From basic research to crop improvement. Dirk Inze VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology
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1 From basic research to crop improvement Dirk Inze VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology Oct 2017
2 The Great Challenge By % more food on the same land area Growing world population Climate change - Sustainability Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
3 Plant size and plant organ size are major determinants for yield Genotype X Environment Plant organ size is remarkably constant Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
4 Leaves as model to study plant organ growth Arabidopsis 1,000,000,000 square km leaf on earth Oct 2017 Maize Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
5 > 60 leaf growth promoting genes identified and their mechanism studied Wild-type Leaf series AVP1 BRI1 GA20-OX Size is determined by. Number of cells. Size of cells GRF5 5 examples
6 Leaf size is a quantitative trait: how to measure leaf growth with high precision and throughput? Phenotyping platforms Image processing Data analysis and visualization Increased throughput by multi-level automation Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
7 Automated Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
8 Cellular processes governing organ size in Arabidopsis Number of cells recruited at the shoot apical meristem to become part of the leaf primordium 24 days DA1; SAMBA; STRUWELPETER Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
9 Cellular processes governing organ size in Arabidopsis Cell proliferation Duration to complete a round of cell division 24 days APC10; CDC27a; FBX92; GIFs; AIP10; ABAP1 Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
10 Cellular processes governing organ size in Arabidopsis 24 days Transition from cell division to cell expansion ANT; AIL; ARGOS; AVP1; BRI1; BB/EOD1; CYCD3; DA1; DA2; DELLA; EBP1; ERF5/ERF6; GA20Ox; GIFs (AN3); GRF3; GRF5; JAW (mri396); KLUH; MED25; NGATHA; OBP4; TCP4; UBP15 Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
11 Cellular processes governing organ size in Arabidopsis Only cell expansion and cellular differentiation 24 days ARF2; ARL1; CCS52a; EXPANSINS; EBP1; GA20OX; DELLA; OBP4; RPT2; SAUR19; SAUR36; TOR; ZHD5 Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
12 Cellular processes governing organ size in Arabidopsis Activity of the meristemoids (only in dicots) KIX 8/KIX9; PEAPOD; SAP 24 days Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
13 From individual genes to networks
14 Growth regulatory modules: leaf initiation
15 Growth regulatory modules: cell cycle
16 Growth regulatory modules: early cell division
17 Mutation in DA1 enhances organ growth and abolishes DA1 peptidase activity WT Transgenic WT Transgenic ICE61 Yeg-1 An-1 Cvi-0 Ler-0 Sha Col-0 Blh-1 ICE153 ICE138 ICE97 Ey15-2 C24 ICE163 Oy-0 ICE75 Most accessions visibly responded by changing their growth Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
18 Translation to crops Wild-type DA1 R358K Maize Xie et al., 2017 Plant Biotech Journal Brassica Wang et al., 2017 Wild-type versus DA1 mutant
19 Growth regulatory modules: transition cell division to cell expansion
20 Complex molecular machines: SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
21 SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex: larger organs (leaves, seeds, ) Oct 2017 Brassica (collaboration with Javier Palatnik) Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
22 Increased seed yield in rice Li et al., 2016
23 LER (mm/h) GA20-OX enhances the speed of growth days after leaf 4 appearance WT UBI-L::GA20OX Overexpression of GA20-OX 33.1 % larger leaves Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
24 LER (mm/h) PLA1 extends the duration of growth days after leaf 4 appearance WT GA2OX::KLUH Ectopic expression of PLASTOCHRON 1A (PLA1A) 15.5% larger leaves Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
25 Field trials in Belgium and Iowa Hybrids Two years Two locations 88,000 plants/ha Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
26 Increased seed yield in PLA1 hybrids Line 1 Non-transgenic Transgenic Line 2 Non-transgenic Transgenic 7-14% more kernels per row 6-16% larger seeds 17-27% larger cobs 18-27% higher cob dry weight PLA1A (KLUH)-mediated growth regulatory mechanisms conserved in different organs Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
27 Growth regulatory modules: cell expansion
28 Growth regulatory modules: meristemoids
29 Inactivating PEAPOD pathway triggers enhanced growth and yield Specific for dicots BIG SEEDS1 is the Medicago PEAPOD orthologue (Ge et al., 2016) Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
30 Inactivating PEAPOD in soybean enhances seed yield Naito et al. 2017
31 BIG LEAF of poplar encodes a SAP Yordanov et al., 2017 Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
32 Many growth promoting genes act additively or synergistically to further promote growth In 80% of pair wise combinations of 13 leaf growth enhancing genes, additive or synergistic effects on leaf size were found Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
33 Triple gene combinations: da1-1 eod1-2 samba DA1: ubiquitin receptor/peptidase (dominant negative) EOD1-2: E3-ligase ubiquinating DA1 SAMBA: interactor and inhibitor of APC/C complex
34 LER (mm/h) The combination of GA20-OX and PLA1 affects both the speed and also the duration of growth days after leaf 4 appearance WT combination Additive effects on growth by combined overexpression of GA20-OX and PLA1A 50.0 % larger leaves Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
35 From knowledge to crop improvement Knowledge-based Basic Research Numerous in-house growth-related datasets in Arabidopsis and maize Emphasis on mode of action research Strong bioinformatics and systems biology expertise In-house maize transformation pipeline: highly efficient genome editing In-house automated phenotyping platform for maize plants grown to full maturity (PHENOVISION) Expertise with transgenic field trials Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
36 Phenovision 400 plants up to 2.5m height 4 different watering regimes RGB Thermal Hyperspectral (200 # wavelengths)
37 Maize RGB imaging 3D model Multi view RGB imaging Growth and development o shoot height o shoot width o shoot volume o shoot bounding volume o total leaf surface area o stem diameter o stem length o leaf number o leaf angle Time (days after plant emergence)
38 Hyperspectral imaging Two top-view cameras capture light reflected by plant VIS-NIR ( nm) SWIR ( nm) => complete reflectance spectrum for every pixel at 3 & 6 nm steps soil drying period soil water deficit well-watered
39 Stacked transgenes in PHENOVISION Wild-type PLA1 GA20-ox GA20-ox X PLA1 Well watered conditions Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
40 Mild drought stress in Phenovision Well-watered Mild Drought Time (days after plant emergence)
41 Stacked transgenes in PHENOVISION increases final leaf length under mild drought Wild-type PLA1 GA20-ox GA20-ox X PLA1 Mild drought conditions Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
42 Stacked transgenes in PHENOVISION Increased biomass productivity The PLA1 X GA20 ox transgenics under mild drought are even larger that the wild type plants under well watered conditions Field trials planned for 2018 in Belgium and Missouri(USA) Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
43 Cycling of knowledge from lab to field to lab allows faster learning Subtle phenotypes Sensor technology Organ growth Genes Pathways Regulation Phenotyping Automated, high-throughput phenotyping in Greenhouse Field Germplasm Environment Ultimate Goal: Yield Climate Resilience Precision breeding Genome editing
44 The Great Challenge By % more food on the same land area Oct 2017 Dirk Inze VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology
45 Thank you Dirk Inze VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology Oct 2017
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