by BROWN, C.E. TAYLOR, B. CHOLEVAl and N.D. ROMANENKO2

Transcription

1 Nematol. medito (1990), 18: Scottish Crop Research Institute - Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K. Faculty 01 Biology, University 01 Solia - Sofia, Bulgarial Laboratory 01 PlanI Nematology - G.E.L.A.N. Moscow , U.S.S.R.2 THE OCCURRENCE OF LONGIDORIDAE (NEMA TODA:DORYLAIMIDA) IN WESTERN USSR WITH FURTHER COMMENTS ON LONGIDORID NEMA TODES IN EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN D.I.F. by BROWN, C.E. TAYLOR, B. CHOLEVAl and N.D. ROMANENKO2 Summary. In ormation on the occurrence and distribution o longidorid nematodes and their association with nepoviruses in western USSR is compiled as an annotated list rom the published literature and urther comments, including re erence to recently described species, afe made o longidorids in Europe and the Mediterranean basino When reporting the occurrence and distribution of longidorid nematodes in Europe and the Mediterranean basin, Brown and Taylor (1987) excluded the USSR because of paucity of data. Some records of Longodoridae in the USSR afe those of Micoletzky (1923, 1927) who identified Longidorus elongatus (subsequently synonymised with L. caespiticola by Sturhan (1963a), and Xiphinema diversicaudatum from alluvium associated with tributaries of the.river Volga. Other early records afe those of Tulaganov (1937, 1938, 1949) who originally described Paralongidorus georgiensis and X. pachtaicum from southern USSR, Kiryanova (1951) who described P. nudus, aiso from southern USSR, and Merzkeevskaya (1951, 1953) who described L. tardicauda from centrai USSR. Kiryanova and Krall (1969, 1971) cite a total of nearly 3000 nematological papers published in the USSR up to Skarbilovich (1978) cites 4966 references in a comprehensive bibliography of Russian literature on nematodes published between 1874 and Several references to Longidoridae afe given in these three yublications which together with others in HelminthologicaI Abstracts and English Translations of Selected Taxonomic Papers in Nematology, Volume 5 (Brown, Fortuner and Creamer, 1989) have provided the main sources far the compilation of this annotated list of longidorid nematodes occurring in the western part of the USSR (Fig. 1). AIso, Romanenko (1973, 1985) surveyed fruit plantations, vineyards, arable crops and some forests throughout the European part of the USSR, regions of north Caucasus, middle Asia, west Siberia, Kolski peninsula and Kamchatka during and identified the occurrence of 15 species of Longi- doridae. None was found in the regions above 60 latitude in the European region and in the Kamchatka. In compiling this annotated list of longidorid species from these sources it has been assumed that the published reports are of correctly identified species. Some misidentification are, however, likely especia1ly of early records of what are now regarded as species complexes i.e. X. americanum-group. Severa! new species of Longidoridae bave been described from Europe since the publication of Brown and Taylor (1987) and these are listed bere, together with further comments on some of the species previously cited. USSR The distribution of Longidoridae in the USSR reflects, even more than in Europe, the distribution of nematologists with a particular interest in these nematodes. Most of the relatively few records are tram cultivated crops which probably indicates that in the USSR, as in other developed countries, man has been responsable far the dissemination of severa! of the commonly occurring and widely distributed species e.g. X. americanum, X. diversicaudatum, X. index, L. elongatus. However, where natural, undisturbed biotopes bave been sampled, new species bave been discovered e.g. X. aceri, X. artemisiae, L. arenosus and Romanenko (unpublished results) has recently identified a further five previously undescribed species belonging to the Longidoridae tram various locations in the Western USSR. 199

2 Xiphinema X. aceri Chizhov, Tiev et Turkina, 1986 was described tram specimens obtained tram the rhizosphere of Acer campestris growing in a broad-leaf forest near the river Agadan in the northern Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkarya. The species is most closely related to X. neovuittenezi and X. pyrenaicum. X. americanum Cobb, 1913 has been recorded in severa! localities including Kazakhstan, Moldavia, Moscow, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan but doubt is attached to some of the identifications which should perhaps be referred to X. pachtaicum or other species in the X. americanum-group (Lamberti and Bleve Zacheo, 1979; Romanenko, 1985). However, in the Moscow area tornato ringspot virus, transmitted by X. americanum sensu lato (possibly X. brevicolle or X. pachtaicum) was found to be causing damage in a raspberry plantation (P.D. Waister in litt.). The report by Koev et al. (1970) that X. americanum was transmitting leaf crinkle to black currant is now considered to be incorrect (Romanenko, unpublished results). Boldyrev and Bozykh (1983) transmitted raspberry leaf curi (tomato ringspot nepovirus) to raspberry with nematodes identified as X. americanum but Milkus and Kudinskaya (1980) failed to transmit the virus with nematodes they identified as X. americanum. Thus, whilst present evidence suggests that many of the records of X. americanum from the USSR should be attributed to other species (X. brevicolle, X. pachtaicum, X. paramonovi, X. rivesi), the occurrence and spread of tornato ringspot nepovirus in fruit plantations in severallocalities is indicative of the presence of virus-vector species in the X. americanum-group viz. X. americanum sensu stricto, X. californicum and X. rivesi. X. artemisiae Chizhov, Tiev et Turkina, 1986 was described tram specimens obtained tram the rhizosphere of Artemisia campestris in a pasture in the upper reaches of the river Chevek, northern Caucasus. It most closely resembles X. diversicaudatum, X. ingens, X. phoenicis and X. vuittenezi. X. attorodorum Luc, 1961 has been reported only from Kuybyshev, Armenia and Krym, on wild strawberry and cherry, respectively (Romanenko, 1985). It is a tropical species and has not been recorded from Europe (Brown and Taylor, 1987). X. brasiliense Lordello, 1951 was recorded as X. itanhaense Carvalho, 1962 rom the rhizosphere of citrus crops in Abkhazskaya, Georgia (Tskitishvili, 1983) which is the only record o the occurrence of this species in the USSR. X. brevicolle Lordello et Da Costa, 1961 has been recorded in association with deciduous fruit crops, berry crops, vineyards and other plants in the western USSR and western Siberia (Romanenko, 1973, 1985) and from black currant in the Voronezh region, Tajikistan (Kankina and Metlitskava, 1983). X. diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) Thorne, 1939 was irst described rom specimens obtained rom alluvium associated with tributaries o the river Volga, Byelorussia. It has also been recorded rom vineyards in Moldavia (Polinskovskii, 1979; Stegarescu, 1966, 1972), rom raspberry in the Voronezh region (Kankina and Metlitskaya, 1983; Milkus, 1974; Milkus etal., 1975), rom wild strawberry in the Voronezh region and Krasnodarskiy Kray (Romanenko, 1985) and rom black currant and raspberry in Poltasa, and near Moscow. Populations o this species at several sites bave been record ed' in association with arabis mosaic and strawberry latent ringspot nepoviruses (Romanenko, unpublished results). X. incognitum Lamberti et Bleve Zacheo, 1979 has been identified from the rhizosphere of raspberry (Metlitskaya, 1983). X. index Thorne et Allen, 1950 has been recorded many times from vineyards in Moldavia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Polinkovskii (1980) found it in 14 of 21 districts when sampling vineyards in Moldavia and it has been demonstrated as a vector of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus, including the yellow mosaic variant, in vineyards. In a survey of fruit plantations at the Varzob Mountain Botanica! Station, Tajikistan, X. index was recorded as damaging black currant (Kankina and Metlitskaya, 1983). It has also been found in vineyards in the Caucasus (Romanenko, unpublished results). X. italiae Meyl, 1953 has been recorded from vineyards in Moldavia (Polinkovskii, 1979) and from wild raspberry in Moscow province (Romanenko, 1985). X. pachtaicum (Tulganov, 1938) Kiryanova, 1951 was originally described from specimens from southern USSR. It has subsequently been found to be widespread throughout most southern European countries. In the USSR it has been recorded from fruit orchards in Kabardino-Ba!karya (Tiev, 1981, 1983), from vineyards in Uzbekistan (Romanenko, 1985) and Moldavia (Polinkovskii, 1979), from wild strawberries and lucerne in Krym, from apple and peach in the Ukraine (Romanenko, 1985) and from raspberry and otherplants in western USSR (Romanenko, unpublished results). X. paramonovi Romanenko, 1981 was first recorded as X. paramericanum from the rhizosphere of arpie and pear trees in the UzIovaya district, Tula Province (Romanenko, 1973). Subsequently it has been found at the lnstitute of ZooIogy Academy of Sciences, Moldavia in experimental piots of raspberries, black currants and wiid strawberries. After re-examination of specimens Romanenko (1981) concluded that although there were similarities to X. ame- 200

3 ARCTIC OCEAN ""'" ~-.;~~ "'r' -- o.qio!. BYEL, LITHUANIA~ LATVIA J MOLDA VIA UKRAINE.MOSCOW USSR GEORGIA - ~ KAZAKHSTAN o 500 ~ KIRGIZIA miles T r\jikist A-N~l_~~ Fig. The republics cf western USSR

4 ricanum and other closely related species, especially X. brevicolle, the specimenshould be recognised as a new species. X. rivesi Dalmasso, 1969 has been recorded from wild strawberries in Kaluzhskaya (Romanenko, 1985). X. turcicum Luc et Dalmasso, 1963 has been recorded with other Xiphinema species from vineyards in severallocalities in Moldavia (Polinskovskii, 1979; Stegarescu, 1967, 1972). X. vuittenezi Luc, Lima, Weischer et Flegg, 1964 appears to be widespread in vineyards in Moldavia and the Ukraine (Kozhokaru and Korolchuk, 1976; Milkus, 1974; Milkus eta!., 1975; Polinskovskii, 1979; Stegarescu, 1972) and has been found in fruit orchards in Kabardino- Balkarya (Tiev, 1983) and the Ukraine (Romanenko, 1985). Longidorus L. africanus Merny, 1966 has been recorded tram woodland at altitudes of 1500 to 2200 m in centrai Tajikistan (Ivanova, 1972; Ivanova and Kankina, 1972; Kankina and Ivanova, 1986). L. arenosus Kankina et Ivanova, 1986 was described tram specimens obtained tram the rhizosphere of Calligonum microcarpum growing with Populus prunosa and Haloxylon persicum in an undisturbed biotope at Karadum, Tajikistan. The species is morphologically similar to L. attenuatus, L. cohni, L. proximus and L. vineacola. L. attenuatus Hooper, 1961 has been recorded tram the rhizosphere of black currant in the Voronezh region (Kankina and Mitlitskaya, 1983) and Tambov province (Romanenko, 1985) and tram wild strawberry, raspberry and Canadian maple in Tula province and Mordovskaya (Romanenko, 1973, 1985). L. caespiticola Hooper, 1961 was first recorded by Micoletzky (1927) as L. elongatus tram aliuvium associated with tributaries of the river Volga but Sturhan (1963a) subsequently identified the specimens as L. caespiticola. It has aiso been recorded tram Byelorussia (Merzkeevskaya, 1951, 1953) and tram the rhizosphere of arpie (Prikhodko, 1988). L. distinctus Lamberti, Choleva et Agostinelli, 1983 has been recorded tram the rhizosphere of raspberry (Romanenko, unpublished results). L. elongatus (de Man, 1976) Thorne et Swanger, 1936 is regarded by Romanenko (1973, 1985) as the most widespread longidorid species in the USSR. Large populations bave been recorded on sugar beet in the Sumii region (Sigareva and Filenko, 1983) and at the Ivanovskaya Ex- perimental Station (Degtyarev et al., 1985). It has also been recorded from Kabardino-Balkaskaya (Tiev, 1981), from fruit orchards in Moldavia (Polinkovskii, 1979), vineyardsin the Ukraine (Milkus et al., 1975), flood plains in the Moscow area (Kiryanova, 1959; Romanenko, 1971; Teploukhova, 1974; Orekhova, 1985) and from Estonia (Krall, 1965), Latvia (Eglitis et al., 1962), Tajikistan (Ivanova, 1972) and Uzbekistan (Kiryanova, 1951). L. leptocephalus Hooper, 1961 has been recovered from the rhizosphere of arpie (Prikhodko, 1988). L. lutosus Heyns, 1965 was identified by Romanenko (1976) from specimens from fruit crops in Moldavia but subsequently these specimens were described as Paralongidorus maximus (Romanenko, 1985). L. macrosoma Hooper, 1961 has been recovered from grapevine in Tajikistan and from raspberry and wild strawberry in Voronezh region (Romanenko, 1985). L. martini Merny, 1966 was recoveréd from brown carbonate soils at an altitude of 1500 to 2200 m in Tajikistan (Kankina and Ivanova, 1986). L. olegi Kankina et Metlitskaya, 1983 was first identified from specimens recovered from the rhizosphere of berry bushes at the Varzob Mountain Botanica! Station, Kondar district, Tajikistan and subsequently described from specimens from raspberry cv. Newbury growing at the Rossoshanski Berry-Fruit Experimental Station, Voronezh region. The species is morphologically similar to L. macrosoma, L. goodeyi and L. apulus. L. profundornm Hooper, 1966 has been recovered from soiis associated with apples (Prikhodko, 1988). L. sylphus Thorne, 1939 has been recorded from a vineyard in Moldavia (Polinkovskii, 1979). Merzheevskaya (1953) described L. striata from Byelorussia but Lamberti (1975) subsequently synonymised it with L. sylphus. L. tardicauda Merzheevskaya, 1951 is widespread in centra! T ajikistan where it has been found in association with raspberry crops at the Varzob Mountain Botanica! Station, Kondar district (Ivanova, 1972; Ivanova and Kankina, 1972; Kankina and Metlitskaya, 1983). L. vineaco/a Sturhan et Weischer, 1964 has been recorded parasitising peppermint and fiax in Moldavia (Lisetskaya, 1968; Polinkovskii, 1979). Paralongidorus P. georgiensis Tulganov, 1937 was described tram female specimens found in the rhizosphere of tomato at the Neurne Collective Farm in thepotii region, Abkhazia. 202

5 P. nudus Kiryanova, 1951 was described from specimens collected in Uzbekistan which is the only record of its occurrence. P. maximus Buetschli, 1874 was recovered from the rhizosphere of grain crops in Kazakhstan. It was originally identified as L. lutosus (Romanenko, 1976) in Moldavia, where it was found in association with raspberry (Romanenko. 1985). Europe The following are new species described since those reported by Brown and Taylor (1987) together with further comments on some of the species previously recorded. Xiphinema X. aequum Roca et Lamberti, 1988 was described from specimens collected from the rhizosphere of Olea europaea trees al Palagiano, Taranto, Italy which is the only report of its occurrence. X. diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) Thorne, 1939 was reported by Franz (1942) from Austria (from the Admont region, centrai Austria and not the Vorarlberg region, western Austria, as reported by Brown and Taylor, 1987). However, Sturhan (1963b) considered the species identification as of doubtful validity. Furthermore, Klinger et al. (1990) consider this species to be absent from eastern Switzerland, southern Germany and probably also from the Vorarlberg region of Austria. In Switzerland this species seems to be associated with soils rich in silicates derived from deposits in the centrai and western Alps (Klinger et al., 1990). X. diversicaudatum is rarely recovered from vineyards in northern Switzerland but has been identified as the vector of arabis mosaic nepovirus infecting grapevines in the Terrier canton in which area X. index is absent (Vallotton and Perrier, 1990). Choleva et al. (1990) recovered this species in 66% of samples collected from raspberry crops in Bulgaria, and in the Ustovo region X. diversicaudatum was associated with virus degeneration in the raspberry crops. Arabis mosaic and grapevine fanleaf nepoviruses were recovered from respectively 38 and 17 of 55 vineyards surveyed in the viticulture areas of the Moldavia and Dobrudscha regions of Romania (Eppler et al., 1989). AIso, strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus was recovered from 2 of 49 vineyards. X. diversicaudatum was thought to bave been identified from preliminary soil sampling but this requires confirmation as the species was not detected in subsequent samples. X. index and X. brevicolle were present in these samples also a species resembling X. pachtaicum. As a reswt of some divergence from X. pachtaicum in stylet length and the position of the guide sheath these specimens were tentatively identified as X. simile (Eppler et al., 1989). X. diversum Roca, Lamberti, Santos et Abrantes, 1988 was described from specimens collected from Cupressus lusitanica at Cruz Alta, Bucaco, Portugal and has alga been identified from several other localities in that cauntry. X. exile Roca, Lamberti, Santos et Abrantes, 1988 has been recorded only from its type locaiity, from Pinus pinaster at Sameiro, Braga, Portugal. Of the 31 nominai species belonging to the X. americanum-group only X. pachydermum Sturhan, 1983, also first identified from Portugal, and X. exile may be regarded as being bisexual with maies being common. X. hygrophilum Southey et Luc, 1973 specimens from Israel were originally identified as X. ensiculiferum (Cohn and Sher, 1972) but subsequently Southey and Luc (1973) redefined X. ensiculiferum and identified the specimens from Israel as X. hygrophilum. X. incertum Lamberti, Choleva et Agostinelli, 1983 was identified as a single female specimen tram the rhizosphere of grapevine at Ferenci, Yugoslavia (Barsi, 1989) and also as seven speciìnens tram raspberry at Sadovp, Bulgaria (Choleva et al., 1990). X. italiaemeyl, 1953 was erroneously reported to occur in Switzerland (Brown and Taylor, 1987) and this species has not been identified in scii samples from Switzerland (Klingler, perso comm.). In Israel X. italiae is a vector of grapevine fanleaf nepovirus (GFLV) (Cohn et al., 1970) and in Nigeria, where it was found in 57% of samples from vineyards, it was recovered from 13 of 32 vineyards infected with GFLV. However, it has not been demonstrated to be a vector of the virus in Nigeria (Khan, 1988). In Libya this species has been recovered from the rhizosphere of olive trees growing in the coastal regions (Edongali, 1989) and in deciduous fruit orchards (Siddiqi and Khan, 1986). X. macroacanthum"t'amberti, Roca et Agostinelli, 1989 differs from X. ingens in having a well developed Z-pseudo organ and large uterine spines. Previous records of X. ingens identified from severallocalities in ltaly (Martelli and Lamberti, 1967; Lamberti etal., 1975; Roca and Lamberti, 1978, 1985; Lamberti et al., 1985) afe now referred to X. macroacanthum. X. pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kiryanova, 1951 is the most frequently occurring species found in vineyards in Serbia, Yugoslavia. Two morphometricallydistinguishable forms occur and afe separated by differences in body, odontostyle and odontophore lengths. The smaller form was found in nurseries of grapevine cuttings whilst specimens of the larger form were recovered tram the rhizosphere of grapevine rootstocks. Both forms were found in soils samples tram vineyards used far scion production (J 0- vicic, 1988). In Bulgaria, low densities ofx. pachtaicum 203

6 were recovered from one third of the samples collected from raspberry plantations (Choleva et al., 1990) and in Libya the species was recovered from the rhizosphere of olive trees growing in coastal regions (Edongali, 1989). X. rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven et Teunissen, 1938 specimens tram Hungary (Andrassy, 1973) were examined by M. Luc (Lab. des Vers, MNHN, Paris, France) who confirmed thé originai identification by Andrassy (1973). Specimens nominaily of this species were not obtained tram Y ugoslavia and therefore the identification of X. rotundatum tram Yugoslavia (Hrzic, 1978) stili requires confirmation. X. grande Steiner, 1914; X. krugi Lordello, 1955 (= X. denoudeni), X. radicicola Goodey, 1936; X. surinamense Loof et Maas, 1972 and X. vulgare Tarjan, 1964 all were reported as present in Spain in a doctoral thesis by Palomo (1975). Arias et al. (1985b) subsequently suggested that the identification of these tropical species in Spain be regarded as cf doubtful validity especially as the originai specimens upon which the identifications were based are not available. Aiso Sturhan (1963b) reported that the individuai female specimen found by Gà:dea (1955) in a peat ditch near Vigo, Galicia was undoubtedly a representative of the genus Xiphinema but was not, as stated, X. grande. X. coxi (europeum) and X. pseudeocoxi bave each been recovered from soil samples collected in centrai Spain and in one sample both species were present (Arias et al., 1987). Longidorus L. alvegus Roca, Pereira et Lamberti, 1989 which resemb1es L. euonymus, was described rom specimens co1-1ected in the rhizosphere o sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) at A1vega (Abrantes) Ribatejo, Portugal. L. belloi Andres et Arias, 1988 was originally identi ied as L. profundorum tram the rhizosphere o cereals near Toledo, Spain (Andres and Arias, 1982, 1985, 1988a; Bleve- Zacheo et al., 1984; Andres and Bello, 1985; Arias et al., 1985a). Subsequently, specimens o this species were recovered rom soil samples rom several sites in Spain. The results o a statistical analysis o morphometric data rom three populations together with several morphological di - erences were used to di erentiate the specimens rom those o L. profundorum tram England and these di erences were used to describe specimens as L. belloi (Andres and Arias, 1988a). L. closelongatus Stoyanov, 1964 was recovered tram several samples collected in northeastern Italy (Coiro et al., 1988) which suggests that the distributions of L. ;uvenilis and L. closelongatus are similar being southern France and northern Italy. L. closelongatus baso not been recovered in extensive sampling of the type location or other areas in Bulgaria since the originai record by Stoyanov (1964) (B. Choleva, unpublished results). L. congoensis Aboul-Eid, 1970 has been recorded tram two soil samples collected tram the rhizosphere of halophilous vegetation at Almeria, Spain (Andres and Arias, 1988b). L. distinctus Lamberti, Choleva et Agostinelli, 1983 has been recovered tram the rhizosphere of grapevine and parlar in the Senta and Zrenjanin regions, respectively, in Yugoslavia (Barsi, 1989). L. euonymus Mali et Hoop~r, 1973 has been found in soi! samples collected tram the rhizosphere of grasses and parlar in the Novi Sad and Zrenjanin regions, respectively, in Yugoslavia (Barsi, 1989). L. intermedius Kozlowska et Seinhorst, 1979 occurs in Poland (Szczygiel and Brzeski, 1985) and has also been recovered from several soli samples collected in centrai Italy (Roca and Lamberti, 1985). L. juvenilis Dalmasso, 1969 was recovered from scii samples taken around the roots of Mahonia aquifolia and grapevine in the Novi Sad and Ormoz regions of YugosIavia (Barsi, 1989). L, macrosoma Hooper, 1961 has been recorded as a vector of Pfeffinger disease (raspberry ringspot nepovirus) which is an irnportant pathogen of sweet cherry in Switzerland (Klingler and Kunz, 1985). AIsoin Switzerland L, matrosoma has been associated with the presence of raspberryringspot nepovirus in grapevines (Vallotton and Perrier, 1990). In the Plovdiv region in 'Bulgaria, L. macrosoma in association with L. elongatus has been recovered frorn the rhizosphere of raspberry affected by raspberry ringspot and tornato black ring viruses (B. Choleva, unpublished results). Lo pini Andres et Arias, 1988b has been described only from five uncultivated sites in Spain where it was found in the rhizosphere of Pinus sylvestris Lo, Quercus pyrenaica L., Juncus sp. and natura! pasture. L. pisi Edward, Misra et Singh, 1964 and L. latocephalus Lamberti, Choleva et AgostineI1i, 1983 afe considered conspecific, with L. latocephalus a junior synonym of L. pisi (Choleva etal., 1991). AIso, the male specimen of L. latocephalus described by Lamberti et al. (1983) is now considered to possibly be a male of an undescribed Longidorus species similar to, but not identical with, L. attenuatus (Choleva et al., 1991). Edongali and Ben-Othman (1988) reported L. pisi, which they incorrectly named as Paralongidorus pisi, from soil samples taken in home gardens in Tripolitania, Libya where Arabian jasmine (fasminum sambae) and rose geranium (Pelargonium odoratissimum) were growing poorly. 204

7 Paralongidorus P. rex Andrassy, 1986 has been described only tram its type locality in a Quercus forest at Feketehegy in the Pilis Mountains, Hungary. Acknowledgements We thank the many colleagues who bave supplied information and data especially Drs. J. Klingler, Switzerland and M. Luc, France. We are also indebted to Mrs Lesley Creamer far va!uable assistance with translations of severa! Russian texts. The senior author gratefully acknowledges financial assistance provided by the British Council and the Bulgarian Academy of Agricultura! Sciences research exchange scheme. Literature cited ABOUL-EID H.Z., Systematic notes on Longidorus and Paralongidorus. Nematologica, 15: ANDRASSY 1., neue Nematodenarten in der ungarischen Fauna. Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 11: ANDRASSY I., [Paralongidorus rex sp.n. a new nematode species tram Hungary]. Allattani Kozlemenyek, 73: ANDRES M. FE and ARIAS M., Distribucion vertical de los nematodes del suelo del genero Longidorus en la Region CentraI. Bol. Servo Plagas e Insp. Fitop., 8: ANDRES M. FE and ARIAS M., Patogenicidad del nematodo ectoparasito Longidorus profundorum, en cereales y leguminosas. Bol. Servo Plagas e Insp. Fitop., 12: ANDRES M. FE and ARIAS M., 1988a - Longidorus belloi n.sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) tram Spain. Revue Nématol., 11: ANDRES M. FE and ARIAS M., 1988b - A new species of Longidorus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) associated with forest soils and notes on L. congoensis Aboul-Eid, 1970 and L. intermedius Kozlowska & Seinhorst, 1979 new records far Spain. Nematologica, 33: (1987). ANDRES M. and BELLO A., In luencia del suelo y metodos de cultivo sobre Longidorus profundorum nematodo fitoparasito de interes en las areas cerealistas dela Region Centrai. An. Edaf Agrobiol., 43: ARIAS M., ANDRES M. FE and NAVAS A., 1985a - Distribucion, ecologia y patogenicidad del nematodo ectoparasito Longidorus profundorum en Espafia. Proc. II Consto Nac. Fitopat., Vitoria, pp ARIAS M., NAVAS A. and ANDRES M. FE, Studies on mprphometrics, distribution and ecology of the Xiphinema coii complex in Spain. Revue Nématot, 10: ARIAS M., NAVAS A. and BELLO A., 1985b - Nematodos ectoparasitos y transmisores de virus de la familia Longidoridae. Su distribucion en Espafia continental. Bol. Servo Plagas, 11: BARSI L., The Longidoridae (Nematoda : Dorylaimida) in Yugoslavia. I. Nematol. medit., 17: BLEVE-ZACHEO T., ANDRES M. FE and ARIAS M., Estudio comparativo de la patogenicidad de L. profundorum y L. apulus, nematodes ectoparasitos. Proc. III Congr. Nac. Fitopat., Tenerife, p. 31. BOLDYREV M.I. and BOZYKH G.T., [Plants in the contrai of nematodes]. Zashchita Rastenii, 9: 30. 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