Nuclear Reactions: Chemistry 5.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
|
|
- Ralf Conley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nuclear Reactions: Chemistry 5.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
2 Discovery of Radioactivity
3 Roentgen In 1895 Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovered Xrays. Roentgen observed that a vacuum discharge tube enclosed in a thin, black cardboard box had caused a nearby piece of paper coated with the salt barium platinocyanide to phosphorescence.
4 Roentgen From this and other experiments he concluded that certain rays, which he called X-rays, were emitted from the discharge tube, penetrated the box, and caused the salt to glow.
5 Becquerel Shortly after Roentgen s discovery, Antoine Henri Becquerel attempted to show a relationship between X-rays and the phosphorescence of uranium salts. Becquerel wrapped a photographic plate in black paper, sprinkled a sample of a uranium salt on it, and exposed it to sunlight.
6 Becquerel When Becquerel attempted to repeat experiment the sunlight was intermittent. the He took the photographic plate wrapped in black paper with the uranium sample on it, and placed the whole setup in a drawer.
7 Becquerel Several days later he developed the film and was amazed to find an intense image of the uranium salt on the plate. He repeated the experiment in total darkness with the same result.
8 Becquerel This proved that the uranium salt emitted rays that affected the photographic plate, and that these rays were not a result of phosphorescence due to exposure to sunlight. One year later, in 1896, Marie Curie coined the name radioactivity. Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of Elementsand/or havingrays this from property are radioactive. particles the nucleus of an atom.
9 Rutherford In 1899 Rutherford began to investigate the nature of the rays emitted by uranium. He found two particles in the rays. He called them alpha and beta particles. Rutherford s nuclear atom description led scientists to attribute the phenomenon of radioactivity to reaction taking place in the nuclei of atoms. In 1899, when testing Uranium, he realized it emitted particles changing into another element.
10 Villiard The gamma ray, a third type of emission from radioactive material, was discovered by Paul Villiard in 1900.
11 Definitions
12 Natural Radioactivity
13 Radioactive elements continuously undergo radioactive decay or disintegration to form different elements. Radioactivity is a property of an atom s nucleus. It is not affected by temperature, pressure, chemical change or physical state.
14 radioactive decay the process by which a radioactive element emits particles or rays and is transformed into another element. 14 Farley Visitors Center
15 Each radioactive nuclide disintegrates at a specific and constant rate, which is expressed in units of half-life. The half-life (t1/2) is the time required for one-half of a specific amount of a radioactive nuclide to disintegrate.
16 The half-life of 131I is 8 days. How much 32-g sample remains after five half-lives? half-lives 131 I from a number of days amount remaining g Trace a horizontal line from this point on the plotted Take a perpendicular line from any multiple of 8 days line to the y-axis and read the corresponding grams on 131 the x-axis to the line on the graph. I of
17 Nuclides are said to be either stable (nonradioactive) or unstable (radioactive). Elements that have an atomic number greater than 83 are naturally radioactive. Some of the naturally occurring nuclides of elements 81, 82 and 83 are radioactive and some are stable.
18 Date 1/14 1/15 1/16 1/17 1/18 1/21 1/23 1/24 1/25 I /29 1/30 1/31 2/1 2/5 2/6 2/7 2/ /11 2/
19
20 Alpha Particles, Beta Particles and Gamma Rays
21 Marie Curie, in a classic experiment, proved that alpha and beta particles are oppositely charged. three types of radiation are Beta rays areare strongly deflected to radiation passes between Gamma rays not detected by deflected a the photographic thethe positive pole. poles of an electromagnet by magnet. plate 18.1 Alpha rays are less strongly radioactive source deflected to the negativeapole. was placed inside a lead block
22 Alpha Particles
23 The symbols of an alpha particle are An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. α It consists of two protons and two neutrons. It has an atomic number of 2. It has a mass of 4 amu.
24 Loss of an alpha particle from the nucleus results in loss of 4 in the mass number loss of 2 in the atomic number
25 Formation of thorium from the radioactive decay of uranium can be written as mass number decreases by 4 atomic number decreases by 2 or
26 To have a balanced nuclear equation the sum of the mass numbers (superscripts) on both sides of the equation must be equal. the sum of the atomic numbers (subscripts) on both sides of the equation must be equal. sum of mass numbers = 238 sum of atomic numbers = 92
27 Beta Particles
28 The symbols of the beta particle are The beta particle is identical in mass and charge to an electron. β Its charge is -1.
29 Loss of a beta particle from the nucleus results in no change in the mass number an increase of 1 in the atomic number
30 Gamma Rays
31 The symbol of a gamma ray is A gamma ray is a high energy photon. γ It is emitted by radioactive nuclei. It has no electrical charge. It has no measurable mass.
32 Loss of a gamma ray from the nucleus results in no change in the mass number no change in atomic number
33 Write an equation for the loss of an alpha particle from the nuclide 194Pt.
34 Write an equation for the loss of an alpha particle from the nuclide 194Pt. Mass number (sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus) 78 protons neutrons 194 Pt 78 Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus) 78 protons A nuclide of platinum
35 Write an equation for the loss of an alpha particle from the nuclide 194Pt. Loss of an alpha particle, 4He, results in a decrease of 4 in the mass number and a decrease of 2 in the atomic number. Mass of new nuclide: Atomic number of new nuclide: = = 76 Element number 76 is Os, osmium. The equation is
36 What nuclide is formed when particle from its nucleus? 194 Ra loses a beta
37 What nuclide is formed when particle from its nucleus. Mass number (sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus) 194 Ra loses a beta 88 protons neutrons 228 Ra 88 Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus) 88 protons A nuclide of radium
38 What nuclide is formed when particle from its nucleus. 194 Ra loses a beta The loss of a beta particle from a 194Ra nucleus means a gain of 1 in the atomic number with no essential change in mass. Mass of new nuclide: Atomic number of new nuclide: The equation is = = 89
39 Penetrating Power of Radiation
40 The ability of radioactive rays to pass through various objects is in proportion to the speed at which they leave the nucleus. sheet 5-cm of lead block Thin sheet of Thin will reduce, but not paper stops α aluminum stops completely stop γ α and β particles. particles. radiation 18.2
41
42 Shielding Radiation
43 Radioactive Disintegration Series
44 The uranium disintegration series. 238U decays by a series of alpha (α) and beta (β) emissions to the stable nuclide 208Pb. 18.3
45
da u g ht er + radiation
RADIOACTIVITY The discovery of radioactivity can be attributed to several scientists. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895 and shortly after that Henri Becquerel observed radioactive behavior while
More informationRadioactive Decay. Becquerel. Atomic Physics. In 1896 Henri Becquerel. - uranium compounds would fog photographic plates as if exposed to light.
Radioactive Decay Atomic Physics Becquerel In 1896 Henri Becquerel - uranium compounds would fog photographic plates as if exposed to light. - a magnetic field could deflect the radiation that caused the
More informationChapter 19 - Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability and Modes of Decay
Chapter 19 - Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability and Modes of Decay History and Discovery of Radioactivity The Discovery of Radioactivity (1896) Antoine-Henri Bequerel designed experiment to determine
More informationWhat is Radiation? Física da Radiação MEBiom 2016/2017 Patrícia Gonçalves. Supporting Slides and images
What is Radiation? Física da Radiação MEBiom 2016/2017 Patrícia Gonçalves Supporting Slides and images Radiation? Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through some material or through
More informationIsotopes of an element have the same symbol and same atomic number - Mass number refers to the protons plus neutrons in an isotope
7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay Natural background radiation exists all around us. This radiation consists of high energy particles or waves being emitted from a variety of materials Radioactivity
More informationIn 1808 John Dalton proposed that:
In 1808 John Dalton proposed that: all matter is made up of atoms which cannot be subdivided atoms of the same element are identical atoms of different elements have different masses atoms combine together
More information25.1. Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear Radiation Marie Curie was a Polish scientist whose research led to many discoveries about radiation and radioactive elements. In 1934 she died from leukemia caused by her long-term exposure to
More informationChapter 19 - Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability and Modes of Decay
Chapter 19 - Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Stability and Modes of Decay History and Discovery of Radioactivity The Discovery of Radioactivity (1896) Antoine-Henri Bequerel designed experiment to determine
More informationChapter 3. Radioactivity. Table of Contents
Radioactivity Table of Contents Introduction 1. Radioactivity 2. Types of Radioactive Decays 3. Natural Radioactivity 4. Artificial Radioactivity 5. The Rate of Radioactive Decay 6. The Effects of Radiation
More information7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay
7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay exists all around us. This radiation consists of high energy particles or waves being emitted from a variety of materials. is the release of high energy particles
More informationCh05. Radiation. Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6
Ch05 Radiation Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2016 Ch05 Radiation The Discovery of Radioactivity Phosphorescence Radioactive history Antoine
More informationRadioactivity. General Physics II PHYS 111. King Saud University College of Applied Studies and Community Service Department of Natural Sciences
King Saud University College of Applied Studies and Community Service Department of Natural Sciences Radioactivity General Physics II PHYS 111 Nouf Alkathran nalkathran@ksu.edu.sa Outline Radioactive Decay
More information: When electrons bombarded surface of certain materials, invisible rays were emitted
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions 1. Occur when nuclei emit particles and/or rays. 2. Atoms are often converted into atoms of another element. 3. May involve protons, neutrons, and electrons 4. Associated
More informationChemistry 52 Chapter 11 ATOMIC STRUCTURE. The general designation for an atom is shown below:
ATOMIC STRUCTURE An atom is composed of a positive nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons in a nucleus are referred
More informationChapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry 11.1 Nuclear Reactions Nuclear reactions involve the particles located in the nucleus of the atom: The nucleus contains: An atom is characterized by: X A Z - Z the gives the
More information6. Atomic and Nuclear Physics
6. Atomic and Nuclear Physics Chapter 6.2 Radioactivity From IB OCC, prepared by J. Domingues based on Tsokos Physics book Warm Up Define: nucleon atomic number mass number isotope. Radioactivity In 1896,
More informationRadioactivity. General Physics II PHYS 111. King Saud University College of Applied Studies and Community Service Department of Natural Sciences
King Saud University College of Applied Studies and Community Service Department of Natural Sciences Radioactivity General Physics II PHYS 111 Nouf Alkathran nalkathran@ksu.edu.sa Outline Radioactive Decay
More informationChemistry 132 NT. Nuclear Chemistry. Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted.
Chemistry 132 NT Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted. Albert Einstein 1 Chem 132 NT Nuclear Chemistry Module 1 Radioactivity and Nuclear Bombardment
More informationChapter 37. Nuclear Chemistry. Copyright (c) 2011 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved.
Chapter 37 Nuclear Chemistry Copyright (c) 2 by Michael A. Janusa, PhD. All rights reserved. 37. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off
More informationSCIENCE 10: (7.1) ATOMIC THEORY, ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Name: Date: Block: (Textbook Reference pp in BC Science 10) into an
SCIENCE 10: (7.1) ATOMIC THEORY, ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE DECAY Name: Date: Block: (Textbook Reference pp. 286-301 in BC Science 10) Natural background radiation: It has the ability to interact with an
More informationRadioactivity & Nuclear. Chemistry. Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School. Chemistry
Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School Chemistry The Discovery of Radioactivity Antoine-Henri Becquerel designed an experiment to determine if phosphorescent minerals also
More informationRadioactivity and Radioactive Decay
and Radioactive Decay 40 We go back in time again. The beginning of the events leading to our modern understanding of how the nucleus works can be taken back to 1896. That is about thirteen years before
More informationChapter 19 Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 19 Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry The Discovery of Radioactivity! Antoine-Henri Becquerel designed an experiment to determine if phosphorescent minerals also gave off X-rays The Discovery
More informationAtoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity
Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all of the properties of that element. Composition
More informationAlpha decay usually occurs in heavy nuclei such as uranium or plutonium, and therefore is a major part of the radioactive fallout from a nuclear
Radioactive Decay Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei. This phenomenon was first reported in 1896 by the French physicist Henri Becquerel. Marie Curie and her husband Pierre
More informationRadioactive Decay What is Radioactivity? http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/3033 http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/3035 http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/2160 Quick Review
More informationAt the conclusion of this lesson the trainee will be able to: a) Write a typical equation for the production of each type of radiation.
RADIOACTIVITY - SPONTANEOUS NUCLEAR PROCESSES OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this lesson the trainee will be able to: 1. For~, p and 7 decays a) Write a typical equation for the production of each type
More informationNuclear Chemistry Bravo 15,000 kilotons
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Bravo 15,000 kilotons Radioactive elements Radioactive elements Elements with atomic numbers greater than 83 are radioactive Why? These elements have too many protons
More informationH 1. Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Physics. 1. Parts of Atom. A. Nuclear Structure. 2b. Nomenclature. 2. Isotopes. AstroPhysics Notes
AstroPhysics Notes Nuclear Physics Dr. Bill Pezzaglia Nuclear Physics A. Nuclear Structure B. Nuclear Decay C. Nuclear Reactions Updated: 0Feb07 Rough draft A. Nuclear Structure. Parts of Atom. Parts of
More informationNuclear Science A Teacher s Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart 1998 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP)
Nuclear Science A Teacher s Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart 1998 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Chapter 3 Radioactivity In radioactive processes, particles or electromagnetic radiation
More informationWhat does rate of reaction mean?
1 of 39 What does rate of reaction mean? 2 of 39 The speed of different chemical reactions varies hugely. Some reactions are very fast and others are very slow. The speed of a reaction is called the rate
More informationGlencoe: Chapter 4. The Structure of the Atom
Glencoe: Chapter 4 The Structure of the Atom Section One: Early Ideas about Matter Atomists and Democritus : 400 B.C. From Thrace in Greece. Atoms- Uncut-Table Indivisible parts which cannot be broken
More informationName Date Class NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
25 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY SECTION 25.1 NUCLEAR RADIATION (pages 799 802) This section describes the nature of radioactivity and the process of radioactive decay. It characterizes alpha, beta, and gamma radiation
More informationPopulating nucleon states. From the Last Time. Other(less stable) helium isotopes. Radioactivity. Radioactive nuclei. Stability of nuclei.
Nucleus: From the Last Time System of and neutrons bound by the strong force Proton number determines the element. Different isotopes have different # neutrons. Stable isotopes generally have similar number
More informationH 1. Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Physics. 1. Parts of Atom. 2. Isotopes. AstroPhysics Notes. Dr. Bill Pezzaglia. Rough draft. A.
AstroPhysics Notes Tom Lehrer: Elements Dr. Bill Pezzaglia Nuclear Physics Updated: 0Feb Rough draft Nuclear Physics A. Nuclear Structure A. Nuclear Structure B. Nuclear Decay C. Nuclear Reactions. Parts
More informationUNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY REVIEW: ISOTOPE NOTATION An isotope notation is written as Z A X, where X is the element, A is the mass number (sum of protons and neutrons), and Z is the atomic number. For
More information3 Types of Nuclear Decay Processes
3 Types of Nuclear Decay Processes Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of an unstable nucleus The radioactive decay of a nucleus may result from the emission of some particle from the nucleus. The emitted
More informationChapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 8 Nuclear Chemistry 8. Discovery of radioactivity 895 Roentgen discovery of radioactivity X-ray X-ray could penetrate other bodies and affect photographic plates led to the development of X-ray
More information10.1 RADIOACTIVE DECAY
10.1 RADIOACTIVE DECAY When Henri Becquerel placed uranium salts on a photographic plate and then developed the plate, he found a foggy image. The image was caused by rays that had not been observed before.
More informationLecture 21 Fundamentals of Physics Phys 120, Fall 2015 Nuclear Physics
Lecture 21 Fundamentals of Physics Phys 120, Fall 2015 Nuclear Physics A. J. Wagner North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102 Fargo, November 13, 2015 Overview Why care about nuclei? How do nuclei
More informationChapter 3 Radioactivity
Chapter 3 Radioactivity Marie Curie 1867 1934 Discovered new radioactive elements Shared Nobel Prize in physics in 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 Radioactivity Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission
More informationCHEMISTRY - MCQUARRIE 4E CH.27 - NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: NUCLEAR REACTIONS Nuclear Reactions deal with chemical processes in nuclei atoms. Unlike normal chemical reactions where the identity of the elements stay the same, nuclear
More informationPS-21 First Spring Institute say : Teaching Physical Science. Radioactivity
PS-21 First Spring Institute say 2012-2013: Teaching Physical Science Radioactivity What Is Radioactivity? Radioactivity is the release of tiny, highenergy particles or gamma rays from the nucleus of an
More informationWhat happens during nuclear decay? During nuclear decay, atoms of one element can change into atoms of a different element altogether.
When Henri Becquerel placed uranium salts on a photographic plate and then developed the plate, he found a foggy image. The image was caused by rays that had not been observed before. For his discovery
More informationChapter 7 - Radioactivity. Science 10 P
Chapter 7 - Radioactivity Science 10 P286-328 What is Radiation? Radiation is: anything that radiates away from something. Radiation may be in the form of: particles (neutrons, alpha particles, and beta
More informationUnderstanding the Atom
CHAPTER 7 Understanding the Atom LESSON 2 Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons How Atoms Differ What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place
More informationChapter 4 The Atom. Philosophers and scientists have proposed many ideas on the structure of atoms.
Chapter4 TheAtom 4.1 Early Models of the Atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction. Philosophers and scientists have proposed many ideas on the
More informationRadioactivity. (b) Fig shows two samples of the same radioactive substance. The substance emits β-particles. Fig. 12.1
112 (a) What is meant by radioactive decay? Radioactivity [2] (b) Fig. 12.1 shows two samples of the same radioactive substance. The substance emits β-particles. Fig. 12.1 Put a tick alongside any of the
More informationChapter 30 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
Chapter 30 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity 30.1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons Proton has positive charge: Neutron is electrically neutral: 30.1 Structure
More informationNuclear & Particle Physics
AstroPhysics Notes Nuclear Physics Dr. Bill Pezzaglia A. Nuclear Structure Nuclear & Particle Physics B. Nuclear Decay C. Nuclear Reactions D. Particle Physics Updated: 0Aug8 Rough draft A. Nuclear Structure
More information3 Radioactivity - Spontaneous Nuclear Processes
3 Radioactivity - Spontaneous Nuclear Processes Becquerel was the first to detect radioactivity. In 1896 he was carrying out experiments with fluorescent salts (which contained uranium) and found that
More informationNOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay
NOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay Why does the nucleus stay together? STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE Short range, attractive force that acts among nuclear particles Nuclear particles attract one
More informationFiesta Ware. Nuclear Chemistry. 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Fiesta Ware 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Measuring Radioactivity One can use a device like this Geiger counter to measure the amount of activity present in a radioactive sample. The ionizing radiation creates
More informationPhys102 Lecture 29, 30, 31 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
Phys10 Lecture 9, 30, 31 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity Key Points Structure and Properties of the Nucleus Alpha, Beta and Gamma Decays References 30-1,,3,4,5,6,7. Atomic Structure Nitrogen (N) Atom
More informationName Date Class NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. Standard Curriculum Core content Extension topics
28 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Conceptual Curriculum Concrete concepts More abstract concepts or math/problem-solving Standard Curriculum Core content Extension topics Honors Curriculum Core honors content Options
More informationJournal 14. What is so dangerous about nuclear energy?
Journal 14 What is so dangerous about nuclear energy? Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Bravo 15,000 kilotons Discovery of Radiation Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen had discovered X rays Pierre & Marie Curie
More informationChapter 17. Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 17 Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry The Discovery of Radioactivity (1896) Antoine-Henri Bequerel designed experiment to determine whether phophorescent minerals also gave off X-rays. Bequerel
More informationCHAPTER 19 THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS NUCLEAR STRUCTURE The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. A protonis a positively charged particle having mass 1.6726 x 10(-27) kg and charge 1.6 x 10(-19) coulomb.
More informationUnit 1 Atomic Structure
Unit 1 Atomic Structure Defining the Atom I. Atomic Theory A. Modern Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the same element are chemically alike 3. Individual
More informationNuclear & Particle Physics
AstroPhysics Notes Nuclear Physics Dr. Bill Pezzaglia A. Nuclear Structure Nuclear & Particle Physics B. Nuclear Decay C. Nuclear Reactions D. Particle Physics Updated: 03Aug9 (for physics 700) A. Nuclear
More informationUnit 1 Atomic Structure
Unit 1 Atomic Structure 3-1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory I. Atomic Theory A. Modern Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the
More informationChapter 25. Nuclear Chemistry. Types of Radiation
Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry Chemical Reactions 1. Bonds are broken and formed 2. Atoms may rearrange, but remain unchanged 3. Involve only valence electrons 4. Small energy changes 5. Reaction rate is
More informationRules: With each statement, vote true or false. If your vote is correct and you can justify your answer, move along the board.
Rules: With each statement, vote true or false. If your vote is correct and you can justify your answer, move along the board. If your vote is incorrect, move towards the centre. Drop into the middle and
More informationAtomic Structure Summary
Atomic Structure Summary All atoms have: a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons around it Atomic nucleus consists of: positively charged protons and neutrons that have no electric
More informationChem 1A Chapter 5 and 21 Practice Test Grosser ( )
Class: Date: Chem A Chapter 5 and 2 Practice Test Grosser (203-204) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. The periodic law states that the properties
More informationRadioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
chapter 20 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions section 1 The Nucleus What You ll Learn what particles make up an atom and its nucleus how the nucleus is held together what radioactivity is Before You Read
More informationAnswerIT! Atoms and isotopes. Structure of an atom Mass number, atomic number and isotopes Development of the model of the atom.
AnswerIT! Atoms and isotopes Structure of an atom Mass number, atomic number and isotopes Development of the model of the atom. Atoms and isotopes - AnswerIT 1. The diameter of an atom is about 0.000 000
More informationNuclear Chemistry. In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions.
1 1 Nuclear Chemistry In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions. Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off radiation. Nuclear bombardment
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Lecture 10
Nuclear Chemistry Lecture 10 Atomic Nuclei The periodic table tells you about the average atom of an element. Atoms of an element can have different amounts of neutrons, this gives them different mass,
More informationDEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS
DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS TSOKOS LESSON 7-1B RADIOACTIVITY Essential Idea: In the microscopic world energy is discrete. Nature Of Science: Accidental discovery: Radioactivity
More informationChapter 20 Nuclear Chemistry. 1. Nuclear Reactions and Their Characteristics
Chapter 2 Nuclear Chemistry 1. Nuclear Reactions and Their Characteristics Nuclear reactions involve the particles located in the nucleus of the atom: nucleons:. An atom is characterized by its atomic
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity. In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions.
1 Nuclear Chemistry In this chapter we will look at two types of nuclear reactions. Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus spontaneously disintegrates, giving off radiation. Nuclear bombardment
More informationRadioactive Decay. Scientists have discovered that when atoms of one kind of element emit radiation, they can change into atoms of a NEW element.
Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay Scientists have discovered that when atoms of one kind of element emit radiation, they can change into atoms of a NEW element. Why would an atom emit radiation in the
More informationPart 12- Physics Paper 1 Atomic Structure Knowledge Questions
Part 12- Physics Paper 1 Atomic Structure Knowledge Questions Internal energy and energy transfers Internal energy and energy transfers Changes of state and the particle model Particle Model of Matter
More informationChemistry 6A F2007. Dr. J.A. Mack 12/3/07. What do I need to bring? Exam 3: Friday 12/7/07 (here in lecture)
Chemistry 6A F2007 Dr. J.A. Mack Exam 3: Friday 12/7/07 (here in lecture) What will be covered on the exam? Chapter 6: 6.9-6.15 Chapter 7: All Chapter 8: All Chapter 9: 9.1-9.9 Any thing from lab as well
More informationCh 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON
Ch 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name No-Calculators Allowed /65 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
More informationThe Structure of the Atom
The Structure of the Atom Section 4.1 Early Theories of Matter In your textbook, read about the philosophers, John Dalton, and defining the atom. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. Ancient
More informationQuestion Bank. Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics 1. State one difference between a chemical change and a nuclear change. Ans. A chemical change takes place due to transfer/sharing of orbital electrons of atoms of different elements, whereas
More informationNuclear Chemistry - HW
Nuclear Chemistry - HW PSI AP Chemistry Name 1) In balancing the nuclear reaction 238 92U 234 90E + 4 2He, the identity of element E is. A) Pu B) Np C) U D) Pa E) Th 2) This reaction is an example of.
More informationSection 10: Natural Transmutation Writing Equations for Decay
Section 10: Natural Transmutation Writing Equations for Decay Alpha Decay If a radioactive substance changes into another substance because particles are emitted from its nucleus, we say that the original
More information4.1 Structure of the Atom
4.1 Structure of the Atom How do atoms differ from each other? What are atoms composed of? What are the subatomic particles? 2-1 Structure of the Atom Atoms actually are divisible. They are composed of
More informationLight, Energy and Waves
Light, Energy and Waves Transverse waves: Wave Types Waves in which the medium moves at right angles to the direction of the wave Compressional (or longitudinal) waves Waves in which the medium moves back
More informationNuclear Chemistry CHAPTER
Reviewing Vocabulary Use each of the terms below just once to complete the following sentences. alpha particle gray nuclear reactor beta particle half-life radioactivity deuterium nuclear fission sievert
More informationRADIOACTIVITY. Nature of Radioactive Emissions
1 RADIOACTIVITY Radioactivity is the spontaneous emissions from the nucleus of certain atoms, of either alpha, beta or gamma radiation. These radiations are emitted when the nuclei of the radioactive substance
More informationParticle Physics. Question Paper 1. Save My Exams! The Home of Revision. International A Level. Exam Board Particle & Nuclear Physics
For more awesome GSE and level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ Particle Physics Question Paper 1 Level International Level Subject Physics Exam oard IE Topic Particle & Nuclear Physics Sub
More informationKey Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms?
Name Chemistry Essential question: How were the parts of the atom determined? Key Question: What role did the study of radioactivity play in learning more about atoms? Vocabulary: alpha particle fusion
More information... (1) The diagram shows how aluminium sheet is rolled to form foil of constant thickness. rollers source of radiation
PACK G QUESTIONS 1. The three main types of radioactive emission are called alpha, beta and gamma. The diagram shows the penetrations of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. thin paper card aluminium lead
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 37 Modern Physics Nuclear Physics Radioactivity Nuclear reactions http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2140/ Chapter 29 1 Lightning Review Last lecture: 1. Nuclear
More informationIntroduction to Nuclear Engineering. Ahmad Al Khatibeh
Introduction to Nuclear Engineering Ahmad Al Khatibeh CONTENTS INTRODUCTION (Revision) RADIOACTIVITY Radioactive Decay Rates Units of Measurement for Radioactivity Variation of Radioactivity Over Time.
More informationNuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4
Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4 Use the laws of conservation of mass number and charge to determine the identity of X in the equations below. Refer to a periodic table as needed. 222 a. Rn
More informationThe atomic theory explains
The atomic theory explains radioactivity. Radioactive the photograph elements shown release here, energy radioactive as a result iron-59 of changes is used to in make their nuclei. an image In of the circulatory
More informationThe Electromagnetic Spectrum. 7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay. Isotopes. 19K, 19K, 19K Representing Isotopes
7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay Natural background radiation exists all around us. Radioactivity is the release of high energy particles or waves When atoms lose high energy particles and waves,
More informationBetween 1911 and 1913, Ernest Rutherford, a New ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS 7.1 THE ATOM EVIDENCE FOR THE RUTHERFORD NUCLEAR ATOM
ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS 7.1 The atom 7.2 Radioactivity 7.3 Nuclear reactions, fission and fusion 7 7.1 THE ATOM ATOMIC STRUCTURE 7.1.1 Describe a model of the atom that features a small nucleus surrounded
More informationNUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. Changing one element into another by bombarding it with particle bullets in a particle accelerator.
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Word Artificial transmutation Atomic Mass Unit (amu) * Atomic number * Average Atomic Mass * Half-life Isotope * Mass number * Natural radioactivity (Radioactive Decay) Neutron * Nuclear
More informationAssessment Schedule 2011 Physics: Demonstrate understanding of atoms and radioactivity (90256)
NCEA Level 2 Physics (90256) 2011 page 1 of 5 Assessment Schedule 2011 Physics: Demonstrate understanding of atoms and radioactivity (90256) Evidence Statement Q Evidence Achievement Merit Excellence ONE
More informationCh Radioactivity. Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896.
Ch. 10 - Radioactivity Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896. Radioactivity the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy
More informationChemistry: The Central Science. Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry A nuclear reaction involves changes in the nucleus of an atom Nuclear chemistry the study of nuclear reactions, with an emphasis in their uses
More informationName Date Class NUCLEAR RADIATION. alpha particle beta particle gamma ray
25.1 NUCLEAR RADIATION Section Review Objectives Explain how an unstable nucleus releases energy Describe the three main types of nuclear radiation Vocabulary radioisotopes radioactivity radiation alpha
More information(b) Which of these particles has the largest mass? (1) (c) The maximum range of a beta particle in air is about (1)
1 Unstable nuclei can emit particles. (a) Which of these particles has the largest charge? A alpha particle B C beta particle neutron D proton (b) Which of these particles has the largest mass? A alpha
More informationIsotopes and Radioactive Decay
NAME PERIOD DATE CHAPTER 4 NOTES: ISOTOPES Isotopes and Radioactive Decay ISOTOPES: Atoms that contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Isotopes containing more neutrons have
More information