Evaluation of wheat collections from national genbank in Azerbaijan. Mehraj Abbasov

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1 Evaluation of wheat collections from national genbank in Azerbaijan Mehraj Abbasov

2 Azerbaijan is one of the main origin of wheat Zhukovsky (1959, 1961, 1965) postulated that the home of wheat is Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia), the central and western parts of Asia Minor, the eastern Mediterranean areas, and the western part of Iran. These regions abound in endemic wild and cultivated wheat and store the variation potential of the genera Triticum, Aegilops, and Secale. Vavilov (1939) maintained that in the mentioned regions there is the world s richest concentration of wild relatives of small grains. Zhukovsky k (1965) reported that Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia) is a primary gene centre of speciation of the genus Triticum.

3 Wheat genetic diversity in Azerbaijan T.boeoticum T.urartu T.monococcum T.araraticum T.dicoccum T.turgidum T.durum T.persicum T.spelta T.compactum T.aestivum T.turanicum T.vavilovi Ae.squarrosa Ae.crassa Ae.cylindrica Ae.triuncialis Ae.kotschyi Ae.biuncialis Ae.triaristata Ae.columnaris Ae.umbellulata Ae.ovata Ae.ventricosa Ae.caudata

4 Expedition ( ) (T.boeoticum, T.urartu, T.araraticum) VIR ( )- they collected almost 10 wheat species V.Dorofoyev, E.Miqushova ( ) 9 They collected almost 9 Aegilops species. I.Mustafayev (1961), S.Musayev (1991) History of wheat collection in Azerbaijan

5 Expedition 2012

6 National GeneBank

7 Cllb Collaboration with ihd Dr. Ram Sharma Assessment of resistance to terminal heat stress of Azerbaijan wheat collection (Elchin Hajiyev) A set of 100 accessions from genebank and 10 improved varieties of durum wheat was planted in Alpha Lattice design in two replicates using 1 m 2 plots at the Absheron Experimental Station of the Genetic Resources Institute of Azerbaijan in crop season. Data were recorded for biomass yield (BMY), kernel per spike (KPS), 100-kernel weight iht(hkw) (HKW), days to heading and anthesis, duration of grain-filling period, and SPAD value. ANOVA technique was used to determine the significance of genotypic variations. GGE biplot analysis was used to compare the genotypes based on multiple traits.

8 The wheat accessions showed array of variations for BMY, KPS, HKW, days to heading and anthesis, grain-filling period, and SPAD value. Based on mean values for various traits, the gene bank accessions compared well with the improved varieties. Mean values were higher for gene bank accessions compered to mean of the 10 improved varieties for several traits. GGE biplot for multiple traits revealed arrays of variation among the 110 genotypes. By and large the improved genotypes grouped together and showed narrower variations among them compared to the gene bank accessions. Genotypic variations were much wider for gene bank accessions. The results suggest that the gene bank accessions included in this study could be valuablefor improving the traits examined in this study through hybridization with the improved durum wheat varieties.

9 Dr. Ram Sharma from ICARDA Salinity tolerance in wheat: genetic control and association of traits (Sevinj Nuriyeva) Within this PhD thesis salinity tolerance of 50 bread wheat accessions was assessed in both filed and greenhouse conditions. As a result of GGE Biplot analysis best genotypes were identified and hybridization in 5 combinations was done. The research is now being carried out on molecular level in Biotech lab.

10 MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTING OF DIPLOID WHEATS (T.URARTU, T.BOEOTICUM, T.MONOCOCCUM) ) TO SALINITY STRESS

11 Plant material (Total 196 accessions) Origin T.monococcum T.monococcum T.urartu subsp.monococcum subsp.boeoticum Turkey Iran 19 1 Syria 8 40 Iraq 4 2 Bulgaria 5 3 Italy 2 Albania 3 Romania 1 Serbia 1 Georgia 5 Greece 1 1 Morocco 1 Ukraine 1 Armenia 9 2 Lebanon 4 12 Jordan 11 Total

12 Methods Genotyping Phenotyping Screening Nax1 and Nax 2 genes in all accessions Screening Sodium and potassium exclusion in all accessions

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14 Screening Nax2 with FA1, RA1 primer T.monococcum C Line 149 T.monococcum T.boeoticum T.urartu Tamaroi

15 Hydroponics system First day After 10 days

16 Results of hydroponic system (T.monococcum subsp.monococcum) Name of species Nax1 Nax2 Avera Range Averag Range of ge of Na (mm) of Na e of K K T.monococcum C yes yes Tamaroi no no Line 149 yes yes accessions yes yes T.monococcum sps monococcum no no (SCS-Montenegro)

17 Results of hydroponic system (T.monococcum subsp.boeoticum) Name of species Nax1 Nax2 Averag eofna (mm) Rang eof Na Avera ge of K Range of K T.monococcum yes yes C Tamaroi no no Line 149 yes yes accessions yes yes accessions No-? yes

18 Results of hydroponic system (T.urartu) Name of species Nax1 Nax2 Averag eofna (mm) T.monococcum C Rang eof Na Avera ge of K yes yes Tamaroi no no Line 149 yes yes accessions yes no Range of K accessions - yes accessions no no accessions no no

19 Conclusions 1. Most tt.monococcum genotypes have the Nax1 and Nax2 genes 2. The majority of T.urartu genotypes don t have Nax1 and Nax2 genes 3. In T.monococcum presence of the Nax1 and Nax2 genes tends to correlate with lower leaf Na+, indicating that these genes are important for controlling sodium exclusion 4. Absence of the Nax genes in T. urartu and modern wheat indicates that t T. urartu is the source of fthe modern A genome 5. Sodium exclusion is controlled by other genes in T.urartu 6. Several T.monococcum and some T.urartu lines have very low leaf sodium and may be useful as new sources of sodium exclusion in breeding 7. Nax2 gene specific primers can be used to distinguish between T.monococcum and T.urartu species

20 Norman Borlaug Fellowship 2011

21 Resistance of Azerbaijani durum and bread wheat accessions to rusts

22 Plant materials 64 botanical varieties of T.durum Desf. 57 botanical varieties of T.aestivum L. 18 varieties of T.durum Desf. 18 varieties of T.aestivum L Total: 157 accessions

23 Leaf rust BBBDB - avirulence 1, 2a, 2c, c,3, 9, 16, 24, 26, 3ka, 11, 17, 30, B, 10, 18, 21, 28, 39, 42 virulence 14a MFBJG - avirulence 2a, 2c, 9, 16, 3ka, 11, 17, 30, B, 18, 21, 39, 42 virulence a28 1, 3, 24, 26, 10, 14a, 28 TTRSD - avirulence 17, 18, 21, 28, 42 virulence - 1, 2a, 2c, 3, 9, 16, 24, 26, 3ka, 11, 30, B, 10, 14a, 39 MRDSD - avirulence 2a, 2c, 24, 3ka, 11, 30, 18, 21, 28, 42 virulence 1, 3, 9, 16, 26, 17, B, 10, 14a, 39

24 Results of Leaf Rust on T. durum 18 high resistant to all races 7 of them are varieties (Jafari, Sharq, Mugan, Shiraslan23, Vugar, Tartar, Tartar2) 23 moderately resistant to all races 2 of them are varieties (Karakilchik, Mirbashir 50) 41 susceptible A majority of the resistant accessions (61%) belonged to var. leucurum, ie i.e., they had white spikes, awns, and seed, and the spikes lacked hair. White spikes were observed in 83.3% of resistant genotypes. Moreover, among 23 moderately resistant genotypes, 14 (60.9%) had also white spikes. On the contrary, in 70.7% 7% of 41 wheat genotypes that were rated susceptible, the spike color was red.

25 Results of leaf Rust on T. aestivum 4 high resistant 9 moderate resistant 61 susceptible

26 Stem rust MCCFC (avirulence 21, 9e, 11, 6, 8a, 36, 9b, 30, 9a, 9d, 24, 31, 38 virulence 5, 7b, 9g, 17, 10, Tmp, McN) TPMKC (avirulence 6, 9b, 30, 9a, 24, 31, 38 / virulence 5, 21, 9e, 7b, 11, 8a, 9g, 36, 17, 9d, 10, Tmp, McN) RKQQC ( a ir lence 9e Tmp / RKQQC ( avirulence 9e, 11, 30, 17, 10, Tmp, 24, 31, 38 / virulence 5, 21, 7b, 6, 8a, 9g, 36, 9b, 9a, 9d, McN).

27 Results of Stem Rust on T.durum 14 high resistant to all races - 7 of them are variety (Barakatli 95, Karakilchik 2, Vugar, Shiraslan 23, Tartar, Tartar 2) 12 moderate resistant to all races 56 susceptible

28 Results of Stem Rust on T.aestivum 29 high resistant to all races- 10 of them are variety Graekum 75/50, Arzu, Karabag, Zerdabi, Mirbashir 128, Guneshli, Azamatli 95, Ruzi 84, Qobustan, Qirmizigul 33 moderate resistant to all races 13 susceptible

29 Molecular analysis We have used 16 markers for screening 16 genes (Lr34/Yr18, Lr39, Lr19, Lr46, Lr21, Sr36, 1RS:1BL, 1RS:1AL, HGPC/Yr36, Lr37/Sr38/Yr17, Lr24/Sr24, Lr34, Lr50)

30 Results of molecular analysis Lr19 was in 2 durum wheats (6129-T.durum v.melanopus and Jafari, Both of them are high resistant to leaf rust) and 6 bread wheats ( 6937-T.aestivum v.milturum, 6949-T.aestivum v.erythrospermum, 6985-T.aestivum v.lutescens, 7021-T.aestivum v.barbarossa, 7029-T.aestivum v.velutinum, Gyrmizigul). All of them were susceptible to leaf rust. Lr46 was in 6 durum wheats (6092- T.durum leucurm, 6094-T.durum leucurm, T.durum hordeiforme, 6114-T.durum hordeiforme, T.durum murciense, Ag bugda ) and 55 bread wheats - most of them were susceptible to leaf rust Lr , 6960, 6961 alborubrum (high resistant to BBBDB, susceptible to other three race), albidum susceptible to 4 races, Graekim 75/50, Arzu, Zerdabi (susceptible), Gurgene-1, Mirbashir 128, Akinchi 84, Guneshli, Yegane (high resistant to BBBDB),

31 1RS-1BL- in 9 bread wheat accessions (6945 T.aestivum v.erythrospermum, 6983-T.aestivum v.lutescens, T.aestivum v. lutescens, T.aestivum v.lutescens, 7014-T.aestivum v.albidum, T.aestivum v.meridionale, Akinchi84, Guneshli, Mirbashir 128 ) they are high resistant to stem rust and most of them are moderate resistant to leaf rust.

32 Conclusion Bread wheats are more resistant to stem rust than to leaf rust. Compared with bread wheats, durum wheats are resistant to leaf rust and susceptible to stem rust. Spike color and leaf rust resistance are correlated in durum wheats. T1RS 1BL translocation carrying Lr26 and Sr31 has an important role in rust resistance in this collection of bread wheats. All accessions with T1RS 1BL have white spikes, seeds and awns. Lr34/Yr18 was present in both old and new bread wheat cultivars from Azerbaijan but not the durums. Highly resistant accessions can be useful in breeding programs.

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