Amperometric Morphine Detection Using Pt-Co Alloy Nanowire Array-modified Electrode
|
|
- Lewis Terry
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1968 Bull. Koren Chem. Soc. 1, Vol. 31, No. 7 Mnln To et l. DOI 1.51/bkcs Amperometric Morphine Detection Using Pt-Co Alloy Nnowire Arry-modified Electrode Mnln To, Feng Xu, Yueting Li, Qunqing Xu, Ynbing Chng, Zisheng Wu, nd Yunhui Yng * College of Chemistry nd Chemicl Engineering, Yunnn Norml University, Kunming 659, P. R. Chin * E-mil: yyhui@yhoo.com.cn Stte Key Lbortory of Chemo/Biosensing nd Chemometrics, Hunn University, Chngsh 418, P. R. Chin Received November 5, 9, Accepted My 19, 1 Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry ws directly synthesized by electrochemicl deposition with polycrbonte templte t 1.V nd subsequent chemicl etching of the templte. The use of Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry-modified electrode (Pt- Co NAE) for the determintion of morphine (MO) is described. The morphology of the Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry hs been investigted by scnning electron microscopy (SEM) nd energy disperse X-ry spectroscopy (EDS) nlysis), respectively. The resulting Pt-Co NAE offered liner mperometric response for morphine rnging from to M with detection limit of M t optimum conditions. This sensor displyed high sensitivity nd long-term stbility. Key Words: Morphine, Pt-Co lloy, Nnowire rry, Amperometric, Electrode Introduction Morphine, well-known potent nrcotic nlgesic nd the ctive metbolite derived from heroin (3,6-dicetylmorphine), hs been reported to influence vrious immune functions nd cuse disruption in the centrl nervous system. It is frequently used to relieve severe pin in ptients, especilly those undergoing surgicl procedure. However, morphine presents toxic symptoms when used to excess or bused. Morphine is extensively metbolized to its morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), with normorphine (NM) nd morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) s minor metbolites, irrespective of the species or dministrtion route. 1, Vrious nlyticl methods hve been developed for the determintion of morphine including gs chromtogrphy/ mss spectrometry, 3 liquid chromtogrphy 4 nd liquid chromtogrphy-mss spectrometry. 5,6 However, those methods re time-consuming nd very costly. Compred to other options, electro-nlysis hs the dvntges of simplicity nd high sensitivity,but the use of bre electrodes for electrochemicl mesurements hs number of limittions, such s slow electron trnsfer rection nd electrode fouling problems. Jin et l. hve prepred coblt hexcynoferrte (CoHCF) chemiclly modified electrode (CME) for mperometric determintion of morphine. 7 Ho et l. hve used Prussin blue modified- indium tin oxide electrode to determine MO. 8 Yeh nd Ho hve reported n mperometric MO sensor bsed on moleculrly imprinted electrode. 9 Pournghi-Azr nd Sdtird hve reported the use of prussin blue film modified-plldized luminum electrode (PB/Pd-Al) prepred by simple nd rpid electroless method for the determintion of codeine (CO) nd morphine (MO) simultneously. 1 Fst, sensitive, simple, inexpensive, nd specific method for the quntittive determintion of MO is still highly required. Recently, nnomterils hve become the focus of scientific reserchers becuse of their unique electronic, opticl, nd ctlytic properties Especilly, metllic lloys nnowires hve been of considerble interest in the field of ctlysis nd sensors becuse they often exhibit better ctlytic properties thn monometllic counterprts. 15,16 Sun et l. 16 hve reported Pt-Pb nnowire rry electrode for enzyme-free glucose detection. S. Frnz et l. 17 hve mde Pt-Co lloys with microelectrodeposition for micromgnetic pplictions. In this pper, the Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry ws synthesized in polycrbonte (PC) templte by mens of direct electrodeposition technique t 1.V. Furthermore, considering its good ctlysis to MO, the Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry-modified electrode (Pt-Co NAE) ws used for the determintion of MO with chronomperometry. The mjor dvntges of Pt-Co NAE re the simplicity, rpidity nd minituriztion in preprtion, high stbility of the Pt-Co lloy surfce nd its effective ctlytic ctivity for the electro-oxidtion of MO. Experimentl Chemicls. Nuclepore trck-etch polycrbonte (PC) templtes (. µm) were provided by Whtmn (Anodisc 5 mm). Co (NH SO 3 ) ws supplied by Jingxi Domestic cpitl chemicl Co., Ltd (Jingxi, Chin). Pt (NH 3) (NO ) ws purchsed from Shnghi Jiuyue chemicl Co., Ltd (Shnghi, Chin). Morphine hydrochloride (MO hydrochloride) ws from the mteril evidence identifiction center of Ministry of Public Security (Beijing, Chin). A. M phosphte buffer (PB) solution ws prepred using N HPO 4 nd NH PO 4 nd djusted to ph 6.5. All of the other chemicls were of nlyticl grde nd used s received. All solutions were prepred with doubly distilled wter. Instrumenttion. Cyclic voltmmetric nd chronomperometry mesurements were crried out on XJP-81(C) polrogrph (Jingsu, Chin). Scnning electron microscopy (SEM) ws performed on XL3ESEM-TMP microscope (Philips, Holnd). Energy dispersive X-ry spectroscopy (EDS) ws performed using n energy dispersive nlysis system of X-ry
2 Morphine Detection using Pt-Co Alloy Nnowire Arry Bull. Koren Chem. Soc. 1, Vol. 31, No (EDAX, USA). A three-electrode cell (1 ml) with the Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry-modified electrode s the working electrode, sturted clomel electrode (SCE) s reference electrode nd pltinum foil electrode s counter electrode ws used. All potentils were mesured nd reported versus the SCE. The mesurements were crried out t 5 ± 1 o C. Synthesis of Pt-Co lloy nnowire. To mke the templte conductive, thin film of Au (~3 nm) ws first sputtered onto one surfce of the PC membrne using the pumped vcuum spry gold device of SEM. The PC templte sputtered with thin gold film ws connected with copper wire (5 cm) using grphite conductive dhesive. The preprtion of PC templte ws completed fter the conductive dhesive dried t room temperture. Before the deposition, the PC templte ws first plced in the electroplting solution for 1 min in order to llow the solution to penetrte throughout the templte. According to the report of S. Frnz et l., 17 electrodeposition ws crried out in complex solution contining.1 M coblt sulphmte,.1 M Pt (NH 3) (NO ),.1 M mmonium citrte, nd.1 M glycine by pplying certin potentil of 1. V. The electrolyte ph ws mintined t 8 by ddition of either sodium hydroxide or sulphmic cid if necessry. After deposition of 3 min, the synthesis of Pt-Co lloy nnowire ws completed. In contrst, Pt nnowires were prepred in.1 M KCl solution contining mm H PtCl 6 t 1. V. Fbriction of Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry-modified electrode. Glssy crbon electrode (GCE) (3 mm dimeter) ws used s the substrte electrode. Before use, it ws first polished with 1.,.3 nd.5 µm lumin slurry nd rinsed thoroughly with bsolute lcohol nd distilled wter in ultrsonic bth, nd dried in ir t room temperture. A piece of the deposited PC templte ws plced gold-side down onto the surfce of the GCE. Then, chloroform ws dropped onto PC membrne for severl times to dissolve PC membrne nd relese Pt-Co lloy nnowire. After the voltilizing of the chloroform, the film of Pt-Co lloy nnowire were kept onto the surfce of the GCE with good stbility nd conductivity. The electrode ws wshed successively with ethnol nd wter. For comprison, Pt nnowires rry-modified electrode ws prepred using sme process. Conventionl bre Pt electrode ws lso used s comprison fter physiclly polishing with lumin slurry of different size. Electrochemicl mesurements. The cyclic voltmmetric behviors of the modified electrode in. M PB solution (ph 6.5) before nd fter dding morphine were investigted t room temperture from V to +1.V (versus SCE). Amperometric mesurements were crried out t.7 V in stirred solution with stedy-stte bckground current first recorded before stock morphine hydrochloride stndrd solution ws dded into the buffer solution. Results nd Discussion Chrcteristics of Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry. The morphology of the nnowires rry ws chrcterized by SEM (Fig. 1A).The verge dimeter of nnowire is bout 5 nm, which corresponds to the size of the nnopore in the templte. The verge length of the nnowires is bout 5 µm. It cn lso be seen (A) (B) KCnt Co Cu Pt Co D:\EDS-user\9-EDS\June9-EDS\1-1.spc 3-Jun-9 17:53:46 LSecs:4 Pt Cu Energy (KeV) Figure 1. SEM imge of the Pt -Co lloy nnowire rry fter PC templte ws dissolved for 15 min (A) nd EDS of the Pt -Co lloy nnowire rry (B). Figure. SEM imges of the pltinum nnowire rry fter PC templte ws dissolved for 15 min. from the imge tht ech nnowire is verticlly, mking ech nnowire work s n individul nnoelectrode. EDS nlysis lso confirmed the formtion of Pt-Co lloys (Fig. 1B). The morphology of the pltinum nnowire rry ws lso chrcterized by SEM (Fig. ). The verge dimeter of the nnowires ws bout 5 nm with the length of bout.5 ~ 3 µm. Fig. 3 shows the SEM imges of the Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry with different dissolved time by chloroform. As it cn be
3 197 Bull. Koren Chem. Soc. 1, Vol. 31, No. 7 Mnln To et l. (A) (B) (C) Acc.V Mgn Det WD 5 µm 3. kv 1x BSE 5.8 1# Mt Key Lb of KMUST min 15 min Acc.V Mgn Det WD µm 3. kv x BSE 5.8 1# Mt Key Lb of KMUST Acc.V Mgn Det WD µm 3. kv x SE 7.5 Pt Mt Key Lb of KMUST Figure 3. SEM imges of the Pt -Co lloy nnowire rry on PC templte with different dissolving time. A: min B: 15 min C: 3 min b e Potentil (V vs. SCE) 15 V 1/ Potentil (V vs. SCE) Figure 4. Cyclic voltmmogrms of the Pt-Co NAE in buffer solution before (b) nd fter () dding.6 mm morphine (scn rte: 1 mv s 1 ). seen, when PC templte ws not dissolved, Pt -Co lloy nnowire rry cn not be relesed (Fig. 3A). When dissolved time ws 15 min (Fig. 3B), the Pt -Co nnowire stnds verticlly on the substrte surfce, nd the dimeter is rther uniformly distributed round (3 ± nm). As expected, these nnowires ssume the shpe nd dimensions of the pores. Furthermore, there re pprently no mcroscopic defects in the nnowire. However, when dissolved time ws too long (3 min), PC membrne ws dissolved so completely tht Pt -Co nnowire relesed from PC membrne were not verticlly oriented, nd the nnowire rry ws destroyed (Fig. 3C). Therefore, the dissolved time of 15 min ws dopted in the subsequent work. Electrochemicl properties of Pt-Co NAE. Voltmmetric experiments were used to evlute the electrochemistry of the Pt-Co NAE. Fig. 4 shows the cyclic voltmmogrms (CV) obtined with the Pt-Co NAE in unstirring. MPB (ph 6.5) solution without (b) nd with ().6 mm morphine. Only bckground current could be observed in Fig. 4 (b). In the presence of.6 mm morphine (Fig. 4 ()), the nodic pek current incresed t.543v, indicting tht Pt-Co NAE exhibits electroctlytic ctivity towrd morphine. Due to the higher bckground, the CV curves of Pt-Co NAE seem to hve wek redox peks compred with the CV curves of Prussin blue-modified indium tin oxide electrode 8 nd moleculrly imprinted polymer- Figure 5. Cyclic voltmmogrms of the Pt-Co NAE t different scn rte of : 1, b: 8, c: 5, d: 4 nd e: mv s 1 Inset: plots of oxidtion pek current versus v 1/. modified electrode. 9 Fig. 5 shows CV of the Pt-Co NAE in.m PB (ph 6.5) contining.6 mm morphine t different scn rtes. A liner reltionship between the redox pek currents nd the squre root of scn rte (v 1/ ) (see the inset of Fig. 5) indictes tht the pek current is diffusion-controlled. To discern the role of individul components nd possible synergy between Pt nd Co, four electrodes were investigted by chronomperometry with successive ddition of the sme mounts (.6 mm) of morphine in PB (ph 6.5) (Fig. 6: bre GCE; b: conventionl Pt electrode; c: Pt NWEs; d: Pt-Co NAE). Noticebly, the sensitivity of Pt-Co NAE ws the lrgest mong tht of four electrodes, indicting tht the Pt- Co lloy cn enhnce the response. The results prove tht Pt- Co lloy exhibit better ctlytic properties thn monometllic counterprts. 16 Optimiztion of mperometric detection conditions. The effect of pplied potentil on the response of Pt-Co NAE ws investigted in the presence of.6 mm morphine nd ws shown in Fig. 7 With the incresing of potentil from.46v to.88 V, the sensitivity of the electrode incresed significntly nd reched plt t.68 to.81 V. The inset of Fig. 7 showed bckground current in.m PB t ech potentil. To obtin high signl-tonoise (S/N) rtio, potentil of.7 V (vs. SCE) ws selected s the pplied potentil for mperometric mesurements.
4 Morphine Detection using Pt-Co Alloy Nnowire Arry Bull. Koren Chem. Soc. 1, Vol. 31, No d c b time (s) ph Figure 6. Dynmic responses of different electrodes (() bre GCE; (b) bre Pt; (c) Pt NAE; (d) Pt-Co NAE) for successive ddition of the sme mount (.6 mm) morphine in. M phosphte buffer solution (ph 6.5). Figure 8. Effect of ph on the response of the Pt-Co NAE potentil (V vs. SCE) Potentil (V vs. SCE) Figure 7. Effect of pplied potentil on the response of the Pt-Co NAE in. M phosphte buffer solution (ph 6.5) contining.6 mm morphine. Inset: plots of bckground current versus potentil c (mm) Figure 9. The clibrtion of Pt-Co NAE towrd morphine. The influence of the ph of the ssy solution over the rnge on the chronomperometry response of the Pt-Co NAE to morphine t fixed concentrtion of. M in PB solution ws lso investigted. Fig.8 showed tht the optimum ph ws 6.5. According to the report of Pournghi-Azr. 1 the electro-ctlyticl oxidiztion pthwy of MO t neutrl medi cn be shown s follows: MO MO + e + H + (1) MO PMO () HO CH 3 N HO O OH O HO N-CH 3 N CH 3 HO O OH + e + H + Low ph is not beneficil to the rection. Therefore, ph 6.5 ws fixed for the rest of the experiments. Morphine detection performnce. The Pt-Co NAE exhibited rpid nd sensitive response to the chnge of morphine concentrtion. This indicted the nice electroctlytic behvior of the Pt-Co NAE. The clibrtion curve for morphine ws shown in Fig. 9. The liner rnge is from to M with correltion coefficient of.987, the regression eqution ws I (µa) = C (mm), where I ws response current, nd C ws morphine concentrtion. The detection limit ws M t signl-to-noise (S/N) rtio 3. The liner rnge is wider thn the report of Ho et l. 8 nd Pournghi-Azr et l. 1 The detection limit is lower thn Yeh nd Ho s report using moleculrly imprinted polymer-modified electrode. 9 The reltive low detection limit ws due to the Pt-Co NAE. It hs been reported tht the use of microelectrode rrys insted of conventionl ones could improve the rtio of signl-to-noise (S/N) rtio nd decrese the detection limit. 18
5 197 Bull. Koren Chem. Soc. 1, Vol. 31, No. 7 Mnln To et l. Tble 1. Possible interferences tested with the Pt-Co NAE Interferents C interferences/c morphine i interferences/i morphine scorbic cid glucose cocine uric cid Tble. Determintion of morphine recovery dded concentrtion (mm) found concentrtion (mm) recovery (%) The selectivity of the sensor ws lso ssessed by determintion of four possible interferences infection for the electrode. Tble 1 showed tht only scorbic cid interferes with the determintion of morphine becuse it lso cn be oxidized t this pplied potentil. The repetbility of the response current of the Pt-Co NAE ws investigted t morphine concentrtion of.6 mm. The vrition coefficient ws 3.5% for five successive ssys. The stbility nd lifetime of the electrode were investigted by mesuring the electrode response with.6 mm of morphine every six dys. The response current of the Pt-Co NAE decresed to 87.1% fter 1 dys. It suggests tht the stbility of the electrode ws good. When not in use, the electrode ws stored dry t room temperture. A preliminry evlution of the vlidity of the proposed Pt-Co NAE ws performed in the rel serum smples. Different mount morphine were dded into serum smples nd determined with proposed Pt-Co NAE. The results were shown in Tble. The recoveries were stisfctory. This result showed the proposed method my provide fesible lterntive tool for determining morphine in humn serum. Conclusions In this pper, Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry ws synthesized by electrodeposition with polycrbonte templte nd subsequent chemicl etching of the templte. Bsed on the electrochemistry oxidtion of morphine t.7 V, the Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry- modified electrode ws used to determine morphine. The Pt-Co lloy nnowire rry improves nlyticl performnces of the corresponding electrode compred to Pt nnowire rry-modified electrode nd the conventionl Pt electrodes, specificlly. The other possible interferents such s cocine, glucose hve no significnt interference. The determintion of morphine in rel serum smples ws stisfctory. The Pt-Co NAE displyed high sensitivity, quick response to morphine, good stbility, wide liner rnge, better detection limit. The simple nd fst fbriction of the electrode mkes it superior to other techniques. Acknowledgments. This work ws supported by the Ntionl Nturl Science Foundtion of Chin (Grnts No. 8656), the Foundtion of Science Commission of Yunnn Province (No.6B8M) nd the Foundtion of Deprtment of Eduction of Yunnn Province (No.7Z187). References 1. Milne, R. W.; Ntion, R. L.; Somogyi, A. A.; Crugten J. T. B: Biomed. Appl. 1991, 565, Yeh, S. Y.; Gorodetzky, C. W. J. Phrm Sci. 1977, 66, Pötsch, L.; Skoppb, G. Forensic Sci. Int. 1996, 81, Hr, S.; Moching, S.; Fukuzw, M.; Ono, N.; Kurod, T. Anl. Chim. Act 1999, 387, Sooyeun, L.; Ros, C.; Sue, P. Forensic Sci. Int. 9, 183, Schnzle, G.; Li, S.; Mikus, G.; Hofmnn, U. B: Biomed. Appl. 1999, 71, Xu, F.; Go, M.; Wng, L.; Zhou T.; Jin, L.; Jin, J. Tlnt, 58, Ho, K. C.; Chen, C. Y.; Hsu, H. C.; Chen, L. C.; Shiesh, S. C.; Lin, X. Z. Biosens. Bioelectron. 4,, Yeh, W. M.; Ho, K. C. Anl. Chim. Act 5, 54, Pournghi-Azr, M. H.; Sdtird, A. J. Electronl. Chem. 8, 6, Yng, G. M.; Tn, L.; Shi, Y.; Wng, S. P.; Lu, X. X.; Bi, H. P.; Yng, Y. H. Bull. Koren Chem. Soc. 9, 3, Xue, F. H.; Fei, G. T.; Wu, B.; Cui, P.; Zhng, L. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 5, 17, Wen, D.; Liu, Y.; Yng, G. C.; Dong, S. J. Electrochimic Act 7, 5, M, H. X.; Yng, G. B.; Yu, L. G.; Zhng, P. Y. Surf. Cot. Technol. 8,, Luo, J.; Njoki, N.; Lin, Y.; Wng, L.; Zhong, C. Lngmuir 6,, Bi, Y.; Sun, Y. Y.; Sun, C. Q. Biosens. Bioelectron. 8, 4, Cvllotti, P. L.; Bestetti, M.; Frnz, S. Electrochim. Act 3, 48, Pugnov, E. A.; Krykin, A. A. Sens. Actutors, B: Chemicl. 5, 19, 167.
Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on the Bioelectrocatalysis of Myoglobin Incorporated in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Chitosan Composite Film
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 3 () 11-1 www.electrochemsci.org Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Bsed on the Bioelectroctlysis of Myoglobin Incorported in Multi-Wlled Crbon Nnotubes/Chitosn Composite Film Lin-Sheng
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Informtion Ultrfst nd Stble CO Cpture Using Alkli Metl Slt-Promoted MgO-CCO 3 Sorbents Hongjie Cui, Qiming Zhng, Yunwu Hu, Chong Peng, Xingchen Fng, Zhenmin Cheng, Vldimir V. Glvit nd Zhiming
More informationColorimetric detection and separation of chiral tyrosine. based on N-acetyl-L-cysteine modified gold. nanoparticles
Colorimetric detection nd seprtion of chirl tyrosine sed on N-cetyl-L-cysteine modified gold nnoprticles Hiyn Su, Qiuling Zheng nd Hiing Li* Key Lortory of Pesticide nd Chemicl Biology (CCNU), Ministry
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementry Informtion Assemling cron-coted hollow α-fe 2 nnohorns on the CNT ckone for superior lithium storge cpility Corresponding uthor: Xiong Wen (Dvid) Lou* School of Chemicl nd Biomedicl
More informationCHAPTER 08: MONOPROTIC ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA
Hrris: Quntittive Chemicl Anlysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 08: MONOPROTIC ACIDBASE EQUILIBRIA CHAPTER 08: Opener A CHAPTER 08: Opener B CHAPTER 08: Opener C CHAPTER 08: Opener D CHAPTER 08: Opener E Chpter
More informationNitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon nanosheets derived from plant biomass: An. efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for Energy & Environmentl Science. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 214 Electronic Supplementry Informtion: Nitrogen-doped nnoporous cron nnosheets derived
More informationSilicon Nanowire Based Single-Molecule SERS Sensor
Supporting informtion Silicon Nnowire Bsed Single-Molecule SERS Sensor Hui Wng, Xuemei Hn, Xuemei Ou, Chun-Sing Lee, Xiohong Zhng* nd Shuit-Tong Lee S1, A series of Si nnowires coted with compct ggregtes
More informationElectrochemical Determination of Ascorbic Acid Using Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode by Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Nafion in Chloroacetic Acid Media
Asin Journl of Chemistry; Vol. 25, No. 1 (213), 119-124 http://dx.doi.org/1.14233/jchem.213.12812 Electrochemicl Determintion of Ascorbic Acid Using Modified Glssy Crbon Electrode by Multiwll Crbon Nnotube-Nfion
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementry Informtion Lignd exchnge triggered controlled-relese trgeted drug delivery system sed on core shell superprmgnetic mesoporous microspheres cpped with nnoprticles Zhogng Teng, Xingng Zhu, Gengfeng
More informationMeasuring Electron Work Function in Metal
n experiment of the Electron topic Mesuring Electron Work Function in Metl Instructor: 梁生 Office: 7-318 Emil: shling@bjtu.edu.cn Purposes 1. To understnd the concept of electron work function in metl nd
More informationFundamentals of Analytical Chemistry
Homework Fundmentls of nlyticl hemistry hpter 9 0, 1, 5, 7, 9 cids, Bses, nd hpter 9(b) Definitions cid Releses H ions in wter (rrhenius) Proton donor (Bronsted( Lowry) Electron-pir cceptor (Lewis) hrcteristic
More informationTHERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT OF WATER FOR VOLUMETRIC CALIBRATION
XX IMEKO World Congress Metrology for Green Growth September 9,, Busn, Republic of Kore THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT OF WATER FOR OLUMETRIC CALIBRATION Nieves Medin Hed of Mss Division, CEM, Spin, mnmedin@mityc.es
More informationADVANCEMENT OF THE CLOSELY COUPLED PROBES POTENTIAL DROP TECHNIQUE FOR NDE OF SURFACE CRACKS
ADVANCEMENT OF THE CLOSELY COUPLED PROBES POTENTIAL DROP TECHNIQUE FOR NDE OF SURFACE CRACKS F. Tkeo 1 nd M. Sk 1 Hchinohe Ntionl College of Technology, Hchinohe, Jpn; Tohoku University, Sendi, Jpn Abstrct:
More informationChinese Chemical Letters
Chinese Chemicl Letters 26 (215) 1322 1326 Contents lists vilble t ScienceDirect Chinese Chemicl Letters journl homepge: www.elsevier.com/locte/cclet Originl rticle n oxygen reduction sensor bsed on novel
More informationSupporting Information. Electrochemical Valorization of Furfural to Maleic Acid
Supporting Informtion Electrochemicl Vloriztion of to Mleic Acid Stephen R. Kuot nd Kyoung-Shin Choi * Deprtment of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Mdison, Mdison, WI 53706, USA. *Correspondence to:
More informationgraphene/ferroelectric interface
Extrinsic nd intrinsic chrge trpping t the grphene/ferroelectric interfce Supporting Informtion M. Humed Yusuf, Bent Nielsen, M. Dwber nd X. Du* Deprtment of Physics nd Astronomy, Stony Brook University,
More informationInterfacial synergism of Pd-decorated BiOCl ultrathin nanosheets for selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for Journl of Mterils Chemistry A. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 2018 Interfcil synergism of Pd-decorted BiOCl ultrthin nnosheets for selective oxidtion
More informationSupporting information
Supporting informtion Polyimide nnofibers by Green electrospinning vi queous solution for filtrtion pplictions Shohu Jing, Hoqing Hou b, Seem Agrwl, Andres Greiner * Mcromoleculr Chemistry II, University
More informationUNIVERSITY OF MALTA DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. CH237 - Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Tutorial Sheet VIII
UNIVERSITY OF MALTA DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CH237 - Chemicl Thermodynmics nd Kinetics Tutoril Sheet VIII 1 () (i) The rte of the rection A + 2B 3C + D ws reported s 1.0 mol L -1 s -1. Stte the rtes of
More informationElectroanalytical Applications Based on Carbon Nanotube/Prussian Blue Screen-printable Composite
Electronlyticl Applictions Bsed on CNT/PB Electrode Bull. Koren Chem. Soc. 21, Vol. 31, No. 6 1583 DOI 1.512/bkcs.211.6.1583 Electronlyticl Applictions Bsed on Crbon Nnotube/Prussin Blue Screen-printble
More informationWhich of the following describes the net ionic reaction for the hydrolysis. Which of the following salts will produce a solution with the highest ph?
95. Which of the following descries the net ionic rection for the hydrolysis of NH4Cl( s)? A. NH4 ( q) Cl & ( q) NH4Cl( s) B. NH Cl & 4 ( s) NH4 ( q) Cl ( q) C. Cl ( q) H O & 2 ( l) HCl( q) OH ( q) D.
More informationModelling of the near infra-red radiation pulse propagation in biological tissues for medical imaging application
JOURNAL OF INTENSE PULSED LASERS AND APPLICATIONS IN ADVANCED PHYSICS Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 4-45 Modelling of the ner infr-red rdition pulse propgtion in biologicl tissues for medicl imging ppliction A. SAOULI
More informationLECTURE 14. Dr. Teresa D. Golden University of North Texas Department of Chemistry
LECTURE 14 Dr. Teres D. Golden University of North Texs Deprtment of Chemistry Quntittive Methods A. Quntittive Phse Anlysis Qulittive D phses by comprison with stndrd ptterns. Estimte of proportions of
More informationDetermination of the activation energy of silicone rubbers using different kinetic analysis methods
Determintion of the ctivtion energy of silicone rubbers using different kinetic nlysis methods OU Huibin SAHLI ohmed BAIEE Thierry nd GELIN Jen-Clude FETO-ST Institute / Applied echnics Deprtment, 2 rue
More informationFind this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site.
Find this mteril useful? You cn help our tem to keep this site up nd bring you even more content consider donting vi the link on our site. Still hving trouble understnding the mteril? Check out our Tutoring
More informationOn the Uncertainty of Sensors Based on Magnetic Effects. E. Hristoforou, E. Kayafas, A. Ktena, DM Kepaptsoglou
On the Uncertinty of Sensors Bsed on Mgnetic Effects E. ristoforou, E. Kyfs, A. Kten, DM Kepptsoglou Ntionl Technicl University of Athens, Zogrfou Cmpus, Athens 1578, Greece Tel: +3177178, Fx: +3177119,
More informationCIT and QIT with a Periodic Impulsional Potential
Adv. Studies Theor. Phys., Vol. 6, 2012, no. 6, 285-291 nd with Periodic Impulsionl Potentil S. Seddighi Chhrborj srkhosh@mth.upm.edu.my Islmic Azd University, Science nd Reserch Brnch Deprtment of Mthemtics,
More informationThe Predom module. Predom calculates and plots isothermal 1-, 2- and 3-metal predominance area diagrams. Predom accesses only compound databases.
Section 1 Section 2 The module clcultes nd plots isotherml 1-, 2- nd 3-metl predominnce re digrms. ccesses only compound dtbses. Tble of Contents Tble of Contents Opening the module Section 3 Stoichiometric
More informationExperiment 9: DETERMINATION OF WEAK ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT & PROPERTIES OF A BUFFERED SOLUTION
Experiment 9: DETERMINATION OF WEAK ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT & PROPERTIES OF A BUFFERED SOLUTION Purpose: Prt I: The cid ioniztion constnt of wek cid is to be determined, nd the cid is identified ccordingly.
More informationAnalytical & Bioanalytical Electrochemistry
Anl. Bionl. Electrochem., Vol. 3, No. 3, 211, 233-248 Anlyticl & Bionlyticl Electrochemistry Full Pper 211 by CEE www.bechem.com Three-Dimensionlly Microporous Polypyrrole Film s n Efficient Mtrix for
More informationA Signal-Level Fusion Model for Image-Based Change Detection in DARPA's Dynamic Database System
SPIE Aerosense 001 Conference on Signl Processing, Sensor Fusion, nd Trget Recognition X, April 16-0, Orlndo FL. (Minor errors in published version corrected.) A Signl-Level Fusion Model for Imge-Bsed
More informationEstimation of the particle concentration in hydraulic liquid by the in-line automatic particle counter based on the CMOS image sensor
Glyndŵr University Reserch Online Conference Presenttion Estimtion of the prticle concentrtion in hydrulic liquid by the in-line utomtic prticle counter bsed on the CMOS imge sensor Kornilin, D.V., Kudryvtsev,
More informationAQA Chemistry Paper 2
AQA hemistry Pper 2 1.1 A student is plnning n investigtion into how the concentrtion of hydrochloric cid ffects the rte of the rection with mrle chips. Wht is the independent vrile? Tick one ox. (1 mrk)
More informationMetal-Carbonyl Organometallic Polymers, PFpP, for High- Resolution Positive and Negative Electron Beam Lithography Resist
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for ChemComm. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting informtion Metl-Crbonyl Orgnometllic Polymers, PFpP, for High- Resolution Positive nd Negtive
More informationAcceptance Sampling by Attributes
Introduction Acceptnce Smpling by Attributes Acceptnce smpling is concerned with inspection nd decision mking regrding products. Three spects of smpling re importnt: o Involves rndom smpling of n entire
More informationReceived: 16 November 2014 / Accepted: 21 December 2014 / Published: 30 December 2014
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 10 (2015) 1494-1505 Interntionl Journl of ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE www.electrochemsci.org Gold Nnoprticles-Modified Screen-Printed Crbon Electrode for Voltmmetric Determintion
More informationChapter 17: Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria
1 Chpter 17: Additionl Aspects of Aqueous Equilibri Khoot! 1. Adding Br to sturted queous solution of decreses its solubility in wter. BSO 4, Li CO 3, PbS, AgBr. Which of the following mitures could be
More informationCu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s) 3 Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 PO 4 3- (aq) circle answer: pure water or Na 3 PO 4 solution This is the common-ion effect.
CHEM 1122011 NAME: ANSWER KEY Vining, Exm # SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ============= 4 points ech ============ All work must be shown. 1. Wht re [H O ] nd [OH ] for solution tht hs ph of 9.0? Choose one. ()
More informationPreliminary Design of Semi-Batch Reactor for Synthesis 1,3-Dichloro-2-Propanol Using Aspen Plus
Preliminry Design of Semi-Btch Rector for Synthesis 1,3-Dichloro-2-Propnol Using Aspen Plus Robih Yunus Herliti, A.S. Intn & Z.Z.Abidin Deprtment of Chemicl nd Environmentl Engineering, Fculty of Engineering
More informationFEM ANALYSIS OF ROGOWSKI COILS COUPLED WITH BAR CONDUCTORS
XIX IMEKO orld Congress Fundmentl nd Applied Metrology September 6 11, 2009, Lisbon, Portugl FEM ANALYSIS OF ROGOSKI COILS COUPLED ITH BAR CONDUCTORS Mirko Mrrcci, Bernrdo Tellini, Crmine Zppcost University
More informationCHEMISTRY 3.5 Paper 1. Describe the structure and reactions of organic compounds containing selected organic groups
CHEMISTRY 3.5 Pper 1 Describe the structure nd rections of orgnic compounds contining selected orgnic groups Credits: Five INSTRUCTIONS Answer ALL questions NZQA/Person Eduction 2006 - 2 - You re dvised
More informationProbabilistic Investigation of Sensitivities of Advanced Test- Analysis Model Correlation Methods
Probbilistic Investigtion of Sensitivities of Advnced Test- Anlysis Model Correltion Methods Liz Bergmn, Mtthew S. Allen, nd Dniel C. Kmmer Dept. of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-Mdison Rndll
More informationRel Gses 1. Gses (N, CO ) which don t obey gs lws or gs eqution P=RT t ll pressure nd tempertures re clled rel gses.. Rel gses obey gs lws t extremely low pressure nd high temperture. Rel gses devited
More informationDr. Steward s CHM152 Exam #2 Review Spring 2014 (Ch ) KEY
Dr. Stewrd s CHM152 Em #2 Review Spring 2014 (Ch. 16. 17) KEY 1. Eplin the commonion effect. Wek cid or wek bse s % dissocition will decrese if they re plced in solutions with one of the products of dissocition.
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementry Informtion Spontneously mplified homochirl orgnic-inorgnic nno-helix complex vi self-prolifertion Hlei Zhi, Yn Qun, Li Li, Xing-Yng Liu, Xurong Xu c nd Ruikng Tng*,c Centre for Biomterils
More informationThermal Diffusivity. Paul Hughes. Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL. Second Year Laboratory Report
Therml iffusivity Pul Hughes eprtment of Physics nd Astronomy The University of nchester nchester 3 9PL Second Yer Lbortory Report Nov 4 Abstrct We investigted the therml diffusivity of cylindricl block
More informationNew data structures to reduce data size and search time
New dt structures to reduce dt size nd serch time Tsuneo Kuwbr Deprtment of Informtion Sciences, Fculty of Science, Kngw University, Hirtsuk-shi, Jpn FIT2018 1D-1, No2, pp1-4 Copyright (c)2018 by The Institute
More informationExperiment 9: WEAK ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT & PROPERTIES OF A BUFFERED SOLUTION
Experiment 9: WEAK ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT & PROPERTIES OF A BUFFERED SOLUTION Purpose: Prt I: The cid ioniztion constnt of wek cid is to be determined, nd the cid is identified ccordingly. Prt II: The
More informationPsychrometric Applications
Psychrometric Applictions The reminder of this presenttion centers on systems involving moist ir. A condensed wter phse my lso be present in such systems. The term moist irrefers to mixture of dry ir nd
More informationDETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES WITH COMPLEX CRYSTAL LATTICE USING MOMENT INTERACTION AT MICROSCALE
Determintion RevAdvMterSci of mechnicl 0(009) -7 properties of nnostructures with complex crystl lttice using DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES WITH COMPLEX CRYSTAL LATTICE USING
More informationINVESTIGATION ON THE MODEL OF VORTEX-INDUCED
The Seventh Asi-Pcific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-1, 9, Tipei, Tiwn ABSTRACT INVESTIGATION ON THE MODEL OF VORTEX-INDUCED VIBRATIONS OF RECTANGULAR SUPER HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS Hi-Yng Wu 1
More informationExtraction of acyclovir from pharmaceutical creams for HPLC assay. Optimization and validation of pretreatment protocols
Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 6(2) 2008 140 144 DOI: 10.2478/s11532-008-0002-y Centrl Europen Journl of Chemistry Extrction of cyclovir from phrmceuticl crems for HPLC ssy. Optimiztion nd vlidtion of pretretment
More informationDetermination of Anions in Acid Rain by Ion Chromatography
Appliction Updte 16 Determintion of Anions in Acid Rin by Ion Chromtogrphy INTRODUCTION The increse in cidity of wet nd dry tmospheric depositions hs been ttributed to the increse of SO 2 nd NO 2 emissions
More informationSelective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde over Co-based. Intermetallic Compounds Derived from Layered Double Hydroxides
Supporting Informtion Selective Hydrogention of Cinnmldehyde over Co-bsed Intermetllic Compounds Derived from Lyered Double Hydroxides Yusen Yng, 1 Deming Ro, 1,2 Yudi Chen, 3 Siyun Dong, 1 Bin Wng, 4
More informationTests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates
Chpter 437 Tests for the Rtio of Two Poisson Rtes Introduction The Poisson probbility lw gives the probbility distribution of the number of events occurring in specified intervl of time or spce. The Poisson
More informationName Class Date. Match each phrase with the correct term or terms. Terms may be used more than once.
Exercises 341 Flow of Chrge (pge 681) potentil difference 1 Chrge flows when there is between the ends of conductor 2 Explin wht would hppen if Vn de Grff genertor chrged to high potentil ws connected
More information: IPREM/LCABIE, UMR VNRS Université de Pau et des Pays de l Adour (UPPA), F Pau Cedex 09 b. : CEA, DAM, DIF, F Arpajon, Cedex.
Are polytomic interferences, cross contmintion, mixing-effect, etc., ostcles for use of Lser ltion - ICP-MS coupling s n opertionl technique for urnium isotope rtio prticle nlysis? Arine DONARD,, Fien
More informationXX-th ARS SEPARATORIA Szklarska Poręba, Poland 2005
XX-th ARS SEPARATORIA Szklrsk Porę, Polnd 25 DIALYSIS OF METAL IONS THROUGH ULTRAFILTRATION POLYSULFONE MEMBRANES ENHANCED BY POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) Gryzeld POŹNIAK Wroclw University of Technology, Deprtment
More informationMODELLING OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE APPLICATION FOR STRUVITE PRECIPITATION
MDELLING F MAGNESIUM XIDE APPLIATIN FR STRUVITE PREIPITATIN J. Mzierski * nd S. Połwski ** * Polish Acdemy of Science, Institute of Environmentl Engineering, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-urie, -89 Zbrze, Polnd
More informationStrong acids and bases. Strong acids and bases. Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium & Monoprotic Acid-base Equilibrium.
Strong cids nd bses Systemtic Tretment of Equilibrium & Monoprotic cid-bse Equilibrium onc. (M) 0.0.00 -.00-5.00-8 p Strong cids nd bses onc. (M) p 0.0.0.00 -.0.00-5 5.0.00-8 8.0? We hve to consider utoprotolysis
More informationINVESTIGATION OF BURSA, ESKIKARAAGAC USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING METHOD
INVESTIGATION OF BURSA, ESKIKARAAGAC USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING METHOD Gökçen ERYILMAZ TÜRKKAN, Serdr KORKMAZ Uludg University, Civil Engineering Deprtment, Burs, Turkey geryilmz@uludg.edu.tr,
More informationPrecalculus Spring 2017
Preclculus Spring 2017 Exm 3 Summry (Section 4.1 through 5.2, nd 9.4) Section P.5 Find domins of lgebric expressions Simplify rtionl expressions Add, subtrct, multiply, & divide rtionl expressions Simplify
More informationEffects of peripheral drilling moment on delamination using special drill bits
journl of mterils processing technology 01 (008 471 476 journl homepge: www.elsevier.com/locte/jmtprotec Effects of peripherl illing moment on delmintion using specil ill bits C.C. Tso,, H. Hocheng b Deprtment
More informationCBE 291b - Computation And Optimization For Engineers
The University of Western Ontrio Fculty of Engineering Science Deprtment of Chemicl nd Biochemicl Engineering CBE 9b - Computtion And Optimiztion For Engineers Mtlb Project Introduction Prof. A. Jutn Jn
More informationElectronic Supporting Information
Electronic Supporting Informtion Bright electrochemiluminescence of iridium(iii) complexes Klen N. Swnick, Sébstien Ldouceur, b Eli Zysmn-Colmn,* b nd Zhifeng Ding* Deprtment of Chemistry, The University
More informationMorphology characterization. (a), SEM image of PS template nanospheres showing
b Supplementry Figure 1 Morphology chrcteriztion. (), SEM imge of PS templte nnospheres showing mono-dispersed sphericl shpe with pproximtely 200 nm in dimeter. The scle br is 500 nm. (b), SEM imge of
More informationVibrational Relaxation of HF (v=3) + CO
Journl of the Koren Chemicl Society 26, Vol. 6, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Kore http://dx.doi.org/.52/jkcs.26.6.6.462 Notes Vibrtionl Relxtion of HF (v3) + CO Chng Soon Lee Deprtment of Chemistry,
More information#6A&B Magnetic Field Mapping
#6A& Mgnetic Field Mpping Gol y performing this lb experiment, you will: 1. use mgnetic field mesurement technique bsed on Frdy s Lw (see the previous experiment),. study the mgnetic fields generted by
More information8.2 ESTIMATING DETENTION VOLUMES
8.. Plnning versus Design number of detention bsin plnning methods hve been proposed in the professionl literture. These provide estimtes of the reuired volume of detention storge. The outlet structure
More informationProblem 22: Buffer solutions 1. The equilibrium, which governs the concentration of H + within the solution is HCOOH! HCOO + H + + Hence K
Problem : Buffer solutions. The equilibrium, hich governs the concentrtion of H ithin the solution is HCOOH! HCOO H [HCOO ] 4 Hence. [HCOOH] nd since [HCOOH] 0.00 M nd [HCOO ] 0.50 M -4 0.00 4..8 M 0.50
More informationSome parameters of varicaps with gradient base area based on Shottky barrier
ISSN: 35-38 Vol. 4, Issue, December 7 Some prmeters of vricps with grdient bse re bsed on Shottky brrier Mmtkrimov O.O., KuchkrovB.Kh. Rector, Nmngn engineering-technology institute, Kosonsoy str.,7, Nmngn,
More information7/19/2011. Models of Solution Chemistry- III Acids and Bases
Models of Solution Chemistry- III Acids nd Bses Ionic Atmosphere Model : Revisiting Ionic Strength Ionic strength - mesure of totl concentrtion of ions in the solution Chpter 8 1 2 i μ ( ) 2 c i z c concentrtion
More informationPhysical Chemistry I for Biochemists Chem340. Lecture 38 (4/20/11) Yoshitaka Ishii. Announcement
Physicl Chemistry I for Biochemists Chem34 Lecture 38 (4//11) Yoshitk Ishii Ch. 9.7 9.1 9.1 Announcement HW1 due dte is 4/7 (Wed) Exm 3 will be returned probbly this Fridy Finl Exm 5/4 (Wed) 1 3 pm Quiz
More informationMinimum Energy State of Plasmas with an Internal Transport Barrier
Minimum Energy Stte of Plsms with n Internl Trnsport Brrier T. Tmno ), I. Ktnum ), Y. Skmoto ) ) Formerly, Plsm Reserch Center, University of Tsukub, Tsukub, Ibrki, Jpn ) Plsm Reserch Center, University
More information9-1 (a) A weak electrolyte only partially ionizes when dissolved in water. NaHCO 3 is an
Chpter 9 9- ( A ek electrolyte only prtilly ionizes hen dissolved in ter. NC is n exmple of ek electrolyte. (b A Brønsted-ory cid is cule tht dontes proton hen it encounters bse (proton cceptor. By this
More informationUnderstanding the relationship between floral fragrance, ethylene production and vase life of cut rose flowers
Ethylene, Frgrnce nd Vse Life of Cut Rose Flowers 9/27/216 Progress Report Understnding the reltionship between florl frgrnce, ethylene production nd vse life of cut rose flowers An Mri Bord Dvid Clrk
More informationSUMMER KNOWHOW STUDY AND LEARNING CENTRE
SUMMER KNOWHOW STUDY AND LEARNING CENTRE Indices & Logrithms 2 Contents Indices.2 Frctionl Indices.4 Logrithms 6 Exponentil equtions. Simplifying Surds 13 Opertions on Surds..16 Scientific Nottion..18
More informationCONTRIBUTION TO THE EXTENDED DYNAMIC PLANE SOURCE METHOD
CONTRIBUTION TO THE EXTENDED DYNAMIC PLANE SOURCE METHOD Svetozár Mlinrič Deprtment of Physics, Fculty of Nturl Sciences, Constntine the Philosopher University, Tr. A. Hlinku, SK-949 74 Nitr, Slovki Emil:
More informationStructural Effect of Thioureas on the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants
Structurl Effect of Thioures on the Detection of Chemicl Wrfre Agent Simulnts Seonggyun H, Minhe Lee, Hyun Ook Seo, b Sun Gu Song, Kyung-su Kim, Chn Heum Prk, Il Hee Kim, Young Dok Kim nd Chngsik Song*
More informationpolyimide Spray-coated ZrP/epoxy film Spray-coated ZrP/epoxy film glass
c d e polyimide Spry-coted ZrP/epoxy film glss Spry-coted ZrP/epoxy film f g Supplementry Figure 1. Opticl microscopy of smectic ( = 0.044) α-zrp/epoxy films., Trnsmission opticl microscopy (TOM) of smectic
More informationHydronium or hydroxide ions can also be produced by a reaction of certain substances with water:
Chpter 14 1 ACIDS/BASES Acids hve tste, rect with most metls to produce, rect with most crbontes to produce, turn litmus nd phenolphthlein. Bses hve tste rect very well well with most metls or crbontes,
More informationThe heat budget of the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect
The het budget of the tmosphere nd the greenhouse effect 1. Solr rdition 1.1 Solr constnt The rdition coming from the sun is clled solr rdition (shortwve rdition). Most of the solr rdition is visible light
More informationThe Thermodynamics of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
18 The Thermodynmics of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions As discussed in Chpter 10, when slt is dissolved in wter or in other pproprite solvent, the molecules dissocite into ions. In queous solutions, strong
More information1 Which of the following summarises the change in wave characteristics on going from infra-red to ultraviolet in the electromagnetic spectrum?
Which of the following summrises the chnge in wve chrcteristics on going from infr-red to ultrviolet in the electromgnetic spectrum? frequency speed (in vcuum) decreses decreses decreses remins constnt
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information D Nanoporous Ag@BSA Composite Microspheres As Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Quanwen Liu a, *, Ting Zhang b, Lili Yu c, Nengqin Jia c, Da-Peng Yang d * a School of Chemistry and Materials
More informationTemperature influence compensation in microbolometer detector for image quality enhancement
.26/qirt.26.68 Temperture influence compenstion in microolometer detector for imge qulity enhncement More info out this rticle: http://www.ndt.net/?id=2647 Astrct y M. Krupiński*, T. Sosnowski*, H. Mdur*
More information3.2.2 Kinetics. Maxwell Boltzmann distribution. 128 minutes. 128 marks. Page 1 of 12
3.. Kinetics Mxwell Boltzmnn distribution 8 minutes 8 mrks Pge of M. () M On the energy xis E mp t the mximum of the originl pek M The limits for the horizontl position of E mp re defined s bove the word
More informationMotion of Electrons in Electric and Magnetic Fields & Measurement of the Charge to Mass Ratio of Electrons
n eperiment of the Electron topic Motion of Electrons in Electric nd Mgnetic Fields & Mesurement of the Chrge to Mss Rtio of Electrons Instructor: 梁生 Office: 7-318 Emil: shling@bjtu.edu.cn Purposes 1.
More informationBong Rae Cho and Sang Yong Pyun,*
1030 Bull. Koren Chem. Soc. 2013, Vol. 34, No. 4 Bong Re Cho nd Sng Yong Pyun http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.4.1030 Elimintions from (E)-2,4-Dinitrobenzldehyde O-Aryloximes Promoted by R 3 N/R
More informationINSTRUMENTS USED FOR MEASURINNG THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ONE KILOGRAM MASS STANDARD IN CENTER FOR MEASUREMENT STANDARDS (CMS)
INSTRUMENTS USED OR MEASURINNG THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES O ONE KILOGRAM MASS STANDARD IN CENTER OR MEASUREMENT STANDARDS (CMS) Sheu-shi Pn, H. C. Lu nd C. S. Chng Center for Mesurement Stndrds, Industril
More informationFe = Fe + e MnO + 8H + 5e = Mn
Redox Titrtions Net trnsfer of electrons during the rection. xidtion numbers of two/more species chnge. Stisfies requirements for rections in quntittion;. lrge K b. fst rection Blncing redox rections:
More informationResearch on the Quality Competence in Manufacturing Industry
Reserch on the Qulity Competence in Mnufcturing Industry Xioping M, Zhijun Hn Economics nd Mngement School Nnjing University of Science nd Technology Nnjing 210094, Chin Tel: 86-25-8431-5400 E-mil: hnzhij4531@sin.com
More informationPractical exercise 7. Surge tank
Prcticl exercise 7. Surge tnk Introduction Surge tnk is used t hydro power plnts for reduction of wter hmmer tht occurs t closing of the turbine inlet vlve. In this exercise we will mesure mss osciltions
More informationPreparation and visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi 2 O 3 /CaO photocatalysts
Rec Kinet Mech Ct (2010) 99:235 241 DOI 10.1007/s11144-009-0130-1 Preprtion nd visible light photoctlytic ctivity of Bi 2 O 3 /CO photoctlysts Limin Song Shujun Zhng Received: 2 June 2009 / Accepted: 20
More informationShear Degradation and Possible viscoelastic properties of High Molecular Weight Oil Drag Reducer Polymers
ANNUAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORDIC RHEOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL. 3, 2005 Sher Degrdtion nd Possible viscoelstic properties of High Moleculr Weight Oil Drg Reducer Polymers A.A. Hmoud, C. Elissen, C. Idsøe nd T.
More informationpivot F 2 F 3 F 1 AP Physics 1 Practice Exam #3 (2/11/16)
AP Physics 1 Prctice Exm #3 (/11/16) Directions: Ech questions or incomplete sttements below is followed by four suggested nswers or completions. Select one tht is best in ech cse nd n enter pproprite
More informationCoalescence of Ag 2 S and Au Nanocrystals at Room Temperature
Electronic Supporting Informtion Colescence of Ag 2 S nd Au Nnocrystls t Room Temperture Jingln Qu, Hui Liu, Yifeng Wei, Xiofeng Wu, Renling Yue, Yunf Chen* nd Jun Yng*, Institute of Process Engineering,
More informationApplication of Exp-Function Method to. a Huxley Equation with Variable Coefficient *
Interntionl Mthemticl Forum, 4, 9, no., 7-3 Appliction of Exp-Function Method to Huxley Eqution with Vrible Coefficient * Li Yo, Lin Wng nd Xin-Wei Zhou. Deprtment of Mthemtics, Kunming College Kunming,Yunnn,
More informationOperations with Polynomials
38 Chpter P Prerequisites P.4 Opertions with Polynomils Wht you should lern: How to identify the leding coefficients nd degrees of polynomils How to dd nd subtrct polynomils How to multiply polynomils
More informationStudent Activity 3: Single Factor ANOVA
MATH 40 Student Activity 3: Single Fctor ANOVA Some Bsic Concepts In designed experiment, two or more tretments, or combintions of tretments, is pplied to experimentl units The number of tretments, whether
More information