ionization energies of their elements? a.b < Be < N < O b.be < B < N < O c. B < Be < O < N d.b < O < Be < N

34 CFU #2 The incorrect statement among the following is: a. The first ionization potential of Al is less than the first ionization potential of Mg. b. The second ionization potential of Mg is greater than the second ionization potential Na. c. The first ionization potential of Na is less than the first ionization potential of Mg. d. The third ionization potential of Mg is greater than that of Al.

35 CFU #3 The first ionization potentials of Na, Mg, Al and Si are in the order: a. Na < Mg > Al < Si b. Na < Mg < Al > Si c. Na <Mg < Al < Si d. Na > Mg <Al > Si

36 CFU #4 The increasing order of the first ionization enthalpies of the elements B, P, S and F (lowest first) is: a. F < S < P < B b. P < S < B < F c. B < P < S < F d. B < S < P < F

37 Check for Understanding 1. Define electronegativity 2. On the Pauling scale the electronegativity's of nitrogen and oxygen are respectively 3.0 and 3.5. Why is oxygen more electronegative than nitrogen? (Think Position) 3. On the same scale, the electronegativity of sulphur is 2.5. Why is sulphur less electronegative than oxygen. (Think Position) 4. By thinking about where the following atoms are in the Periodic Table, sort them into order of Increasing electronegativity: Aluminium, Barium, Boron, Caesium, Calcium, Carbon, Fluorine

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39 Work Time INDEPENDENT PRACTICE HOME LEARNING Half Life Independent Practice #1 Periodic Trends Independent Practice #2 Chapter 2 Section 6 pgs Atoms with More than One Electron CU: # s 1-5 C2G: # s 1-8 Chapter 2 Section 7 pgs How e- determine Chem. Behavior CU: # s 1-2 C2G: # s 1-5 Chapter 2 Section 8 pgs How Atoms Interact with Each Other CU: # s 1-3a-d C2G: # s 1(all), 4a, and 5a-d Spot check, last 15 min