Controlled Si-Drift Detectors

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Controlled Si-Drift Detectors"

Gilbert Bridges
5 years ago
Views:

1 Controlled Si-Drift Detectors A.Castoldi Politecnico di Milano and INFN sez. Milano Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY MPI Halbleiterlabor, Munich -potential [V] Collaborations: SincrotroneTrieste ELETTRA University College London drift coordinate[ µ m] lateral coordinate [ µ m] 700 Int l Symposium on Detector Development, April 3-6, 2006, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, USA

Position-sensing with classical Silicon Drift Detectors ALICE NA45/WA48 256 anodes drift 360 anodes drift Dr=44 µm Df=2.

2cm radius) Wafer: 5, (NTD) silicon, 3 kω cm resistivity, 300 µm thickness Active area: 7.02 7.

2 Position-sensing with classical Silicon Drift Detectors ALICE NA45/WA anodes drift 360 anodes drift Dr=44 µm Df=2.6 mrad Dx, Dy» 30 µm 256 anodes Wafer: 4 silicon, 300 µm thickness Active area: 55 cm 2 (4.2cm radius) Wafer: 5, (NTD) silicon, 3 kω cm resistivity, 300 µm thickness Active area: cm 2 ~5 Mpixel with ~500 output channels! but START TRIGGER NEEDED! no imaging of random sources (x/g/ )! FREE LATERAL BROADENING! doping inhomogeneities limited spectroscopic performance reduction of the event rate

3 Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN The Controlled Drift Detector* (CDD) A.Castoldi, C.Guazzoni, IEEE TED, 46, 2 (1999) A.Castoldi, E.Gatti, C.Guazzoni, A.Longoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, NIM A439 (2000) (*) INFN-MPI Patents: US 6,249,033 EP anodes N-side P-side Novel features - potential minimum near top surface - suppressed lateral broadening - control of drift field: integrate-readout mode - integrated front-end JFET: high energy/position resol. Q T d P-side channels - fast timing signal from back electrodes y x z electron packets are drifted at high speed ( cm/µs) towards point-like anodes (<100 ff) - deposited energy is obtained from the electron charge (Q) - interaction position along the drift is obtained from the drift time (T d ) - interaction position along 2nd coordinate is obtained by anode segmentation fast readout, position sensing/reduced no. of channels and spectroscopy of radiation

4 Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN CDD working principle: z=12 µm Integration phase: Signal electrons are collected in suitably engineered potential wells 65 -potential [V] Readout phase: A uniform drift field transports the electrons to the readout anodes in few µs drift coordinate[ µ m] lateral coordinate [ µ m] -potential [V] T drift =1-2 ms/cm Operating modes: integrate-readout mode free-running mode (self-trig,xfel) drift coordinate [ µ m] lateral coordinate [ µ m] 700

Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN Controlled-Drift Detector - Layout and photo A.Castoldi, A.Galimberti, C.Guazzoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, NIM A512, October 2003 0.

5 Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN Controlled-Drift Detector - Layout and photo A.Castoldi, A.Galimberti, C.Guazzoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, NIM A512, October cm 2 active area - pixel 120µm/180µm Detail of anode region with integrated front-end JFETs Back side 8 strips (900µm) 180 mm 180 mm pixel Active area pixels (180µm side) 6.1 mm drift length Read-out 30 channels on-chip JFET Mounted 6x6 mm 2 prototype High energy implantation (20 MeV) instead of grown epitaxy drift channel is located at about 7 µm from the implanted surface Designed, layouted and tested at Politecnico di Milano-INFN, Italy Produced at the Halbleiterlabor of the Max Planck Institut, Munich (D)

6 1-D imaging and spectroscopy of a Fe khz 4000 t = 55 ns ns A.Castoldi, C.Guazzoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, et al, Trans. Nucl. Sci. 49 (3) June 2002 FWHM = 11 ns FWHM = 11 ns integration readout counts µs 1µs Frame frequency=100 khz Pixel 180µm x 180µm ENERGY Energy [ev] [ev] ev µs (28.6 el. r.m.s.) ev FHWM (29.6 el. rms) 198 ev 0.5 µs (18.7 el. r.m.s.) time [µs] DRIFT TIME [µs] X Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN 0E+0 5E+3 1E+4 counts

7 Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN Energy resolution vs. frame frequency A.Castoldi, C.Guazzoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, IEEE TNS 48 (4), August 2001 frame frequency = 10kHz 55 Fe radioactive source E drift = 300V/cm V = 2V T = 300K 837 ev FWHM frame frequency = 30kHz frame frequency = 80kHz 339 ev FWHM Mn-Kβ Mn-Kα 290 ev FWHM

8 Electronic collimation A.Castoldi, G.Cattaneo, A.Galimberti, C.Guazzoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, IEEE TNS 49 (3), June 2002 good event Fe radioactive source T = 300 K τ sh = 250 ns Mn Kα Mn Kβ f frame = 100kHz E drift = 300V/cm V = 2V T = 300K all data charge sharing events rejected (charge sharing events) + (first and last pixel) rejected n-1 n n+1 counts 100 Si escape Mn Kα + Mn Kα Mn Kα + Mn Kβ energy [kev] Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN

.. pixel 120mm, 10 5 frame/s, 15 kev x-rays, T=300K Sincrotrone Trieste SYRMEP beam line * no animal was killed or suffered for this

9 Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN 2-D spectroscopic imaging of X-rays with CDDs Exp. CODERA (2003) - INFN - Sezione di Milano - Gruppo V A.Castoldi, G. Cattaneo, A.Galimberti, C.Guazzoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, IEEE TNS 49, 3 (2002) A.Castoldi, A.Galimberti, C.Guazzoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, NIM A512 (2003) Radiographic image of a lizard*... pixel 120mm, 10 5 frame/s, 15 kev x-rays, T=300K Sincrotrone Trieste SYRMEP beam line * no animal was killed or suffered for this measurement 270 ev 300K and spectroscopic analysis of each pixel Energy [kev]

IEEE, 16-22 Ottobre 2004, Roma, Italia. pixel 120mm, 28 kev x-rays (0.

10 2D/3D tomographic imaging at 100 khz frame rate A. Castoldi, A. Galimberti, C. Guazzoni, L.Strüder, "New Silicon Drift Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation Applications", Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2004 IEEE, Ottobre 2004, Roma, Italia. pixel 120mm, 28 kev x-rays (0.44 Å), 10 5 frame/s, T=300K Sincrotrone Trieste SYRMEP beam line 2D projections of a tooth section of 1.7 mm 3D reconstruction Digital radiography of a wisdom tooth Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN Exp. CODERA INFN/V- Sez. Milano

2D Elemental mapping by K-edge subtraction imaging K-edge subtraction imaging (dual energy technique) 24

7 kev-24 kev) DE (In)=(29.1 kev-26.7 kev) The distribution of a known element (i.e. silver) in the sample

silver, and looking at the image difference.

position resolution from a single image acquisition (i.e. multiple-energy technique) Ag distribution In distribution 2D elemental mapping (Ag, In) Exp.

11 2D Elemental mapping by K-edge subtraction imaging K-edge subtraction imaging (dual energy technique) 24 kev 26.7 kev Multi-element sample (Ag, In, etc.) 5 mm T Ag In 29.1keV 22 Energy [kev] 30 DE (Ag) = (26.7 kev-24 kev) DE (In)=(29.1 kev-26.7 kev) The distribution of a known element (i.e. silver) in the sample is obtained by imaging the sample in two X- ray windows, one below and the other above the K- edge of silver, and looking at the image difference. The spectroscopic capability of the CDD allows mapping of principal elements in the sample with ~100µm position resolution from a single image acquisition (i.e. multiple-energy technique) Ag distribution In distribution 2D elemental mapping (Ag, In) Exp. CODERA - Gr. V - INFN Sez. Milano A.Castoldi, A.Galimberti, C.Guazzoni, P.Rehak, L.Strüder, R.Menk, NIM. A510 (2003) pixel 120x120µm

$Diffraction Enhanced Breast Imaging (DEBI) Scattered intensity vs.$ sample voxel transmitted photons fat scattered photons meat (carcinoma) collimator E χ=sin(θ/2)/λ Exp.

sample voxel transmitted photons fat scattered photons meat (carcinoma) collimator E χ=sin(θ/2)/λ Exp.

12 Diffraction Enhanced Breast Imaging (DEBI) Scattered intensity vs. momentum transfer -> LAXS signature for tissue/material analysis biological tissue (pork) x-ray beam (laminar) sample voxel transmitted photons fat scattered photons meat (carcinoma) collimator E χ=sin(θ/2)/λ Exp. set-up at fixed angle (9 ) mechanical collimator Ø0.5mm CDD E=18 kev 1.1 nm -1 E=26 kev 1.7 nm -1 q=9 CDD sample x-rays.royle, Speller (1999) Sincrotrone Trieste (SYRMEP) c = sin(q/2)/l

$transmission images: (pixel 120um) diffraction images: (pixel$ 500um) 2 4 6 8 contrast=27% 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 1 2 3 contrast=48% 0.

13 0.12 0.11 0.1 20 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.65 8 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.

026 E=26 kev 2 4 1.55 1 2 0.024 6 8 10 1.5 3 4 0.

13 Experimental results on tissue: contrast and specificity transmission images: (pixel 120um) diffraction images: (pixel 500um) contrast=27% contrast=48% E=18 kev c E 6 mm mm 0.08 x 10-4 contrast=12% 1.6 contrast=32% E=26 kev c E

14 Time-resolved X-ray imaging of repetitive processes Experimental setup: CDD operated at 100 khz drift field 400 V/cm, T=300 K loudspeaker Controlled Drift Detector Input signal: 219 Hz sine wave Mask displacement: 2.3 mm p-p X-ray source (Mo anode) X-rays pinholes Ø 50 µm Acquired time-sliced X-ray images (integrate-readout, 100kHz) 20 µs time slice 1 µs resolution in free-running mode pump-and-probe techniques

15 Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN Compton electron tracking A. Castoldi, A. Galimberti, C. Guazzoni, P.Rehak, R-Hartmann, L.Strüder, A. H. Walenta, Multi-linear Drift Detectors for X-ray and Comtpon Imaging", 10 European Symposium on Semiconductor Detectors, Wildbad-Kreuth, June (NIM) t 0 E 0 Electron tracking of the first Compton scatter can significantly increase sensitivity of Compton telescopes: Approximate determination of de/dx from experimental data: T e =E 0 -E 1 - direction of recoil electron E 1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q8 Q7 - data fitting: recoil electron energy, deposited energy, escape energy - analysis of back signals may provide Depth-Of-Interaction information Silicon CDD scatter detector

16 Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN T electron =405.1 kev s=0.118 kev/µm rms Electron tracks Na-22 source, T=300K Z-exit internal absorption T electron =959.8 kev s=0.028 kev/µm rms E out = 758 kev

project#2: Compton scatter detector) COMPTON (2004-2006) - INFN - Sezione di Milano - Gruppo V Pixel

17 Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN HV region 2D imager based on 3 1 cm 2 CDDs (project#1: x-ray imaging, project#2: Compton scatter detector) COMPTON ( ) - INFN - Sezione di Milano - Gruppo V Pixel size (120µm) and readout section 240 x 84 pixels P-side: 15 strips (pitch 780µm) width 28.8 mm drift length 10.2 mm Scientific collaboration with MPI Munich for technology develop./detector production (2005)

18 Preliminary tests with Am-241 (march 06) FWHM = 7.5 ns T=300K Edrift =400 V/cm Tdrift =2.3 µs 67 kframes/s tsh=0.1 µs t = 29 ns 30 Energy [kev] cts Energy [kev] kev kev kev 30 Pixel 530 ev fwhm (59 el.rms) 13.9 kev Pixel Andrea.Castoldi, PoliMI & INFN E+3 cts

Review of Semiconductor Drift Detectors

Pavia October 25, 2004 Review of Semiconductor Drift Detectors Talk given by Pavel Rehak following a presentation on 5 th Hiroshima Symposium of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors Outline of the Review Principles